Smart Polymers: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Recent Developments and Advancements
Subject Areas : نانومواد و پلیمرهای هوشمند
1 - ) Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran.
Keywords: Stimuli-Responsive Materials, Thermoresponsive Polymers, pH-Responsive Polymers, Light-Responsive Polmers, Self-Healing Polymers, Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs), Drug Delivery Systems,
Abstract :
Smart polymers, also known as stimuli-responsive materials, represent a frontier in materials science, distinguished by their ability to undergo significant, often reversible, changes in their physicochemical properties in response to small external triggers. Drawing inspiration from adaptive biological systems, these polymers are at the heart of innovations across numerous scientific and technological domains. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent advancements in the field, systematically classifying smart polymers based on their primary stimuli, including temperature, pH, light, and mechanical forces. For each class, we delve into the fundamental response mechanisms, from the molecular-level hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance and ionization dynamics to macroscopic phenomena like phase transitions and swelling/deswelling. Key synthesis methodologies, advanced characterization techniques, and the structure-property relationships that govern their behavior are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the review highlights the expanding applications of these intelligent materials in high-impact areas such as targeted drug delivery, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, biosensing, and soft robotics. Finally, we address the current challenges, including the need for enhanced biocompatibility, precise control over response kinetics, and multifunctionality, while outlining future research directions poised to unlock the full potential of smart polymers in creating the next generation of advanced materials.
[1] J. V. Alemán et al., "Definitions of terms relating to the structure and processing of sols, gels, networks, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)," Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 79, no. 10, pp. 1801-1829, 2007/01/01 2007, doi: 10.1351/pac200779101801.
[2] A. Fattah-alhosseini, R. Chaharmahali, S. Alizad, M. Kaseem, and B. Dikici, "A review of smart polymeric materials: Recent developments and prospects for medicine applications," Hybrid Advances, vol. 5, p. 100178, 2024/04 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.hybadv.2024.100178.
[3] A. K. A. Khalil, Y. H. Teow, M. S. Takriff, A. L. Ahmad, and M. A. Atieh, "Recent developments in stimuli-responsive polymer for emerging applications: A review," Results in Engineering, vol. 25, p. 103900, 2025/03 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103900.
[4] G. Kocak, C. Tuncer, and V. Bütün, "pH-Responsive polymers," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 144-176, 2017, doi: 10.1039/c6py01872f.
[5] V. Aseyev, H. Tenhu, and F. M. Winnik, "Non-ionic thermoresponsive polymers in water," Advances in Polymer Science, vol. 242, pp. 29-89, 2011, doi: 10.1007/12_2010_57.
[6] J. Seuring and S. Agarwal, "Polymers with upper critical solution temperature in aqueous solution," Macromolecular Rapid Communications, vol. 33, no. 22, pp. 1898-1920, 2012, doi: 10.1002/marc.201200433.
[7] Y. J. Kim and Y. T. Matsunaga, "Thermo-responsive polymers and their application as smart biomaterials," J Mater Chem B, vol. 5, no. 23, pp. 4307-4321, Jun 21 2017, doi: 10.1039/c7tb00157f.
[8] Y. Kotsuchibashi, "Recent advances in multi-temperature-responsive polymeric materials," Polymer Journal, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 681-689, 2020/03/24 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41428-020-0330-0.
[9] G. Nunziata, M. Nava, E. Lacroce, F. Pizzetti, and F. Rossi, "Thermo-Responsive Polymer-Based Nanoparticles: From Chemical Design to Advanced Applications," Macromol Rapid Commun, vol. 46, no. 9, p. e2401127, May 2025, doi: 10.1002/marc.202401127.
[10] S. Qiao and H. Wang, "Temperature-responsive polymers: Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications," Nano Research, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 5400-5423, 2018-06-21 2018, doi: 10.1007/s12274-018-2121-x.
[11] M. Sponchioni, U. Capasso Palmiero, and D. Moscatelli, "Thermo-responsive polymers: Applications of smart materials in drug delivery and tissue engineering," Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, vol. 102, pp. 589-605, Sep 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.069.
[12] P. Zarrintaj et al., "Thermo-sensitive polymers in medicine: A review," European Polymer Journal, vol. 117, pp. 402-423, 2019-08-01 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.024.
[13] M. R. Aguilar and J. San Román, "Introduction to Smart Polymers and Their Applications," in Smart Polymers and their Applications, ed: Elsevier, 2019, pp. 1-11.
[14] H. G. Schild, "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): Experiment, theory and application," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 163-249, 1992.
[15] I. Idziak, D. Avoce, D. Lessard, D. Gravel, and X. X. Zhu, "Thermosensitivity of aqueous solutions of poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide)," Macromolecules, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1260-1263, 1999, doi: 10.1021/ma981171f.
[16] J. F. Lutz, "Polymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylates: Toward new generations of smart biocompatible materials," Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 3459-3470, 2008, doi: 10.1002/pola.22706.
[17] R. Hoogenboom and H. Schlaad, "Bioinspired poly(2-oxazoline)s," Polymers (Basel), vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 467-488, 2011, doi: 10.3390/polym3010467.
[18] J. Seuring, F. M. Bayer, K. Huber, and S. Agarwal, "Upper critical solution temperature of poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) in water: A concealed property," Macromolecules, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 374-384, 2012, doi: 10.1021/ma202059t.
[19] D. N. Schulz et al., "Phase behaviour and solution properties of sulphobetaine polymers," Polymer, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 1734-1742, 1986, doi: 10.1016/0032-3861(86)90269-7.
[20] S. Saeki, N. Kuwahara, M. Nakata, and M. Kaneko, "Upper and lower critical solution temperatures in poly(ethylene glycol) solutions," Polymer, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 685-689, 1976, doi: 10.1016/0032-3861(76)90208-1.
[21] I. Dimitrov, B. Trzebicka, A. H. Müller, A. Dworak, and C. B. Tsvetanov, "Thermosensitive water-soluble copolymers with doubly responsive reversibly interacting entities," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 1275-1343, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.07.001.
[22] C. Weber, R. Hoogenboom, and U. S. Schubert, "Temperature responsive bio-compatible polymers based on poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(2-oxazoline)s," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 686-714, 2012-05-01 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.10.002.
[23] F. D. Jochum and P. Theato, "Temperature- and light-responsive smart polymer materials," Chem Soc Rev, vol. 42, no. 17, pp. 7468-83, Sep 7 2013, doi: 10.1039/c2cs35191a.
[24] A. S. Hoffman, "Applications of thermally reversible polymers and hydrogels in therapeutics and diagnostics," Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 297-305, 1987, doi: 10.1016/0168-3659(87)90083-6.
[25] F. Afroze, E. Nies, and H. Berghmans, "Phase transitions in the system poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/water and swelling behaviour of the corresponding networks," Journal of Molecular Structure, vol. 554, no. 1, pp. 55-68, 2000, doi: 10.1016/S0022-2860(00)00559-7.
[26] Y. Okada and F. Tanaka, "Cooperative hydration, chain collapse, and flat LCST behavior in aqueous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) solutions," Macromolecules, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 4465-4471, 2005, doi: 10.1021/ma0502497.
[27] N. T. Southall, K. A. Dill, and A. D. J. Haymet, "A view of the hydrophobic effect," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 521-533, 2002, doi: 10.1021/jp015514e.
[28] C. Wu and X. Wang, "Globule-to-coil transition of a single homopolymer chain in solution," Physical Review Letters, vol. 80, no. 18, pp. 4092-4094, 1998, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.4092.
[29] J. F. Lutz, Ö. Akdemir, and A. Hoth, "Point by point comparison of two thermosensitive polymers exhibiting a similar LCST: Is the age of poly(NIPAM) over?," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 128, no. 40, pp. 13046-13047, 2006, doi: 10.1021/ja065324n.
[30] F. A. Plamper, M. Reschel, A. Schmalz, O. Borisov, M. Ballauff, and A. H. Müller, "Tuning the thermoresponsive properties of weak polyelectrolytes: Aqueous solutions of star-shaped and linear poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)," Macromolecules, vol. 40, no. 16, pp. 5689-5697, 2007, doi: 10.1021/ma070452x.
[31] S. Fujishige, K. Kubota, and I. Ando, "Phase transition of aqueous solutions of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide)," Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 93, no. 8, pp. 3311-3313, 1989, doi: 10.1021/j100345a085.
[32] H. G. Schild and D. A. Tirrell, "Microcalorimetric detection of lower critical solution temperatures in aqueous polymer solutions," Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 94, no. 10, pp. 4352-4356, 1990, doi: 10.1021/j100373a088.
[33] Y. Zhang, S. Furyk, D. E. Bergbreiter, and P. S. Cremer, "Specific ion effects on the water solubility of macromolecules: PNIPAM and the Hofmeister series," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 127, no. 41, pp. 14505-14510, 2005, doi: 10.1021/ja0546424.
[34] M. Meewes, J. Ricka, M. de Silva, R. Nyffenegger, and T. Binkert, "Coil-globule transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): A study of surfactant effects by light scattering," Macromolecules, vol. 24, no. 21, pp. 5811-5816, 1991, doi: 10.1021/ma00021a014.
[35] F. M. Winnik, M. F. Ottaviani, S. H. Bossmann, M. Garcia-Garibay, and N. J. Turro, "Consolvency of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in mixed water-methanol solutions: A look at spin-labeled polymers," Macromolecules, vol. 25, no. 22, pp. 6007-6017, 1992, doi: 10.1021/ma00048a023.
[36] P. Zarrintaj et al., "Biopolymeric Sensors," in Functionalized Polymers, ed: CRC Press, 2021, pp. 235-249.
[37] S. Hajebi, A. Abdollahi, H. Roghani-Mamaqani, and M. Salami-Kalajahi, "Temperature-Responsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Nanogels: The Role of Hollow Cavities and Different Shell Cross-Linking Densities on Doxorubicin Loading and Release," Langmuir, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 2683-2694, Mar 17 2020, doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03892.
[38] L. E. Bromberg and E. S. Ron, "Temperature-responsive gels and thermogelling polymer matrices for protein and peptide delivery," Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 197-221, 1998, doi: 10.1016/S0169-409X(97)00121-X.
[39] P. Maharjan, B. W. Woonton, L. E. Bennett, G. W. Smithers, K. DeSilva, and M. T. Hearn, "Novel chromatographic separation—The potential of smart polymers," Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 232-242, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2007.03.028.
[40] A. Richter, G. Paschew, S. Klatt, J. Lienig, K. F. Arndt, and H. J. P. Adler, "Review on hydrogel-based pH sensors and microsensors," Sensors, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 561-581, 2008, doi: 10.3390/s8010561.
[41] M. Yamato, Y. Akiyama, J. Kobayashi, J. Yang, A. Kikuchi, and T. Okano, "Temperature-responsive cell culture surfaces for regenerative medicine with cell sheet engineering," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1123-1133, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.06.002.
[42] N. A. Shaibie, N. A. Ramli, N. D. F. Mohammad Faizal, T. Srichana, and M. C. I. Mohd Amin, "Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐Based Polymers: Recent Overview for the Development of Temperature‐Responsive Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications," Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, vol. 224, no. 20, 2023/08/15 2023, doi: 10.1002/macp.202300157.
[43] A. K. Teotia, H. Sami, and A. Kumar, "Thermo-responsive polymers," in Switchable and Responsive Surfaces and Materials for Biomedical Applications, ed: Elsevier, 2015, pp. 3-43.
[44] M. S. Akash and K. Rehman, "Recent progress in biomedical applications of Pluronic (PF127): Pharmaceutical perspectives," J Control Release, vol. 209, pp. 120-38, Jul 10 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.032.
[45] A. Das, A. Babu, S. Chakraborty, J. F. R. Van Guyse, R. Hoogenboom, and S. Maji, "Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and Its Copolymers: A Review on Recent Advances in the Areas of Sensing and Biosensing," Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 34, no. 37, 2024/05/11 2024, doi: 10.1002/adfm.202402432.
[46] A. G.-A. Mirian, D. C.-S. Yadira, Z.-L. Arturo, and L.-C. Angel, "Hydrogels with Thermal Responsiveness," CRC Press , publication_type = article, 2024.
[47] B. S. Forney, C. Baguenard, and C. A. Guymon, "Improved stimuli-response and mechanical properties of nanostructured poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-dimethylsiloxane) hydrogels generated through photopolymerization in lyotropic liquid crystal templates," Soft Matter, vol. 9, no. 31, p. 7458, 2013, doi: 10.1039/c3sm50556a.
[48] E. M. Frazar, R. A. Shah, T. D. Dziubla, and J. Z. Hilt, "Multifunctional temperature-responsive polymers as advanced biomaterials and beyond," (in eng), J Appl Polym Sci, vol. 137, no. 25, p. 48770, Jul 5 2020, doi: 10.1002/app.48770.
[49] S. Lanzalaco and E. Armelin, "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Copolymers: A Review on Recent Progresses in Biomedical Applications," (in eng), Gels, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 36, Oct 4 2017, doi: 10.3390/gels3040036.
[50] K. Nagase, J. Kobayashi, and T. Okano, "Temperature-responsive intelligent interfaces for biomolecular separation and cell sheet engineering," (in eng), J R Soc Interface, vol. 6 Suppl 3, no. Suppl 3, pp. S293-309, Jun 6 2009, doi: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0499.focus.
[51] L. Xu, S. Zhong, Y. Gao, and X. Cui, "Thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-hyaluronic acid nano-hydrogel and its multiple applications," Int J Biol Macromol, vol. 194, pp. 811-818, Jan 1 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.133.
[52] X. Xu et al., "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Thermoresponsive Composite Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 12, no. 3, p. 580, Mar 5 2020, doi: 10.3390/polym12030580.
[53] L. Yang, X. Fan, J. Zhang, and J. Ju, "Preparation and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) for Cell Culture Applications," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 12, no. 2, p. 389, Feb 9 2020, doi: 10.3390/polym12020389.
[54] J. Zhu, S. Yuan, J. Wang, Y. Zhang, M. Tian, and B. Van der Bruggen, "Microporous organic polymer-based membranes for ultrafast molecular separations," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 110, p. 101308, 2020/11 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101308.
[55] J. Liu, A. Debuigne, C. Detrembleur, and C. Jerome, "Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam): a thermoresponsive macromolecule with promising future in biomedical field," Adv Healthc Mater, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 1941-68, Dec 2014, doi: 10.1002/adhm.201400371.
[56] L. Marsili, M. Dal Bo, G. Eisele, I. Donati, F. Berti, and G. Toffoli, "Characterization of Thermoresponsive Poly-N-Vinylcaprolactam Polymers for Biological Applications," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 13, no. 16, p. 2639, Aug 8 2021, doi: 10.3390/polym13162639.
[57] M. N. Mohammed, K. B. Yusoh, and J. H. B. H. Shariffuddin, "Poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) thermoresponsive polymer in novel drug delivery systems: A review," Materials Express, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 21-34, 2018/02/01 2018, doi: 10.1166/mex.2018.1406.
[58] M. Fallon, S. Halligan, R. Pezzoli, L. Geever, and C. Higginbotham, "Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Temperature and pH Sensitive Physically Cross-Linked Poly (N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic Acid) Hydrogels for Drug Delivery," (in eng), Gels, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 41, Aug 29 2019, doi: 10.3390/gels5030041.
[59] F. Farjadian et al., "Temperature and pH-responsive nano-hydrogel drug delivery system based on lysine-modified poly (vinylcaprolactam)," (in eng), Int J Nanomedicine, vol. 14, pp. 6901-6915, 2019, doi: 10.2147/IJN.S214467.
[60] V. Kozlovskaya and E. Kharlampieva, "Self-Assemblies of Thermoresponsive Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) Polymers for Applications in Biomedical Field," ACS Applied Polymer Materials, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 26-39, 2019/12/03 2019, doi: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00863.
[61] M. Marudova and T. Yorov, "Chitosan/poly(lactic acid) blends as drug delivery systems," International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials, vol. 68, no. 1-3, pp. 99-106, 2018/12/31 2018, doi: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1525728.
[62] L. S. Ribeiro, R. L. Sala, T. A. Robeldo, R. C. Borra, and E. R. Camargo, "Injectable Thermosensitive Nanocomposites Based on Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) and Silica Particles for Localized Release of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Drugs," (in eng), Langmuir, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 2380-2388, Feb 14 2023, doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03160.
[63] A. Chilkoti, T. Christensen, and J. A. MacKay, "Stimulus responsive elastin biopolymers: Applications in medicine and biotechnology," (in eng), Curr Opin Chem Biol, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 652-7, Dec 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.10.010.
[64] C. M. Bellingham, K. A. Woodhouse, P. Robson, S. J. Rothstein, and F. W. Keeley, "Self-aggregation characteristics of recombinantly expressed human elastin polypeptides," Biochim Biophys Acta, vol. 1550, no. 1, pp. 6-19, Nov 26 2001, doi: 10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00262-x.
[65] A. Chilkoti, M. R. Dreher, D. E. Meyer, and D. Raucher, "Targeted drug delivery by thermally responsive polymers," Adv Drug Deliv Rev, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 613-30, Sep 13 2002, doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00041-8.
[66] Y. Guo, S. Liu, D. Jing, N. Liu, and X. Luo, "The construction of elastin-like polypeptides and their applications in drug delivery system and tissue repair," (in eng), J Nanobiotechnology, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 418, Nov 11 2023, doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-02184-8.
[67] D. E. Meyer and A. Chilkoti, "Genetically encoded synthesis of protein-based polymers with precisely specified molecular weight and sequence by recursive directional ligation: examples from the elastin-like polypeptide system," Biomacromolecules, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 357-67, Mar-Apr 2002, doi: 10.1021/bm015630n.
[68] D. E. Meyer and A. Chilkoti, "Quantification of the effects of chain length and concentration on the thermal behavior of elastin-like polypeptides," Biomacromolecules, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 846-51, May-Jun 2004, doi: 10.1021/bm034215n.
[69] J. C. Rodriguez-Cabello, F. J. Arias, M. A. Rodrigo, and A. Girotti, "Elastin-like polypeptides in drug delivery," Adv Drug Deliv Rev, vol. 97, pp. 85-100, Feb 1 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.007.
[70] D. W. Urry, "Physical Chemistry of Biological Free Energy Transduction As Demonstrated by Elastic Protein-Based Polymers," The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 101, no. 51, pp. 11007-11028, 1997/12/01 1997, doi: 10.1021/jp972167t.
[71] J. van Strien, O. Escalona-Rayo, W. Jiskoot, B. Slutter, and A. Kros, "Elastin-like polypeptide-based micelles as a promising platform in nanomedicine," J Control Release, vol. 353, pp. 713-726, Jan 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.033.
[72] A. K. Varanko, J. C. Su, and A. Chilkoti, "Elastin-Like Polypeptides for Biomedical Applications," Annu Rev Biomed Eng, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 343-369, Jun 4 2020, doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092419-061127.
[73] E. S. Ron and L. E. Bromberg, "Temperature-responsive gels and thermogelling polymer matrices for protein and peptide delivery," Adv Drug Deliv Rev, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 197-221, May 4 1998, doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(97)00121-x.
[74] S. Chen et al., "Temperature-responsive magnetite/PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer nanoparticles for controlled drug targeting delivery," Langmuir, vol. 23, no. 25, pp. 12669-76, Dec 4 2007, doi: 10.1021/la702049d.
[75] G. Dumortier, J. L. Grossiord, F. Agnely, and J. C. Chaumeil, "A review of poloxamer 407 pharmaceutical and pharmacological characteristics," Pharm Res, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 2709-28, Dec 2006, doi: 10.1007/s11095-006-9104-4.
[76] J. D. Jang, C. Do, J. Bang, Y. S. Han, and T. H. Kim, "Self-Assembly of Temperature Sensitive Unilamellar Vesicles by a Blend of Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solution," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 11, no. 1, p. 63, Jan 4 2019, doi: 10.3390/polym11010063.
[77] A. V. Kabanov, E. V. Batrakova, and V. Y. Alakhov, "Pluronic block copolymers as novel polymer therapeutics for drug and gene delivery," J Control Release, vol. 82, no. 2-3, pp. 189-212, Aug 21 2002, doi: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00009-3.
[78] E. Pinon-Segundo, A. Ganem-Quintanar, J. Rafael Garibay-Bermudez, J. Juan Escobar-Chavez, M. Lopez-Cervantes, and D. Quintanar-Guerrero, "Preparation of nanoparticles by solvent displacement using a novel recirculation system," Pharm Dev Technol, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 493-501, 2006/01 2006, doi: 10.1080/10837450600940824.
[79] A. Sosnik, D. Cohn, J. San Roman, and G. A. Abraham, "Crosslinkable PEO-PPO-PEO-based reverse thermo-responsive gels as potentially injectable materials," J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 227-39, 2003/01 2003, doi: 10.1163/156856203763572680.
[80] M. Li, X. He, Y. Ling, and H. Tang, "Dual thermoresponsive homopolypeptide with LCST-type linkages and UCST-type pendants: Synthesis, characterization, and thermoresponsive properties," Polymer, vol. 132, pp. 264-272, 2017/12 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.016.
[81] G. Vancoillie, D. Frank, and R. Hoogenboom, "Thermoresponsive poly(oligo ethylene glycol acrylates)," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1074-1095, 2014/06 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.02.005.
[82] Y. Yuan et al., "Thermoresponsive polymers with LCST transition: synthesis, characterization, and their impact on biomedical frontiers," RSC Applied Polymers, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 158-189, 2023, doi: 10.1039/d3lp00114h.
[83] S. K. Singh, C. Venugopal, A. A. Adile, and D. Bakhshinyan, "Bmi1 – A Path to Targeting Cancer Stem Cells," European Oncology & Haematology, vol. 13, no. 02, p. 147, 2017, doi: 10.17925/eoh.2017.13.02.147.
[84] R. T. Guntnur, N. Muzzio, M. Morales, and G. Romero, "Phase transition characterization of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) brushes using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation," (in eng), Soft Matter, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 2530-2538, Mar 11 2021, doi: 10.1039/d0sm02169e.
[85] Q. Li, A. P. Constantinou, and T. K. Georgiou, "A library of thermoresponsive PEG‐based methacrylate homopolymers: How do the molar mass and number of ethylene glycol groups affect the cloud point?," Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 230-239, 2020/12/28 2020, doi: 10.1002/pol.20200720.
[86] Q. Li, L. Wang, F. Chen, A. P. Constantinou, and T. K. Georgiou, "Thermoresponsive oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate based copolymers: composition and comonomer effect," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 17, pp. 2506-2518, 2022, doi: 10.1039/d1py01688a.
[87] T. Sarwan, P. Kumar, Y. E. Choonara, and V. Pillay, "Hybrid Thermo-Responsive Polymer Systems and Their Biomedical Applications," Frontiers in Materials, vol. 7, 2020/03/31 2020, doi: 10.3389/fmats.2020.00073.
[88] N. M. Smeets, E. Bakaic, M. Patenaude, and T. Hoare, "Injectable and tunable poly(ethylene glycol) analogue hydrogels based on poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate)," Chem Commun (Camb), vol. 50, no. 25, pp. 3306-9, Mar 28 2014, doi: 10.1039/c3cc48514e.
[89] N. Sood, A. Bhardwaj, S. Mehta, and A. Mehta, "Stimuli-responsive hydrogels in drug delivery and tissue engineering," Drug Deliv, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 758-80, 2014/07/21 2016, doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.940091.
[90] J. O. Zoppe, N. C. Ataman, P. Mocny, J. Wang, J. Moraes, and H. A. Klok, "Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes," Chem Rev, vol. 117, no. 3, pp. 1105-1318, Feb 8 2017, doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314.
[91] Y. Liuxin, W. Faming, R. Pengfei, Z. Tianzhu, and Z. Qianli, "Poly(2-oxazoline)s: synthesis and biomedical applications," Macromolecular Research, vol. 31, pp. 413 - 426 , publication_type = article, 2023.
[92] "Nitrile-Functionalized Poly(2-oxazoline)s as a Versatile Platform for the Development of Polymer Therapeutics," ed: American Chemical Society (ACS).
[93] "Poly(2-oxazoline)-Based Thermoresponsive Stomatocytes," ed: American Chemical Society (ACS).
[94] J. An, X. Liu, P. Linse, A. Dedinaite, F. M. Winnik, and P. M. Claesson, "Tethered poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) chains: temperature effects on layer structure and interactions probed by AFM experiments and modeling," Langmuir, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 3039-48, Mar 17 2015, doi: 10.1021/la504653w.
[95] R. Hoogenboom and H. Schlaad, "Thermoresponsive poly(2-oxazoline)s, polypeptoids, and polypeptides," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 24-40, 2017, doi: 10.1039/c6py01320a.
[96] A. Lusina, T. Nazim, and M. Ceglowski, "Poly(2-oxazoline)s as Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Developments of Polish Scientists," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 14, no. 19, p. 4176, Oct 5 2022, doi: 10.3390/polym14194176.
[97] P. Mi, "Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery, tumor imaging, therapy and theranostics," (in eng), Theranostics, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 4557-4588, 2020, doi: 10.7150/thno.38069.
[98] Z. Varanaraja, N. Hollingsworth, R. Green, and C. R. Becer, "Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)-Based Copolymer Library with a Thermoresponsive Behavior in Dodecane," ACS Applied Polymer Materials, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 5158-5168, 2023/06/07 2023, doi: 10.1021/acsapm.3c00625.
[99] T. Yue, L. Jiahui, L. Chen, S. Jialin, L. Kang, and Z. Chuanzhuang, "Poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide-co-N-acryloxysuccinimide) Nanoparticles: Tunable Thermo-Responsiveness and Improved Bio-Interfacial Adhesion for Cell Function Regulation.," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 15, pp. 7867 - 7877 , publication_type = article, 2023.
[100] N. Majstorović, M. Zahedtalaban, and S. Agarwal, "Printable Poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) Nanocomposite Hydrogel Formulations," Polymer Journal, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 1085-1095, 2023/06/19 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41428-023-00798-1.
[101] J. Seuring, F. M. Bayer, K. Huber, and S. Agarwal, "Upper Critical Solution Temperature of Poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) in Water: A Concealed Property," Macromolecules, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 374-384, 2011/12/16 2011, doi: 10.1021/ma202059t.
[102] Y. Tian et al., "Poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide-co-N-acryloxysuccinimide) Nanoparticles: Tunable Thermo-Responsiveness and Improved Bio-Interfacial Adhesion for Cell Function Regulation," ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 7867-7877, Feb 15 2023, doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c22267.
[103] Y. Zhou, M. Ye, H. Zhao, and X. Wang, "3D-printed PNAGA thermosensitive hydrogelbased microrobots: An effective cancer therapy by temperature-triggered drug release," (in eng), Int J Bioprint, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 709, 2023, doi: 10.18063/ijb.709.
[104] K. Abdelrahman, T. Yeit Haan, T. Mohd Sobri, A. Abdul Latif, and A. Muataz Ali, "Recent Developments in Stimuli-Responsive Polymer for Emerging Applications: A Review," Results in engineering, pp. 103900 , publication_type = article, 2025.
[105] S. Li, "Review on development and application of 4D-printing technology in smart textiles," Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, vol. 18, 2023/01 2023, doi: 10.1177/15589250231177448.
[106] L. Ren et al., "4D printing of shape-adaptive tactile sensor with tunable sensing characteristics," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 265, p. 110959, 2023/10 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110959.
[107] Y. O. Waidi, "Recent Advances in 4D-Printed Shape Memory Actuators," Macromol Rapid Commun, vol. 46, no. 10, p. e2401141, May 2025, doi: 10.1002/marc.202401141.
[108] "98% of articles in PMC accessed in one year," ed: Front Matter, 2010.
[109] Q. Chen et al., "Responsive Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites through Thermal-Induced Structural Reorganization," (in eng), ACS Nano, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 6165-6179, Feb 18 2025, doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c14311.
[110] M. S. A. Darwish, M. H. Mostafa, and L. M. Al-Harbi, "Polymeric Nanocomposites for Environmental and Industrial Applications," (in eng), Int J Mol Sci, vol. 23, no. 3, p. 1023, Jan 18 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijms23031023.
[111] L. Klouda and A. G. Mikos, "Thermoresponsive hydrogels in biomedical applications," (in eng), Eur J Pharm Biopharm, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 34-45, Jan 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.02.025.
[112] H. Koide et al., "Engineering Temperature-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles that Load and Release Paclitaxel, a Low-Molecular-Weight Anticancer Drug," (in eng), ACS Omega, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1011-1019, Jan 9 2024, doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07226.
[113] A. Rasool, M. Rizwan, A. ur Rehman Qureshi, T. Rasheed, and M. Bilal, "Thermo-responsive functionalized polymeric nanocomposites," in Smart Polymer Nanocomposites, ed: Elsevier, 2023, pp. 219-240.
[114] M. R. Shah, T. Jabri, and M. Khalid, "Temperature-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery," in Stimuli-Responsive Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery, ed: Elsevier, 2025, pp. 101-125.
[115] R. Esfand and D. A. Tomalia, "Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers: from biomimicry to drug delivery and biomedical applications," Drug Discov Today, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 427-436, Apr 1 2001, doi: 10.1016/s1359-6446(01)01757-3.
[116] I. M. El-Sherbiny, "Enhanced pH-responsive carrier system based on alginate and chemically modified carboxymethyl chitosan for oral delivery of protein drugs: Preparation and in-vitro assessment," Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 1125-1136, 2010/05 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.01.034.
[117] Y. Jun, L. Xiao-yun, Y. Jie, L. Lan, and Z. Liusheng, "pH/TEMPERATURE DUAL STIMULI RESPONSIVE MICROGELS BASED ON INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORK STRUCTURE," Acta Polymerica Sinica, vol. 009, pp. 638 - 644 , publication_type = article, 2009.
[118] F. C. S. R. Ana, V. C. Emanuel, A. P. C. João, A. e. S. Francisca, and G. F. Mara, "Double-Stimuli-Responsive (Temperature and pH) Aqueous Biphasic Systems Comprising Ionic Liquids," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering , publication_type = article, 2023.
[119] S. Dai, P. Ravi, and K. C. Tam, "pH-Responsive polymers: synthesis, properties and applications," Soft Matter, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 435-449, Feb 21 2008, doi: 10.1039/b714741d.
[120] J. Singh and P. Nayak, "pH‐responsive polymers for drug delivery: Trends and opportunities," Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 61, no. 22, pp. 2828-2850, 2023/08/23 2023, doi: 10.1002/pol.20230403.
[121] S. Jagtar and N. Pallavi, "pH‐responsive polymers for drug delivery: Trends and opportunities," Journal of Polymer Science , publication_type = article, 2023.
[122] P. Bawa, V. Pillay, Y. E. Choonara, and L. C. du Toit, "Stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications in drug delivery," Biomed Mater, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 022001, Apr 2009, doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/2/022001.
[123] D. Schmaljohann, "Thermo- and pH-responsive polymers in drug delivery," Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 58, no. 15, pp. 1655-1670, 2006.
[124] F. Liu and M. W. Urban, "Recent advances and challenges in designing stimuli-responsive polymers," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 35, no. 1-2, pp. 3-23, 2010.
[125] S. Kudaibergenov, W. Jaeger, and A. Laschewsky, "Polymeric betaines: Synthesis, characterization, and application," Advances in Polymer Science, vol. 201, pp. 157-224, 2006.
[126] P. Gupta, K. Vermani, and S. Garg, "Hydrogels: From controlled release to pH-responsive drug delivery," Drug Discovery Today, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 569-579, 2002.
[127] G. Dalei and S. Das, "Polyacrylic acid-based drug delivery systems: A comprehensive review on the state-of-art," Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 78, p. 103988, 2022/12 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103988.
[128] W. J. Kim, E. H. Lee, Y. J. Kwon, S. K. Ye, and K. O. Kim, "Targeted drug release system based on pH-responsive PAA-POSS nanoparticles," (in eng), RSC Adv, vol. 12, no. 28, pp. 18209-18214, Jun 14 2022, doi: 10.1039/d2ra01141g.
[129] J. Kong, S. S. Park, and C. S. Ha, "pH-Sensitive Polyacrylic Acid-Gated Mesoporous Silica Nanocarrier Incorporated with Calcium Ions for Controlled Drug Release," (in eng), Materials (Basel), vol. 15, no. 17, p. 5926, Aug 27 2022, doi: 10.3390/ma15175926.
[130] L. S. Lim, I. Ahmad, and A. Mat Lazim, "pH Sensitive Hydrogel Based on Poly(Acrylic Acid) and Cellulose Nanocrystals," Sains Malaysiana, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 779-785, 2015/06/01 2015, doi: 10.17576/jsm-2015-4406-02.
[131] E. S. Paker and M. Senel, "Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Composed of Polyethyleneimine-Grafted Chitosan and Polyacrylic Acid for Controlled-Drug-Delivery Applications," (in eng), J Funct Biomater, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 131, Aug 28 2022, doi: 10.3390/jfb13030131.
[132] S. Pavlukhina, Y. Lu, A. Patimetha, M. Libera, and S. Sukhishvili, "Polymer multilayers with pH-triggered release of antibacterial agents," Biomacromolecules, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 3448-56, Dec 13 2010, doi: 10.1021/bm100975w.
[133] M. Pourmadadi et al., "Polyacrylic acid mediated targeted drug delivery nano-systems: A review," Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 80, p. 104169, 2023/02 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104169.
[134] W. Zhang, X. Hu, F. Jiang, Y. Li, W. Chen, and T. Zhou, "Preparation of bacterial cellulose/acrylic acid-based pH-responsive smart dressings by graft copolymerization method," J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, vol. 35, no. 18, pp. 2767-2789, Dec 2024, doi: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2389689.
[135] D. Sheng, R. Palaniswamy, and T. Kam Chiu, "pH-Responsive polymers: synthesis, properties and applications," Soft Matter, vol. 4, pp. 435 - 449 , publication_type = article, 2008.
[136] P. C. Govind and S. B. Shashwat, "Smart Polymers for Biomedical Applications," vol. 3, pp. 1 , publication_type = article, 2019.
[137] L. Chuanfeng, D. Zhengyu, and R. G. Elizabeth, "Designing polymers with stimuli-responsive degradation for biomedical applications," Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering, vol. 25, pp. 100437 , publication_type = article, 2022.
[138] "pH-Responsive Rheology and Structure of Poly(ethylene oxide)Poly(methacrylic acid) Interpolymer Complexes," ed: American Chemical Society (ACS).
[139] A. Alsuraifi, A. Curtis, D. A. Lamprou, and C. Hoskins, "Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Systems for Cancer Therapy," (in eng), Pharmaceutics, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 136, Aug 22 2018, doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030136.
[140] D. Ha, N. Yang, and V. Nadithe, "Exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers and delivery vehicles across biological membranes: current perspectives and future challenges," (in eng), Acta Pharm Sin B, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 287-96, Jul 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.02.001.
[141] S. Maher, R. J. Mrsny, and D. J. Brayden, "Intestinal permeation enhancers for oral peptide delivery," Adv Drug Deliv Rev, vol. 106, no. Pt B, pp. 277-319, Nov 15 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.005.
[142] O. Ozay, "Synthesis and characterization of novel pH‐responsive poly(2‐hydroxylethyl methacrylate‐co‐N‐allylsuccinamic acid) hydrogels for drug delivery," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 131, no. 1, 2013/08/12 2013, doi: 10.1002/app.39660.
[143] S. Sajeesh and C. P. Sharma, "Novel pH responsive polymethacrylic acid-chitosan-polyethylene glycol nanoparticles for oral peptide delivery," J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 298-305, Feb 2006, doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.30372.
[144] "Reconstruction of Chitosan Network Orders Using the Meniscus Splitting Method for Designing pH-Responsive Materials," ed: American Chemical Society (ACS).
[145] K. Bal, S. Kucukertugrul Celik, S. Senturk, O. Kaplan, E. B. Eker, and M. K. Gok, "Recent progress in chitosan-based nanoparticles for drug delivery: a review on modifications and therapeutic potential," J Drug Target, pp. 1-28, May 14 2025, doi: 10.1080/1061186X.2025.2502956.
[146] S. Bashir, Y. Y. Teo, S. Naeem, S. Ramesh, and K. Ramesh, "pH responsive N-succinyl chitosan/Poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels and in vitro release of 5-fluorouracil," (in eng), PLoS One, vol. 12, no. 7, p. e0179250, 2017, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179250.
[147] H. Hamedi, S. Moradi, S. M. Hudson, A. E. Tonelli, and M. W. King, "Chitosan based bioadhesives for biomedical applications: A review," Carbohydr Polym, vol. 282, p. 119100, Apr 15 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119100.
[148] R. Heras-Mozos, R. Gavara, and P. Hernandez-Munoz, "Chitosan films as pH-responsive sustained release systems of naturally occurring antifungal volatile compounds," Carbohydr Polym, vol. 283, p. 119137, May 1 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119137.
[149] K. M. Huh, H.-M. Pham, C. Joo, M. J. Ferdous, I. Ali, and S.-W. Kang, "Synthesis and Characterization Of N-Octanoyl Glycol Chitosan as a Novel Temperature and Ph-Sensitive Injectable Hydrogel for Biomedical Applications," ed: Elsevier BV, 2025.
[150] S. Kaur and P. Baptista, "Advances in strategies for liver regeneration and replacement," Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering, vol. 31, p. 100549, 2024/09 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100549.
[151] N. Khatibi, M. R. Naimi-Jamal, S. Balalaie, and A. Shokoohmand, "Development and evaluation of a pH-sensitive, naturally crosslinked alginate-chitosan hydrogel for drug delivery applications," Frontiers in Biomaterials Science, vol. 3, 2024/11/01 2024, doi: 10.3389/fbiom.2024.1457540.
[152] P. C. McCarthy, Y. Zhang, and F. Abebe, "Recent Applications of Dual-Stimuli Responsive Chitosan Hydrogel Nanocomposites as Drug Delivery Tools," (in eng), Molecules, vol. 26, no. 16, p. 4735, Aug 5 2021, doi: 10.3390/molecules26164735.
[153] S. Ramezanian, J. Moghaddas, H. Roghani-Mamaqani, and A. Rezamand, "Dual pH- and temperature-responsive poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a smart drug delivery system," Sci Rep, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 20194, Nov 18 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47026-7.
[154] Y.-N. Xu, Z.-Y. Liu, J. Xu, and Y. Cheng, "pH-Responsive Polymer Nanomaterials for Tumor Therapy," Front Chem, vol. 10, p. 876173, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.876173.
[155] P. Pandey et al., "Tumor Microenvironment-Stimuli Responsive Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy," Front Bioeng Biotechnol, vol. 8, p. 603701, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.603701.
[156] J. X. Zhong, J. R. Clegg, E. W. Ander, and N. A. Peppas, "Tunable poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) nanoparticles through inverse emulsion polymerization," J Biomed Mater Res A, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1677-1686, Jun 2018, doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.36371.
[157] B. Jeong and A. Gutowska, "Lessons from nature: Stimuli-responsive polymers and their biomedical applications," Trends in Biotechnology, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 305-311, 2002.
[158] N. A. Peppas, P. Bures, W. Leobandung, and H. Ichikawa, "Hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations," European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 27-46, 2000.
[159] L. D. Taylor and L. D. Cerankowski, "Preparation of films exhibiting a balanced temperature dependence to permeation by aqueous solutions—A study of lower consolute behavior," Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 2551-2570, 1975.
[160] X. Yin, A. S. Hoffman, and P. S. Stayton, "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-propylacrylic acid) copolymers that respond sharply to temperature and pH," Biomacromolecules, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1381-1385, 2006.
[161] G. Chen and A. S. Hoffman, "Graft copolymers that exhibit temperature-induced phase transitions over a wide range of pH," Nature, vol. 373, no. 6509, pp. 49-52, 1995.
[162] E. Ruel-Gariépy and J. C. Leroux, "In situ-forming hydrogels—Review of temperature-sensitive systems," European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 409-426, 2004.
[163] M. Wei, Y. Gao, X. Li, and M. J. Serpe, "Stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 127-143, 2017.
[164] N. Deirram, C. Zhang, S. S. Kermaniyan, A. P. R. Johnston, and G. K. Such, "pH-responsive polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery," Macromolecular Rapid Communications, vol. 40, no. 10, 2019.
[165] M. Karimi et al., "Temperature-responsive smart nanocarriers for delivery of therapeutic agents: Applications and recent advances," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 8, no. 33, pp. 21107-21133, 2016.
[166] K. S. Soppimath, D. W. Tan, and Y. Y. Yang, "pH-triggered thermally responsive polymer core–shell nanoparticles for drug delivery," Advanced Materials, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 318-323, 2007.
[167] Z. Y. Qiao, R. Zhang, F. S. Du, D. H. Liang, and Z. C. Li, "Multi-responsive nanogels containing motifs of ortho ester, oligo(ethylene glycol) and disulfide linkage as carriers of hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs," Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 57-66, 2011.
[168] S. Thakral, N. K. Thakral, and D. K. Majumdar, "Eudragit: A technology evaluation," Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 131-149, 2013.
[169] J. M. Knipe and N. A. Peppas, "Multi-responsive hydrogels for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications," Regenerative Biomaterials, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 57-65, 2015.
[170] N. Zhang et al., "Nanocomposite hydrogel incorporating gold nanorods and paclitaxel-loaded chitosan micelles for combination photothermal-chemotherapy," International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 497, no. 1-2, pp. 210-221, 2021.
[171] L. Tang, Y. Yang, T. Bai, and W. Liu, "Robust MeO2MA/vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine copolymer hydrogels-mediated reverse gene transfection and thermo-induced cell detachment," Biomaterials, vol. 32, no. 34, pp. 7435-7443, 2017.
[172] Y. Li, Y. Wang, G. Huang, and J. Gao, "Cooperativity principles in self-assembled nanomedicine," Chemical Reviews, vol. 118, no. 11, pp. 5359-5391, 2019.
[173] A. Hervault et al., "Doxorubicin loaded dual pH- and thermo-responsive magnetic nanocarrier for combined magnetic hyperthermia and targeted controlled drug delivery applications," Nanoscale, vol. 8, no. 24, pp. 12152-12161, 2016.
[174] L. A. Schneider, A. Korber, S. Grabbe, and J. Dissemond, "Influence of pH on wound-healing: A new perspective for wound-therapy?," Archives of Dermatological Research, vol. 298, no. 9, pp. 413-420, 2007.
[175] G. Power, Z. Moore, and T. O’Connor, "Measurement of pH, exudate composition and temperature in wound healing: A systematic review," Journal of Wound Care, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 381-397, 2017.
[176] J. Qu, X. Zhao, P. X. Ma, and B. Guo, "Injectable antibacterial conductive hydrogels with dual response to an electric field and pH for localized “smart” drug release," Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 72, pp. 55-69, 2018.
[177] J. Koehler, F. P. Brandl, and A. M. Goepferich, "Hydrogel wound dressings for bioactive treatment of acute and chronic wounds," European Polymer Journal, vol. 100, pp. 1-11, 2018.
[178] B. Jeong, S. W. Kim, and Y. H. Bae, "Thermosensitive sol–gel reversible hydrogels," Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 64, pp. 154-162, 2012.
[179] L. Klouda, "Thermoresponsive hydrogels in biomedical applications: A seven-year update," European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, vol. 97, pp. 338-349, 2015.
[180] K. L. Spiller, S. A. Maher, and A. M. Lowman, "Hydrogels for the repair of articular cartilage defects," Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 281-299, 2011.
[181] L. Wang et al., "Visual in vivo degradation of injectable hydrogel by real-time and non-invasive tracking using carbon nanodots as fluorescent indicator," Biomaterials, vol. 145, pp. 192-206, 2020.
[182] H. Wang, S. C. Heilshorn, and Y. Yang, "Adaptable hydrogel networks with reversible linkages for tissue engineering," Advanced Materials, vol. 27, no. 25, pp. 3717-3736, 2018.
[183] D. L. Taylor and M. in het Panhuis, "Self-healing hydrogels," Advanced Materials, vol. 28, no. 41, pp. 9060-9093, 2016.
[184] T. P. Richardson, M. C. Peters, A. B. Ennett, and D. J. Mooney, "Polymeric system for dual growth factor delivery," Nature Biotechnology, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 1029-1034, 2019.
[185] M. R. Islam and M. J. Serpe, "Polyelectrolyte mediated intra and intermolecular crosslinking in microgel-based etalons for sensing protein concentration in solution," Chemical Communications, vol. 49, no. 33, pp. 2646-2648, 2013.
[186] H. R. Culver, J. R. Clegg, and N. A. Peppas, "Analyte-responsive hydrogels: Intelligent materials for biosensing and drug delivery," Accounts of Chemical Research, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 170-178, 2017.
[187] V. L. Alexeev et al., "High ionic strength glucose-sensing photonic crystal," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 1310-1314, 2004.
[188] J. Zhang, N. A. Peppas, and Y. Lin, "Synthesis and characterization of pH- and temperature-sensitive poly(methacrylic acid)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) interpenetrating polymeric networks," Macromolecules, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 102-107, 2019.
[189] F. Kuralay, S. Demirci, M. Kiristi, L. Oksuz, and A. U. Oksuz, "Poly(3-methylthiophene) thin films deposited electrochemically on platinum electrodes for electrochemical DNA biosensing," Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 123, pp. 685-691, 2016.
[190] X. Liu, Y. Zhao, F. Li, and B. Liu, "Biodegradable polymeric micelles for targeted and pH-responsive drug delivery," Journal of Materials Chemistry B, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 852-867, 2020.
[191] A. Weltin et al., "Cell culture monitoring for drug screening and cancer research: A transparent, microfluidic, multi-sensor microsystem," Lab on a Chip, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 138-146, 2014.
[192] S. Frost and M. Ulbricht, "Thermoresponsive ultrafiltration membranes for the switchable permeation and fractionation of nanoparticles," Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 448, pp. 1-11, 2013.
[193] S. Darvishmanesh, J. Degrève, and B. Van der Bruggen, "Mechanisms of solute rejection in solvent resistant nanofiltration: The effect of solvent on solute rejection," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 12, no. 40, pp. 13333-13342, 2011.
[194] T. Xiang, T. Lu, Y. Chen, and W. Zhao, "Effect of coagulation bath conditions on the morphology and performance of PSf membrane blended with a capsaicin-mimic copolymer," Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 520, pp. 120-130, 2017.
[195] D. J. Miller, D. R. Dreyer, C. W. Bielawski, D. R. Paul, and B. D. Freeman, "Surface modification of water purification membranes," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 56, no. 17, pp. 4662-4711, 2017.
[196] X. Zhu, Y. Su, and Z. Jiang, "A novel dual-layer forward osmosis membrane for protein enrichment and concentration," Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 69, pp. 269-277, 2018.
[197] A. Vanangamudi, M. Patel, J. Patel, and G. Singh, "Synthesis of dual stimuli responsive nanogels by click chemistry," European Polymer Journal, vol. 59, pp. 22-35, 2015.
[198] K. Nagase, M. Yamato, H. Kanazawa, and T. Okano, "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based thermoresponsive surfaces provide new types of biomedical applications," Biomaterials, vol. 153, pp. 27-48, 2016.
[199] A. Lopez, J. Liu, S. Hong, J. Deng, X. Zhuang, and X. Chen, "Dual pH and temperature responsive helical copolymer libraries," Macromolecules, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 3430-3438, 2019.
[200] W. Li et al., "Antitumor drug delivery modulated by a polymeric micelle with an upper critical solution temperature," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 3126-3131, 2021.
[201] D. Gao, J. Liu, H. B. Wei, H. F. Li, G. S. Guo, and J. H. Zhang, "A microfluidic approach for anticancer drug analysis based on hydrogel encapsulated tumor cells," Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 665, no. 1, pp. 7-14, 2020.
[202] N. H. Aloorkar, A. S. Kulkarni, R. A. Patil, and D. J. Ingale, "Star polymers: An overview," International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1675-1684, 2012.
[203] A. S. Hoffman, "Stimuli-responsive polymers: Biomedical applications and challenges for clinical translation," Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 10-16, 2013.
[204] W. B. Liechty, D. R. Kryscio, B. V. Slaughter, and N. A. Peppas, "Polymers for drug delivery systems," Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 149-173, 2010.
[205] P. Schattling, F. D. Jochum, and P. Theato, "Multi-stimuli responsive polymers–the all-in-one talents," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 25-36, 2014.
[206] Y. Gao, A. Ahiabu, and M. J. Serpe, "Controlled drug release from the aggregation-disaggregation behavior of pH-responsive microgels," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 13749-13756, 2016.
[207] R. Yoshida et al., "Comb-type grafted hydrogels with rapid de-swelling response to temperature changes," Nature, vol. 374, no. 6519, pp. 240-242, 2013.
[208] M. A. C. Stuart et al., "Emerging applications of stimuli-responsive polymer materials," Nature Materials, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 101-113, 2010.
[209] M. Motornov, Y. Roiter, I. Tokarev, and S. Minko, "Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, nanogels and capsules for integrated multifunctional intelligent systems," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 35, no. 1-2, pp. 174-211, 2010.
[210] M. I. Gibson and R. K. O’Reilly, "To aggregate, or not to aggregate? Considerations in the design and application of polymeric thermally-responsive nanoparticles," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 42, no. 17, pp. 7204-7213, 2013.
[211] D. Roy, W. L. Brooks, and B. S. Sumerlin, "New directions in thermoresponsive polymers," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 42, no. 17, pp. 7214-7243, 2013.
[212] J. Zhuang, M. R. Gordon, J. Ventura, L. Li, and S. Thayumanavan, "Multi-stimuli responsive macromolecules and their assemblies," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 42, no. 17, pp. 7421-7435, 2013.
[213] K. Knop, R. Hoogenboom, D. Fischer, and U. S. Schubert, "Poly(ethylene glycol) in drug delivery: Pros and cons as well as potential alternatives," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 49, no. 36, pp. 6288-6308, 2010.
[214] A. Vashist, A. Vashist, Y. K. Gupta, and S. Ahmad, "Recent advances in hydrogel based drug delivery systems for the human body," Journal of Materials Chemistry B, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 147-166, 2014.
[215] M. A. Ward and T. K. Georgiou, "Thermoresponsive polymers for biomedical applications," Polymers (Basel), vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1215-1242, 2011.
[216] J. Chen, M. Liu, H. Liu, and L. Ma, "Synthesis, swelling and drug release behavior of poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide-co-N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide) hydrogel," Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 2116-2123, 2018.
[217] A. Halperin, M. Kröger, and F. M. Winnik, "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) phase diagrams: Fifty years of research," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 54, no. 51, pp. 15342-15367, 2015.
[218] Q. Zhang, C. Weber, U. S. Schubert, and R. Hoogenboom, "Thermoresponsive polymers with lower critical solution temperature: From fundamental aspects and measuring techniques to recommended turbidimetry conditions," Materials Horizons, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 109-116, 2015.
[219] D. J. Keddie, "A guide to the synthesis of block copolymers using reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 496-505, 2014.
[220] K. Parkatzidis, H. S. Wang, N. P. Truong, and A. Anastasaki, "Recent developments and future challenges in controlled radical polymerization: A 2020 update," Chem, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 1575-1588, 2020.
[221] M. R. Aguilar and J. San Román, Smart polymers and their applications. Woodhead Publishing, 2014.
[222] A. K. Bajpai, S. K. Shukla, S. Bhanu, and S. Kankane, "Responsive polymers in controlled drug delivery," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1088-1118, 2008.
[223] S. Schweizerhof, D. E. Demco, A. Mourran, R. Fechete, and M. Möller, "pH-responsive hydrogels based on polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid semi-interpenetrating polymer networks studied by 1H solid-state NMR spectroscopy," Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, vol. 218, no. 7, 2017.
[224] M. C. Koetting, J. T. Peters, S. D. Steichen, and N. A. Peppas, "Stimulus-responsive hydrogels: Theory, modern advances, and applications," Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, vol. 93, pp. 1-49, 2015.
[225] S. Naahidi, M. Jafari, F. Edalat, K. Raymond, A. Khademhosseini, and P. Chen, "Biocompatibility of engineered nanoparticles for drug delivery," Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 166, no. 2, pp. 182-194, 2013.
[226] M. J. Webber, E. A. Appel, E. W. Meijer, and R. Langer, "Supramolecular biomaterials," Nature Materials, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 13-26, 2016.
[227] S. Shiguo, "Recent Advances of Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy," vol. 3, 2017.
[228] S. Jing, C. Feng, L. C. Vincent, and B. M. Phillip, "Catechol Polymers for pH-Responsive, Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 133, pp. 11850 - 11853 , publication_type = article, 2011.
[229] G. Fei, Y. Jianhui, C. Yan, G. Changyong, H. Honggang, and S. Jiacan, "Recent advances in aptamer-based targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy," Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology , publication_type = article, vol. 10, 2022.
[230] C. Shunli, S. Xiaolu, T. Ye, and G. Feng Tao, "pH-Responsive Polymer Nanomaterials for Tumor Therapy," Frontiers in Oncology , publication_type = article, vol. 12, 2022.
[231] S. Dai, P. Ravi, and K. C. Tam, "Stimuli-responsive polymers based on polyglycidyl methacrylate," Soft Matter, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1847-1860, 2020.
[232] Z. L. Pianowski, "Recent implementations of molecular photoswitches into smart materials and biological systems," Chemistry - A European Journal, vol. 25, no. 20, pp. 5128-5144, 2019.
[233] O. Bertrand and J. F. Gohy, "Photo-responsive polymers: Synthesis and applications," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 52-73, 2017.
[234] Y. Zhang, J. Yu, H. N. Bomba, Y. Zhu, and Z. Gu, "Mechanical force-triggered drug delivery," Chemical Reviews, vol. 116, no. 19, pp. 12536-12563, 2021.
[235] A. Goulet-Hanssens, F. Eisenreich, and S. Hecht, "Enlightening materials with photoswitches," Advanced Materials, vol. 32, no. 20, p. 1905966, 2020.
[236] K. Palczewski, "G protein–coupled receptor rhodopsin," Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol. 75, pp. 743-767, 2006.
[237] O. P. Ernst, D. T. Lodowski, M. Elstner, P. Hegemann, L. S. Brown, and H. Kandori, "Microbial and animal rhodopsins: Structures, functions, and molecular mechanisms," Chemical Reviews, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 126-163, 2014.
[238] H. Kandori, "Light-driven sodium-pumping rhodopsin: A new concept of active transport," Chemical Reviews, vol. 118, no. 21, pp. 10646-10658, 2015.
[239] Y. Shichida and T. Matsuyama, "Evolution of opsins and phototransduction," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, vol. 364, no. 1531, pp. 2881-2895, 2009.
[240] A. Terakita, "The opsins," Genome Biology, vol. 6, no. 3, 2005.
[241] N. C. Rockwell, Y. S. Su, and J. C. Lagarias, "Phytochrome structure and signaling mechanisms," Annual Review of Plant Biology, vol. 57, pp. 837-858, 2006.
[242] K. A. Franklin and P. H. Quail, "Phytochrome functions in Arabidopsis development," Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 11-24, 2010.
[243] E. S. Burgie and R. D. Vierstra, "Phytochromes: An atomic perspective on photoactivation and signaling," The Plant Cell, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 4568-4583, 2014.
[244] M. Chen, J. Chory, and C. Fankhauser, "Light signal transduction in higher plants," Annual Review of Genetics, vol. 38, pp. 87-117, 2004.
[245] J. J. Casal, "Photoreceptor signaling networks in plant responses to shade," Annual Review of Plant Biology, vol. 64, pp. 403-427, 2013.
[246] J. Hughes, "Phytochrome cytoplasmic signaling," Annual Review of Plant Biology, vol. 64, pp. 377-402, 2013.
[247] N. Nelson and C. F. Yocum, "Structure and function of photosystems I and II," Annual Review of Plant Biology, vol. 57, pp. 521-565, 2006.
[248] R. E. Blankenship, Molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis. Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.
[249] R. Croce and H. van Amerongen, "Natural strategies for photosynthetic light harvesting," Nature Chemical Biology, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 492-501, 2014.
[250] J. Barber, "Photosynthetic energy conversion: Natural and artificial," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 185-196, 2009.
[251] Y. Umena, K. Kawakami, J. R. Shen, and N. Kamiya, "Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II at a resolution of 1.9 Å," Nature, vol. 473, no. 7345, pp. 55-60, 2011.
[252] J. K. Lanyi, "Bacteriorhodopsin," Annual Review of Physiology, vol. 66, pp. 665-688, 2004.
[253] M. Grote and M. A. O’Malley, "Enlightening the life sciences: The history of halobacterial and microbial rhodopsin research," FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1082-1099, 2011.
[254] K. Inoue et al., "A light-driven sodium ion pump in marine bacteria," Nat Commun, vol. 4, 2013.
[255] J. M. Christie, L. Blackwood, J. Petersen, and S. Sullivan, "Plant flavoprotein photoreceptors," Plant and Cell Physiology, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 401-413, 2015.
[256] J. Herrou and S. Crosson, "Function, structure and mechanism of bacterial photosensory LOV proteins," Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 713-723, 2011.
[257] T. E. Swartz et al., "The photocycle of a flavin-binding domain of the blue light photoreceptor phototropin," Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 276, no. 39, pp. 36493-36500, 2001.
[258] A. Möglich, R. A. Ayers, and K. Moffat, "Structure and signaling mechanism of Per-ARNT-Sim domains," Structure, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 1282-1294, 2009.
[259] A. Pudasaini, K. K. El-Arab, and B. D. Zoltowski, "LOV-based optogenetic devices: Light-driven modules to impart photoregulated control of cellular signaling," Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, vol. 2, 2015.
[260] M. d’Ischia et al., "Melanins and melanogenesis: Methods, standards, protocols," Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 616-633, 2013.
[261] F. Solano, "Melanins: Skin pigments and much more—types, structural models, biological functions, and formation routes," New Journal of Science, vol. 2014, 2014.
[262] M. Brenner and V. J. Hearing, "The protective role of melanin against UV damage in human skin," Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 539-549, 2008.
[263] P. Meredith and T. Sarna, "The physical and chemical properties of eumelanin," Pigment Cell Research, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 572-594, 2006.
[264] B. A. Gilchrest, H. Y. Park, M. S. Eller, and M. Yaar, "Mechanisms of ultraviolet light-induced pigmentation," Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 1996.
[265] F. Rouzaud, A. L. Kadekaro, Z. A. Abdel-Malek, and V. J. Hearing, "MC1R and the response of melanocytes to ultraviolet radiation," Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, vol. 571, no. 1-2, pp. 133-152, 2005.
[266] L. M. Mäthger, E. J. Denton, N. J. Marshall, and R. T. Hanlon, "Mechanisms and behavioural functions of structural coloration in cephalopods," Journal of the Royal Society Interface, vol. 6, no. Suppl 2, pp. S149-S163, 2012.
[267] D. Stuart-Fox and A. Moussalli, "Camouflage, communication and thermoregulation: Lessons from colour changing organisms," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, vol. 364, no. 1516, pp. 463-470, 2009.
[268] J. Teyssier, S. V. Saenko, D. Van Der Marel, and M. C. Milinkovitch, "Photonic crystals cause active colour change in chameleons," Nat Commun, vol. 6, 2015.
[269] B. Baroli, "Photopolymerization of biomaterials: Issues and potentialities in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cell encapsulation applications," Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 491-499, 2006.
[270] K. T. Nguyen, J. L. West, and R. Langer, "Photopolymerizable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications," Biomaterials, vol. 23, no. 22, pp. 4307-4314, 2018.
[271] J. Ralph et al., "Lignins: Natural polymers from oxidative coupling of 4-hydroxyphenyl-propanoids," Phytochemistry Reviews, vol. 3, no. 1-2, pp. 29-60, 2004.
[272] R. Vanholme, B. Demedts, K. Morreel, J. Ralph, and W. Boerjan, "Lignin biosynthesis and structure," Plant Physiology, vol. 153, no. 3, pp. 895-905, 2010.
[273] U. Takahama and T. Oniki, "A peroxidase/phenolics/ascorbate system can scavenge hydrogen peroxide in plant cells," Physiologia Plantarum, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 845-852, 1997.
[274] A. R. Barceló, "Lignification in plant cell walls," International Review of Cytology, vol. 176, pp. 87-132, 1997.
[275] L. O. Björn, Photobiology: The science of light and life. Springer, 2015.
[276] L. Schmermund et al., "Photo-biocatalysis: Biotransformations in the presence of light," ACS Catalysis, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 4115-4144, 2019.
[277] T. A. König et al., "Electrically tunable plasmonic behavior of nanocube–polymer nanomaterials induced by a redox-active electrochromic polymer," ACS Nano, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 6182-6191, 2019.
[278] A. Goulet-Hanssens, F. Eisenreich, and S. Hecht, "Enlightening materials with photoswitches," Advanced Materials, vol. 32, no. 20, 2020.
[279] N. Corrigan, J. Yeow, P. Judzewitsch, J. Xu, and C. Boyer, "Seeing the light: Advancing materials chemistry through photopolymerization," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 58, no. 16, pp. 5170-5189, 2019.
[280] V. X. Truong, K. Ehrmann, M. Seifermann, P. A. Levkin, and C. Barner-Kowollik, "Wavelength orthogonal photodynamic networks," Chemistry–A European Journal, vol. 28, no. 11, 2022.
[281] K. Jiang, S. Zhang, Y. Wei, Y. Liu, and S. Liu, "Security printing based on stimuli-responsive polymers," Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 213-219, 2020.
[282] F. Zhang, K. A. Timm, K. M. Arndt, and G. A. Woolley, "Photocontrol of coiled-coil proteins in living cells," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 49, no. 22, pp. 3943-3946, 2021.
[283] J. F. Lutz, M. Ouchi, D. R. Liu, and M. Sawamoto, "Sequence-controlled polymers," Science, vol. 341, no. 6146, 2013.
[284] H. Colquhoun and J. F. Lutz, "Information-containing macromolecules," Nature Chemistry, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 455-456, 2014.
[285] S. Chatani, C. J. Kloxin, and C. N. Bowman, "The power of light in polymer science: Photochemical processes to manipulate polymer formation, structure, and properties," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 2187-2201, 2014.
[286] A. M. Kloxin, A. M. Kasko, C. N. Salinas, and K. S. Anseth, "Photodegradable hydrogels for dynamic tuning of physical and chemical properties," Science, vol. 324, no. 5923, pp. 59-63, 2009.
[287] Y. Yagci, S. Jockusch, and N. J. Turro, "Photoinitiated polymerization: Advances, challenges, and opportunities," Macromolecules, vol. 43, no. 15, pp. 6245-6260, 2010.
[288] S. Dadashi-Silab, S. Doran, and Y. Yagci, "Photoinduced electron transfer reactions for macromolecular syntheses," Chemical Reviews, vol. 116, no. 17, pp. 10212-10275, 2016.
[289] L. Li, J. M. Scheiger, and P. A. Levkin, "Design and applications of photoresponsive hydrogels," Advanced Materials, vol. 31, no. 26, 2019.
[290] E. R. Ruskowitz and C. A. DeForest, "Photoresponsive biomaterials for targeted drug delivery and 4D cell culture," Nature Reviews Materials, vol. 3, no. 2, 2018.
[291] J. Liu and M. W. Urban, "Recent advances and challenges in designing stimuli-responsive polymers," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 35, no. 1-2, pp. 3-23, 2010.
[292] S. Wang, M. W. Urban, and W. Wang, "Light-responsive polymer materials: Properties and applications," Progress in Materials Science, vol. 128, 2022.
[293] M. Irie, T. Fukaminato, K. Matsuda, and S. Kobatake, "Photochromism of diarylethene molecules and crystals: Memories, switches, and actuators," Chemical Reviews, vol. 114, no. 24, pp. 12174-12277, 2014.
[294] H. Jinming and L. Shiyong, "Responsive Polymers for Detection and Sensing Applications: Current Status and Future Developments," Macromolecules, vol. 43, pp. 8315 - 8330 , publication_type = article, 2010.
[295] M. M. Russew and S. Hecht, "Photoswitches: From molecules to materials," Advanced Materials, vol. 22, no. 31, pp. 3348-3360, 2010.
[296] F. D. Jochum and P. Theato, "Temperature- and light-responsive smart polymer materials," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 42, no. 17, pp. 7468-7483, 2013.
[297] S. Dolui, B. Sahu, and S. Banerjee, "Stimuli‐Responsive Functional Polymeric Materials: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives," Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, vol. 226, no. 12, 2025/01/27 2025, doi: 10.1002/macp.202400472.
[298] D. Roy, J. N. Cambre, and B. S. Sumerlin, "Future perspectives and recent advances in stimuli-responsive materials," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 35, no. 1-2, pp. 278-301, 2010/01 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.10.008.
[299] N. F. Konig, A. Al Ouahabi, L. Oswald, R. Szweda, L. Charles, and J. F. Lutz, "Photo-editable macromolecular information," (in eng), Nat Commun, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 3774, Sep 4 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11566-2.
[300] L. Wang et al., "Visible light-controlled living cationic polymerization of methoxystyrene," (in eng), Nat Commun, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 3621, Jun 24 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31359-4.
[301] A. H. Torbati, R. T. Mather, J. E. Reeder, and P. T. Mather, "Fabrication of a light-emitting shape memory polymeric web containing indocyanine green," J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 1236-43, Aug 2014, doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.33107.
[302] K. M. Herbert, S. Schrettl, S. J. Rowan, and C. Weder, "50th Anniversary Perspective: Solid-State Multistimuli, Multiresponsive Polymeric Materials," Macromolecules, vol. 50, no. 22, pp. 8845-8870, 2017/11/02 2017, doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01607.
[303] S. Wang, Q. Liu, L. Li, and M. W. Urban, "Recent Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Commodity Polymers," Macromol Rapid Commun, vol. 42, no. 18, p. e2100054, Sep 2021, doi: 10.1002/marc.202100054.
[304] H. M. D. Bandara and S. C. Burdette, "Photoisomerization in different classes of azobenzene," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1809-1825, 2012.
[305] P. Klán et al., "Photoremovable protecting groups in chemistry and biology: Reaction mechanisms and efficacy," Chemical Reviews, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 119-191, 2013.
[306] S. R. Trenor, A. R. Shultz, B. J. Love, and T. E. Long, "Coumarins in polymers: From light harvesting to photo-cross-linkable tissue scaffolds," Chemical Reviews, vol. 104, no. 6, pp. 3059-3077, 2004.
[307] N. Corrigan, S. Shanmugam, J. Xu, and C. Boyer, "Photocatalysis in organic and polymer synthesis," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 3365-3424, 2019.
[308] V. V. Jerca, F. A. Jerca, and R. Hoogenboom, "Advances and opportunities in the exciting world of azobenzenes," Nature Reviews Materials, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 18003, 2018.
[309] E. Merino and M. Ribagorda, "Control over molecular motion using the cis-trans photoisomerization of the azo group," Beilstein J Org Chem, vol. 8, pp. 1071-1090, 2012.
[310] R. Klajn, "Spiropyran-based dynamic materials," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 148-184, 2014.
[311] H. Zhao, E. S. Sterner, E. B. Coughlin, and P. Theato, "o-Nitrobenzyl alcohol derivatives: Opportunities in polymer and materials science," Macromolecules, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 1723-1736, 2012.
[312] P. Klan, A. P. Pelliccioli, T. Pospíšil, and J. Wirz, "2,5-Dimethylphenacyl: A new photoreleasable protecting group for carboxylic acids and alcohols," Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 920-923, 2006.
[313] T. J. White and D. J. Broer, "Programmable and adaptive mechanics with liquid crystal polymer networks and elastomers," Nature Materials, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1087-1098, 2015.
[314] I. Tomatsu, K. Peng, and A. Kros, "Photoresponsive hydrogels for biomedical applications," Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 63, no. 14-15, pp. 1257-1266, 2011.
[315] J. García-Amorós and D. Velasco, "Recent advances towards azobenzene-based light-driven real-time information-transmitting materials," Beilstein J Org Chem, vol. 8, pp. 1003-1017, 2012.
[316] L. Kortekaas and W. R. Browne, "The evolution of spiropyran: Fundamentals and progress of an extraordinarily versatile photochrome," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 3406-3424, 2019.
[317] Y. Chen and Z. Guan, "Self-healing polymeric materials using epoxy/mercaptan system," Polymer, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1767-1776, 2012.
[318] Y. Zhao, "Photocontrollable block copolymer micelles: What can we control?," J Mater Chem, vol. 19, no. 28, pp. 4887-4895, 2009.
[319] B. Yan, J. C. Boyer, N. R. Branda, and Y. Zhao, "Near-infrared light-triggered dissociation of block copolymer micelles using upconverting nanoparticles," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 133, no. 49, pp. 19714-19717, 2011.
[320] K. Yue, G. Trujillo-de Santiago, M. M. Alvarez, A. Tamayol, N. Annabi, and A. Khademhosseini, "Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels," Biomaterials, vol. 73, pp. 254-271, 2015.
[321] X. Li, J. F. Lovell, J. Yoon, and X. Chen, "Clinical development and potential of photothermal and photodynamic therapies for cancer," Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 657-674, 2019.
[322] "Correction to DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807920," Adv Mater, vol. 31, no. 21, p. e1901049, May 2019, doi: 10.1002/adma.201901049.
[323] H. M. Bandara and S. C. Burdette, "Photoisomerization in different classes of azobenzene," Chem Soc Rev, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1809-25, Mar 7 2012, doi: 10.1039/c1cs15179g.
[324] M. Baroncini, G. Ragazzon, S. Silvi, M. Venturi, and A. Credi, "The eternal youth of azobenzene: new photoactive molecular and supramolecular devices," Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 87, no. 6, pp. 537-545, 2015/01/14 2015, doi: 10.1515/pac-2014-0903.
[325] T. Ikeda and O. Tsutsumi, "Optical switching and image storage by means of azobenzene liquid-crystal films," Science, vol. 268, no. 5219, pp. 1873-5, Jun 30 1995, doi: 10.1126/science.268.5219.1873.
[326] G. S. Kumar and D. C. Neckers, "Photochemistry of azobenzene-containing polymers," Chemical Reviews, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 1915-1925, 1989/12/01 2002, doi: 10.1021/cr00098a012.
[327] A. Natansohn and P. Rochon, "Photoinduced motions in azo-containing polymers," Chem Rev, vol. 102, no. 11, pp. 4139-75, Nov 2002, doi: 10.1021/cr970155y.
[328] G. Wang, X. A. Zhang, L. Kapilevich, and M. Hu, "Recent advances in polymeric microparticle-based drug delivery systems for knee osteoarthritis treatment," (in eng), Front Bioeng Biotechnol, vol. 11, p. 1290870, 2023, doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1290870.
[329] Y. Yu, M. Nakano, and T. Ikeda, "Photomechanics: directed bending of a polymer film by light," Nature, vol. 425, no. 6954, p. 145, Sep 11 2003, doi: 10.1038/425145a.
[330] Y. Zhao, Q. Huang, and Y. Liu, "Recent Advances of Light/Hypoxia-Responsive Azobenzene in Nanomedicine Design," Chembiochem, vol. 25, no. 23, p. e202400635, Dec 2 2024, doi: 10.1002/cbic.202400635.
[331] "Light-Driven Expansion of Spiropyran Hydrogels," ed: American Chemical Society (ACS).
[332] Y. J. Jeong et al., "Light-responsive spiropyran based polymer thin films for use in organic field-effect transistor memories," Journal of Materials Chemistry C, vol. 4, no. 23, pp. 5398-5406, 2016, doi: 10.1039/c6tc00798h.
[333] I. Kathuria and S. Kumar, "Emerging frontiers in spiropyran-driven photoresponsive drug delivery systems and technologies," Dyes and Pigments, vol. 239, p. 112793, 2025/08 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112793.
[334] K. Pandurangan, R. Barrett, D. Diamond, and M. McCaul, "Fluidic Platforms Incorporating Photo-Responsive Soft-Polymers Based on Spiropyran: From Green Synthesis to Precision Flow Control," Frontiers in Materials, vol. 7, 2021/01/22 2021, doi: 10.3389/fmats.2020.615021.
[335] Y. Vidavsky et al., "Enabling Room-Temperature Mechanochromic Activation in a Glassy Polymer: Synthesis and Characterization of Spiropyran Polycarbonate," J Am Chem Soc, vol. 141, no. 25, pp. 10060-10067, Jun 26 2019, doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b04229.
[336] D. Vllasaliu, "Non-Invasive Drug Delivery Systems," (in eng), Pharmaceutics, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 611, Apr 23 2021, doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050611.
[337] M. Abdallah, A. Hijazi, F. Dumur, and J. Lalevee, "Coumarins as Powerful Photosensitizers for the Cationic Polymerization of Epoxy-Silicones under Near-UV and Visible Light and Applications for 3D Printing Technology," (in eng), Molecules, vol. 25, no. 9, p. 2063, Apr 28 2020, doi: 10.3390/molecules25092063.
[338] M. Abdallah, A. Hijazi, J.-T. Lin, B. Graff, F. Dumur, and J. Lalevée, "Coumarin Derivatives as Photoinitiators in Photo-Oxidation and Photo-Reduction Processes and a Kinetic Model for Simulations of the Associated Polymerization Profiles," ACS Applied Polymer Materials, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 2769-2780, 2020/06/04 2020, doi: 10.1021/acsapm.0c00340.
[339] I. Cazin, E. Rossegger, G. Guedes de la Cruz, T. Griesser, and S. Schlogl, "Recent Advances in Functional Polymers Containing Coumarin Chromophores," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 13, no. 1, p. 56, Dec 25 2020, doi: 10.3390/polym13010056.
[340] J. M. Cuevas, R. Seoane-Rivero, R. Navarro, and A. Marcos-Fernandez, "Coumarins into Polyurethanes for Smart and Functional Materials," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 12, no. 3, p. 630, Mar 10 2020, doi: 10.3390/polym12030630.
[341] H. Ghandehari, "ADDR Editor's Collection 2017," Adv Drug Deliv Rev, vol. 122, p. 1, Dec 1 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.11.009.
[342] "Printing Smart Inks of Redox-Responsive Organometallic Polymers on Microelectrode Arrays for Molecular Sensing," ed: American Chemical Society (ACS).
[343] J. Jiang, Q. Chen, M. Xu, J. Chen, and S. Wu, "Photoresponsive Diarylethene-Containing Polymers: Recent Advances and Future Challenges," Macromol Rapid Commun, vol. 44, no. 14, p. e2300117, Jul 2023, doi: 10.1002/marc.202300117.
[344] Q. Luo, H. Cheng, and H. Tian, "Recent progress on photochromic diarylethene polymers," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 2, no. 11, p. 2435, 2011, doi: 10.1039/c1py00167a.
[345] Y. Qin, Y.-T. Wang, H.-B. Yang, and W. Zhu, "Recent advances on the construction of diarylethene-based supramolecular metallacycles and metallacages via coordination-driven self-assembly," Chemical Synthesis, 2021, doi: 10.20517/cs.2021.05.
[346] Z. Zhang et al., "A building-block design for enhanced visible-light switching of diarylethenes," (in eng), Nat Commun, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 4232, Sep 17 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12302-6.
[347] J. Zou et al., "Recent Development of Photochromic Polymer Systems: Mechanism, Materials, and Applications," (in eng), Research (Wash D C), vol. 7, p. 0392, 2024, doi: 10.34133/research.0392.
[348] "Photoresponsive Thermoelectric Materials Derived from FullereneC60 PEDOT Hybrid Polymers," ed: American Chemical Society (ACS).
[349] T. Hughes, G. P. Simon, and K. Saito, "Light-Healable Epoxy Polymer Networks via Anthracene Dimer Scission of Diamine Crosslinker," ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 11, no. 21, pp. 19429-19443, May 29 2019, doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b02521.
[350] F. Li, H. Hou, J. Yin, and X. Jiang, "Multi-Responsive Wrinkling Patterns by the Photoswitchable Supramolecular Network," ACS Macro Letters, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 848-853, 2017/07/25 2017, doi: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00424.
[351] Y. Li et al., "Combined light- and heat-induced shape memory behavior of anthracene-based epoxy elastomers," (in eng), Sci Rep, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 20214, Nov 19 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77246-0.
[352] M. V. Vineeth and M. Jayabalalan, "Polymeric nanocarriers for cancer theranostics," Polymers for Advanced Technologies, vol. 28, pp. 1572 - 1582 , publication_type = article, 2017.
[353] M. C. Chen, M. H. Ling, K. W. Wang, Z. W. Lin, B. H. Lai, and D. H. Chen, "Near-infrared light-responsive composite microneedles for on-demand transdermal drug delivery," Biomacromolecules, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1598-607, May 11 2015, doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00185.
[354] A. Cheref, C. Artigues, and J.-C. Billaut, "A new robust approach for a production scheduling and delivery routing problem**This work was supported by the financial support of the ANR ATHENA project, grant ANR-13- BS02-0006 of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche," IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 886-891, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.887.
[355] G. Liu, W. Liu, and C.-M. Dong, "UV- and NIR-responsive polymeric nanomedicines for on-demand drug delivery," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 4, no. 12, p. 3431, 2013, doi: 10.1039/c3py21121e.
[356] B. Sana, A. Finne-Wistrand, and D. Pappalardo, "Recent development in near infrared light-responsive polymeric materials for smart drug-delivery systems," Materials Today Chemistry, vol. 25, p. 100963, 2022/09 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.100963.
[357] C. P. Shih, X. Tang, C. W. Kuo, D. Y. Chueh, and P. Chen, "Design principles of bioinspired interfaces for biomedical applications in therapeutics and imaging," (in eng), Front Chem, vol. 10, p. 990171, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.990171.
[358] Q. Shou, K. Uto, M. Iwanaga, M. Ebara, and T. Aoyagi, "Near-infrared light-responsive shape-memory poly(ɛ-caprolactone) films that actuate in physiological temperature range," Polymer Journal, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 492-498, 2014/06/18 2014, doi: 10.1038/pj.2014.48.
[359] Y. Wu, K. Wang, S. Huang, C. Yang, and M. Wang, "Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Semiconductor Polymer Composite Hydrogels: Spatial/Temporal-Controlled Release via a Photothermal "Sponge" Effect," ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 9, no. 15, pp. 13602-13610, Apr 19 2017, doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b01016.
[360] H. Fu and B. Yu, "3D micro/nano hydrogel structures fabricated by two-photon polymerization for biomedical applications," (in eng), Front Bioeng Biotechnol, vol. 12, p. 1339450, 2024, doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1339450.
[361] Z. Huang, G. Chi-Pong Tsui, Y. Deng, and C.-Y. Tang, "Two-photon polymerization nanolithography technology for fabrication of stimulus-responsive micro/nano-structures for biomedical applications," Nanotechnology Reviews, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1118-1136, 2020/01/01 2020, doi: 10.1515/ntrev-2020-0073.
[362] X. Jing, H. Fu, B. Yu, M. Sun, and L. Wang, "Two-photon polymerization for 3D biomedical scaffolds: Overview and updates," (in eng), Front Bioeng Biotechnol, vol. 10, p. 994355, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.994355.
[363] D. Kehrloesser, P. J. Behrendt, and N. Hampp, "Two-photon absorption triggered drug delivery from a polymer for intraocular lenses in presence of an UV-absorber," Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 248, pp. 8-14, 2012/11 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.08.012.
[364] S. O'Halloran, A. Pandit, A. Heise, and A. Kellett, "Two-Photon Polymerization: Fundamentals, Materials, and Chemical Modification Strategies," (in eng), Adv Sci (Weinh), vol. 10, no. 7, p. e2204072, Mar 2023, doi: 10.1002/advs.202204072.
[365] S. Ramasundaram, S. Sobha, G. Saravanakumar, and T. H. Oh, "Recent Advances in Biomedical Applications of Polymeric Nanoplatform Assisted with Two-Photon Absorption Process," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 14, no. 23, p. 5134, Nov 25 2022, doi: 10.3390/polym14235134.
[366] S. Schlie et al., "Three-dimensional cell growth on structures fabricated from ORMOCER by two-photon polymerization technique," J Biomater Appl, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 275-87, Nov 2007, doi: 10.1177/0885328207077590.
[367] J. Sun, S. Jia, C. Shao, M. R. Dawson, and K. C. Toussaint, "Emerging Technologies for Multiphoton Writing and Reading of Polymeric Architectures for Biomedical Applications," Annu Rev Biomed Eng, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 129-155, May 2025, doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110122-015901.
[368] A. Concellón et al., "Light-Responsive Self-Assembled Materials by Supramolecular Post-Functionalization via Hydrogen Bonding of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers," Macromolecules, vol. 49, no. 20, pp. 7825-7836, 2016/10/04 2016, doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01112.
[369] J. Kim et al., "Light-Responsive Shape- and Color-Changing Block Copolymer Particles with Fast Switching Speed," ACS Nano, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 8180-8189, Mar 19 2024, doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12059.
[370] J. Lee, K. H. Ku, J. Kim, Y. J. Lee, S. G. Jang, and B. J. Kim, "Light-Responsive, Shape-Switchable Block Copolymer Particles," J Am Chem Soc, vol. 141, no. 38, pp. 15348-15355, Sep 25 2019, doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b07755.
[371] J. M. Schumers, C. A. Fustin, and J. F. Gohy, "Light-responsive block copolymers," Macromol Rapid Commun, vol. 31, no. 18, pp. 1588-607, Sep 15 2010, doi: 10.1002/marc.201000108.
[372] B. S. Sumerlin and A. P. Vogt, "Macromolecular Engineering through Click Chemistry and Other Efficient Transformations," Macromolecules, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 1-13, 2009/11/18 2009, doi: 10.1021/ma901447e.
[373] J. Torres, N. Dhas, M. Longhi, and M. C. Garcia, "Overcoming Biological Barriers With Block Copolymers-Based Self-Assembled Nanocarriers. Recent Advances in Delivery of Anticancer Therapeutics," (in eng), Front Pharmacol, vol. 11, p. 593197, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.593197.
[374] D. Habault, H. Zhang, and Y. Zhao, "Light-triggered self-healing and shape-memory polymers," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 42, no. 17, pp. 7244-7256, 2013.
[375] T. Ube and T. Ikeda, "Photomobile polymer materials with crosslinked liquid-crystalline structures: Molecular design, fabrication, and functions," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 53, no. 39, pp. 10290-10299, 2014.
[376] M. Irie, "Diarylethenes for memories and switches," Chemical Reviews, vol. 100, no. 5, pp. 1685-1716, 2000.
[377] S. Wang, Y. Song, and L. Jiang, "Photoresponsive surfaces with controllable wettability," Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 18-29, 2018.
[378] X. Qiu, Y. Li, Y. Li, Y. Wu, C. Li, and L. Li, "Light-responsive membranes: Mechanisms, materials, fabrication, and applications," Advanced Materials Interfaces, vol. 6, no. 19, p. 1900435, 2019.
[379] C. Barner-Kowollik et al., "3D laser micro- and nanoprinting: Challenges for chemistry," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 56, no. 50, pp. 15828-15845, 2017.
[380] G. Chen, H. Qiu, P. N. Prasad, and X. Chen, "Upconversion nanoparticles: Design, nanochemistry, and applications in theranostics," Chemical Reviews, vol. 114, no. 10, pp. 5161-5214, 2020.
[381] L. Dong, Y. Feng, L. Wang, and W. Feng, "Azobenzene-based solar thermal fuels: Design, properties, and applications," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 3519-3536, 2019.
[382] C. Kuttner et al., "Plasmonic library based on substrate-supported gradiential plasmonic arrays," Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 6, no. 18, p. 1800432, 2018.
[383] Z. Q. Cao and G. J. Wang, "Multi-stimuli-responsive polymer materials: Particles, films, and bulk gels," Chemical Record, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1398-1435, 2021.
[384] A. Lendlein, H. Jiang, O. Jünger, and R. Langer, "Light-induced shape-memory polymers," Nature, vol. 434, no. 7035, pp. 879-882, 2019.
[385] D. A. Davis et al., "Force-induced activation of covalent bonds in mechanoresponsive polymeric materials," Nature, vol. 459, no. 7243, pp. 68-72, 2020.
[386] L. Florea, D. Diamond, and F. Benito-Lopez, "Photo-responsive polymeric structures based on spiropyran," Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, vol. 304, no. 5, p. 1800549, 2019.
[387] C. Boyer et al., "Copper-mediated living radical polymerization (atom transfer radical polymerization and copper(0) mediated polymerization): From fundamentals to bioapplications," Chemical Reviews, vol. 116, no. 4, pp. 1803-1949, 2016.
[388] J. M. García, F. C. García, F. Serna, and J. L. de la Peña, "High-performance aromatic polyamides," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 623-686, 2021.
[389] A. Abdollahi, H. Roghani-Mamaqani, B. Razavi, and M. Salami-Kalajahi, "Photoluminescent and chromic nanomaterials for anticounterfeiting technologies: Recent advances and future challenges," ACS Nano, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 14417-14492, 2020.
[390] M. M. Lerch, W. Szymański, and B. L. Feringa, "The (photo)chemistry of stenhouse photoswitches: Guiding principles and system design," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 1910-1937, 2016.
[391] E. R. Ruskowitz and C. A. DeForest, "Photoresponsive biomaterials for targeted drug delivery and 4D cell culture," Nature Reviews Materials, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 17087, 2018.
[392] T. Ikeda, J. I. Mamiya, and Y. Yu, "Photomechanics of liquid-crystalline elastomers and other polymers," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 506-528, 2019.
[393] A. Goulet-Hanssens and C. J. Barrett, "Photo-control of biological systems with azobenzene polymers," Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol. 51, no. 14, pp. 3058-3070, 2013.
[394] F. Häse, C. Kreisbeck, and A. Aspuru-Guzik, "Machine learning for quantum dynamics: Deep learning of excitation energy transfer properties," Chemical Science, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 8419-8426, 2018.
[395] M. Liu et al., "An anisotropic hydrogel with electrostatic repulsion between cofacially aligned nanosheets," Nature, vol. 517, no. 7532, pp. 68-72, 2020.
[396] Y. Jiang, J. Wang, Q. Huang, Z. Huang, and W. Huang, "Plasmonic metal nanoparticles for enhanced photochemical reactions," Materials Today, vol. 41, pp. 156-179, 2021.
[397] X. Kuang et al., "Advances in 4D printing: Materials and applications," Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 1805290, 2019.
[398] D. K. Schneiderman and M. A. Hillmyer, "50th anniversary perspective: There is a great future in sustainable polymers," Macromolecules, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 3733-3749, 2017.
[399] J. C. Cremaldi and B. Bhushan, "Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature," (in eng), Beilstein J Nanotechnol, vol. 9, pp. 907-935, 2018, doi: 10.3762/bjnano.9.85.
[400] B. J. Blaiszik et al., "Self-healing polymers and composites," Annual Review of Materials Research, vol. 40, pp. 179-211, 2010, doi: 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104532.
[401] R. P. Wool and K. M. O’Connor, "A theory crack healing in polymers," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 5953-5963, 1981, doi: 10.1063/1.328585.
[402] M. D. Hager, P. Greil, C. Leyens, S. van der Zwaag, and U. S. Schubert, "Self-healing materials," Advanced Materials, vol. 22, no. 47, pp. 5424-5430, 2010, doi: 10.1002/adma.201002334.
[403] S. R. White et al., "Autonomic healing of polymer composites," Nature, vol. 409, no. 6822, pp. 794-797, 2001, doi: 10.1038/35057232.
[404] C. I. Idumah, "Recent advancements in self-healing polymers, polymer blends, and nanocomposites," Polymers and Polymer Composites, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 246-258, 2020/03/20 2020, doi: 10.1177/0967391120910882.
[405] T. J. Swait et al., "Smart composite materials for self-sensing and self-healing," Plastics, Rubber and Composites, vol. 41, no. 4-5, pp. 215-224, 2012/06 2013, doi: 10.1179/1743289811y.0000000039.
[406] S. Peng, Y. Sun, C. Ma, G. Duan, Z. Liu, and C. Ma, "Recent advances in dynamic covalent bond-based shape memory polymers," e-Polymers, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 285-300, 2022/01/01 2022, doi: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0032.
[407] Y. Chujo, K. Sada, and T. Saegusa, "Reversible gelation of polyoxazoline by means of Diels-Alder reaction," Macromolecules, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 2636-2641, 1990/05 2002, doi: 10.1021/ma00212a007.
[408] X. Chen et al., "A thermally re-mendable cross-linked polymeric material," Science, vol. 295, no. 5560, pp. 1698-702, Mar 1 2002, doi: 10.1126/science.1065879.
[409] C. J. Kloxin, T. F. Scott, B. J. Adzima, and C. N. Bowman, "Covalent adaptable networks (CANs): A unique paradigm in cross-linked polymers," Macromolecules, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 2643-2653, 2010, doi: 10.1021/ma902596s.
[410] P. Cordier, F. Tournilhac, C. Soulié-Ziakovic, and L. Leibler, "Self-healing and thermoreversible rubber from supramolecular assembly," Nature, vol. 451, no. 7181, pp. 977-980, 2008, doi: 10.1038/nature06669.
[411] Y. Yang and M. W. Urban, "Self-healing polymeric materials," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 42, no. 17, pp. 7446-7467, 2013, doi: 10.1039/c3cs60109a.
[412] P. G. de Gennes, "Reptation of a polymer chain in the presence of fixed obstacles," The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 572-579, 1971, doi: 10.1063/1.1675789.
[413] J. D. Ferry, Viscoelastic properties of polymers. John Wiley & Sons, 1980.
[414] X. Chen et al., "A thermally re-mendable cross-linked polymeric material," Science, vol. 295, no. 5560, pp. 1698-1702, 2002, doi: 10.1126/science.1065879.
[415] J. Canadell, H. Goossens, and B. Klumperman, "Self-Healing Materials Based on Disulfide Links," Macromolecules, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 2536-2541, 2011/03/17 2011, doi: 10.1021/ma2001492.
[416] K. Imato and Y. Ooyama, "Stimuli-responsive smart polymers based on functional dyes," Polymer Journal, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 1093-1109, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41428-024-00951-4.
[417] R. P. Sijbesma et al., "Reversible polymers formed from self-complementary monomers using quadruple hydrogen bonding," Science, vol. 278, no. 5343, pp. 1601-4, Nov 28 1997, doi: 10.1126/science.278.5343.1601.
[418] M. Burnworth et al., "Optically healable supramolecular polymers," Nature, vol. 472, no. 7343, pp. 334-337, 2011, doi: 10.1038/nature09963.
[419] M. Nakahata, Y. Takashima, H. Yamaguchi, and A. Harada, "Redox-responsive self-healing materials formed from host–guest polymers," Nat Commun, vol. 2, p. 511, 2011, doi: 10.1038/ncomms1521.
[420] R. J. Varley and S. van der Zwaag, "Towards an understanding of thermally activated self-healing of an ionomer system during ballistic penetration," Acta Materialia, vol. 56, no. 19, pp. 5737-5750, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.08.008.
[421] S. R. White et al., "Autonomic healing of polymer composites," Nature, vol. 409, no. 6822, pp. 794-7, Feb 15 2001, doi: 10.1038/35057232.
[422] C. J. Hansen, W. Wu, K. S. Toohey, N. R. Sottos, S. R. White, and J. A. Lewis, "Self-healing materials with interpenetrating microvascular networks," Advanced Materials, vol. 21, no. 41, pp. 4143-4147, 2009, doi: 10.1002/adma.200900588.
[423] B. Pang, Y. Yu, and W. Zhang, "Thermoresponsive Polymers Based on Tertiary Amine Moieties," Macromol Rapid Commun, vol. 42, no. 24, p. e2100504, Dec 2021, doi: 10.1002/marc.202100504.
[424] J. D. Rule, E. N. Brown, N. R. Sottos, S. R. White, and J. S. Moore, "Wax-protected catalyst microspheres for efficient self-healing materials," Advanced Materials, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 205-208, 2005, doi: 10.1002/adma.200400607.
[425] X. Chen, F. Wudl, A. K. Mal, H. Shen, and S. R. Nutt, "New thermally remendable highly cross-linked polymeric materials," Macromolecules, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1802-1807, 2003, doi: 10.1021/ma0210675.
[426] B. Ghosh and M. W. Urban, "Self-repairing oxetane-substituted chitosan polyurethane networks," Science, vol. 323, no. 5920, pp. 1458-1460, 2009, doi: 10.1126/science.1167391.
[427] S. D. Bergman and F. Wudl, "Mendable polymers," J Mater Chem, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 41-62, 2008, doi: 10.1039/B713953P.
[428] P. Froimowicz, H. Frey, and K. Landfester, "Towards the generation of self-healing materials by means of a reversible photo-induced approach," Macromolecular Rapid Communications, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 468-473, 2011.
[429] A. B. South and L. A. Lyon, "Autonomic self-healing of hydrogel thin films," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 767-770, 2010, doi: 10.1002/anie.200906040.
[430] D. A. Davis et al., "Force-induced activation of covalent bonds in mechanoresponsive polymeric materials," Nature, vol. 459, no. 7243, pp. 68-72, 2009, doi: 10.1038/nature07970.
[431] E. N. Brown, N. R. Sottos, and S. R. White, "Fracture testing of a self-healing polymer composite," Experimental Mechanics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 167-177, 2005, doi: 10.1007/BF02427946.
[432] S. J. García, H. R. Fischer, and S. van der Zwaag, "A critical appraisal of the potential of self healing polymeric coatings," Progress in Organic Coatings, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 211-221, 2011.
[433] C. E. Diesendruck, N. R. Sottos, J. S. Moore, and S. R. White, "Biomimetic self-healing," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 54, no. 36, pp. 10428-10447, 2015, doi: 10.1002/anie.201500484.
[434] P. A. Pratama, M. Sharifi, A. M. Peterson, and G. R. Palmese, "Room temperature self-healing thermoset based on the Diels–Alder reaction," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 5, no. 23, pp. 12425-12431, 2013, doi: 10.1021/am403459e.
[435] J. M. Matxain, J. M. Asua, and F. Ruipérez, "Design of new disulfide-based organic compounds for the improvement of self-healing materials," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1758-1770, 2016, doi: 10.1039/C5CP06660C.
[436] F. Wang, W. Wang, C. Zhang, J. Tang, X. Zeng, and X. Wan, "Scalable manufactured bio-based polymer nanocomposite with instantaneous near-infrared light-actuated targeted shape memory and remote-controlled accurate self-healing," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 219, p. 108927, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108927.
[437] N. Holten-Andersen et al., "pH-induced metal-ligand cross-links inspired by mussel yield self-healing polymer networks with near-covalent elastic moduli," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108, no. 7, pp. 2651-2655, 2011, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1015862108.
[438] M. W. Keller and N. R. Sottos, "Mechanical properties of microcapsules used in a self-healing polymer," Experimental Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 725-733, 2006, doi: 10.1007/s11340-006-9659-3.
[439] Y. Liu and S. H. Hsu, "Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Self-healing Hydrogels," (in eng), Front Chem, vol. 6, p. 449, 2018, doi: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00449.
[440] Y. Heo, M. H. Malakooti, and H. A. Sodano, "Self-healing polymers and composites for extreme environments," Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 4, no. 44, pp. 17403-17411, 2016, doi: 10.1039/c6ta06213j.
[441] I. C.-Y. Hou, Y. Hu, A. Narita, and K. Müllen, "Diels–Alder polymerization: a versatile synthetic method toward functional polyphenylenes, ladder polymers and graphene nanoribbons," Polymer Journal, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 3-20, 2017/11/01 2017, doi: 10.1038/pj.2017.69.
[442] Y.-L. Liu and T.-W. Chuo, "Self-healing polymers based on thermally reversible Diels–Alder chemistry," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 4, no. 7, p. 2194, 2013, doi: 10.1039/c2py20957h.
[443] S. M. Morozova, "Recent Advances in Hydrogels via Diels-Alder Crosslinking: Design and Applications," (in eng), Gels, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 102, Jan 24 2023, doi: 10.3390/gels9020102.
[444] C. R. Ratwani, A. R. Kamali, and A. M. Abdelkader, "Self-healing by Diels-Alder cycloaddition in advanced functional polymers: A review," Progress in Materials Science, vol. 131, p. 101001, 2023/01 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.101001.
[445] A. Safaei et al., "Fast Self-Healing at Room Temperature in Diels-Alder Elastomers," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 15, no. 17, p. 3527, Aug 24 2023, doi: 10.3390/polym15173527.
[446] D. M. Beaupre and R. G. Weiss, "Thiol- and Disulfide-Based Stimulus-Responsive Soft Materials and Self-Assembling Systems," (in eng), Molecules, vol. 26, no. 11, p. 3332, Jun 1 2021, doi: 10.3390/molecules26113332.
[447] X. Li et al., "Self-Healing Polyurethane Elastomers Based on a Disulfide Bond by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing," ACS Macro Lett, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 1511-1516, Nov 19 2019, doi: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00766.
[448] S. Nevejans, N. Ballard, J. I. Miranda, B. Reck, and J. M. Asua, "The underlying mechanisms for self-healing of poly(disulfide)s," Phys Chem Chem Phys, vol. 18, no. 39, pp. 27577-27583, Oct 5 2016, doi: 10.1039/c6cp04028d.
[449] R. Zhang, T. Nie, Y. Fang, H. Huang, and J. Wu, "Poly(disulfide)s: From Synthesis to Drug Delivery," Biomacromolecules, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1-19, Jan 10 2022, doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01210.
[450] D. G. Bekas, K. Tsirka, D. Baltzis, and A. S. Paipetis, "Self-healing materials: A review of advances in materials, evaluation, characterization and monitoring techniques," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 87, pp. 92-119, 2016/02 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.09.057.
[451] X. Zhulu, X. Zhulu, H. Benlin, L. Run-Wei, and Z. Qichun, "Hydrogen Bonding in Self-Healing Elastomers," vol. 6, pp. 9319 - 9333 , publication_type = article, 2021.
[452] Z. Xiaojie and H. Junhui, "Hydrogen-bonding-supported self-healing antifogging thin films.," Sci Rep, vol. 5, pp. 9227 , publication_type = article, 2015.
[453] Z. Jiahui, T. Xinxin, S. Biru, Z. Zhenyu, L. Xiangdong, and Y. Yuming, "Bio-inspired self-healing polyurethane system: Mimicking connective tissue with hydrogen-bonding mechanism," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 498, pp. 155416 , publication_type = article, 2024.
[454] G. Liberata et al., "Self-healing epoxy nanocomposites via reversible hydrogen bonding," Composites Part B-engineering, vol. 157, pp. 1 - 13 , publication_type = article, 2019.
[455] A.-H. Rodrigo et al., "Intrinsic self-healing thermoset through covalent and hydrogen bonding interactions," European Polymer Journal, vol. 81, pp. 186 - 197 , publication_type = article, 2016.
[456] W. Ying et al., "Hydrogen bonding derived self-healing polymer composites reinforced with amidation carbon fibers.," Nanotechnology, vol. 31, pp. 025704 , publication_type = article, 2020.
[457] S. R. M. Paladugu et al., "A Comprehensive Review of Self-Healing Polymer, Metal, and Ceramic Matrix Composites and Their Modeling Aspects for Aerospace Applications," (in eng), Materials (Basel), vol. 15, no. 23, p. 8521, Nov 29 2022, doi: 10.3390/ma15238521.
[458] K. Choi, A. Noh, J. Kim, P. H. Hong, M. J. Ko, and S. W. Hong, "Properties and Applications of Self-Healing Polymeric Materials: A Review," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 15, no. 22, p. 4408, Nov 14 2023, doi: 10.3390/polym15224408.
[459] N. El Choufi, S. Mustapha, A. R. Tehrani-Bagha, and B. P. Grady, "Self-Healability of Poly(Ethylene-co-Methacrylic Acid): Effect of Ionic Content and Neutralization," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 14, no. 17, p. 3575, Aug 30 2022, doi: 10.3390/polym14173575.
[460] N. Hohlbein, M. von Tapavicza, A. Nellesen, and A. M. Schmidt, "Self‐Healing Ionomers," in Self‐Healing Polymers, ed: Wiley, 2013, pp. 315-334.
[461] B. M. Kangarshahi, S. M. Naghib, G. M. Kangarshahi, and M. R. Mozafari, "Bioprinting of self-healing materials and nanostructures for biomedical applications: Recent advances and progresses on fabrication and characterization techniques," Bioprinting, vol. 38, p. e00335, 2024/04 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.bprint.2024.e00335.
[462] S. Kim, H. Jeon, J. M. Koo, D. X. Oh, and J. Park, "Practical Applications of Self-Healing Polymers Beyond Mechanical and Electrical Recovery," (in eng), Adv Sci (Weinh), vol. 11, no. 16, p. e2302463, Apr 2024, doi: 10.1002/advs.202302463.
[463] V. Montano, S. J. Picken, S. van der Zwaag, and S. J. Garcia, "A deconvolution protocol of the mechanical relaxation spectrum to identify and quantify individual polymer feature contributions to self-healing," Phys Chem Chem Phys, vol. 21, no. 19, pp. 10171-10184, May 15 2019, doi: 10.1039/c9cp00417c.
[464] "Enhancing Self-Healing and Mechanical Robustness through Aluminum Acetylacetonate-Driven MetalLigand Coordination for Skin-Inspired Sensing," ed: American Chemical Society (ACS).
[465] "Stretchable Self-Healing Polymeric Dielectrics Cross-Linked Through MetalLigand Coordination," ed: American Chemical Society (ACS).
[466] C. H. Li et al., "A highly stretchable autonomous self-healing elastomer," Nat Chem, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 618-24, Jun 2016, doi: 10.1038/nchem.2492.
[467] C. H. Li and J. L. Zuo, "Self-Healing Polymers Based on Coordination Bonds," Adv Mater, vol. 32, no. 27, p. e1903762, Jul 2020, doi: 10.1002/adma.201903762.
[468] H. Park, T. Kang, H. Kim, J. C. Kim, Z. Bao, and J. Kang, "Toughening self-healing elastomer crosslinked by metal-ligand coordination through mixed counter anion dynamics," (in eng), Nat Commun, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 5026, Aug 18 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40791-z.
[469] Y. Zhang, A. A. Broekhuis, and F. Picchioni, "Thermally Self-Healing Polymeric Materials: The Next Step to Recycling Thermoset Polymers?," Macromolecules, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1906-1912, 2009/02/27 2009, doi: 10.1021/ma8027672.
[470] L. Brunsveld, B. J. Folmer, E. W. Meijer, and R. P. Sijbesma, "Supramolecular polymers," Chem Rev, vol. 101, no. 12, pp. 4071-98, Dec 2001, doi: 10.1021/cr990125q.
[471] M. D. Hager, P. Greil, C. Leyens, S. van der Zwaag, and U. S. Schubert, "Self-healing materials," Adv Mater, vol. 22, no. 47, pp. 5424-30, Dec 14 2010, doi: 10.1002/adma.201003036.
[472] J. Schijf, G. Van der Werf, and E. Jansen, "Lecturers’ Experiences of Teaching a Module in an Interdisciplinary Study Programme," International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, vol. 19, no. 1, 2025, doi: 10.20429/ijsotl.2025.190108.
[473] Y. Yang and M. W. Urban, "Self-healing polymeric materials," Chem Soc Rev, vol. 42, no. 17, pp. 7446-67, Sep 7 2013, doi: 10.1039/c3cs60109a.
[474] B. R. Gautam, N. I. Khan, N. N. Gosvami, and S. Das, "Recent advancements in self-healing materials and their application in coating industry," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, vol. 239, no. 3, pp. 411-427, 2024/09/08 2024, doi: 10.1177/14644207241269558.
[475] "More on individual articles archived by PMC," ed: Front Matter, 2003.
[476] E. N. Brown, S. R. White, and N. R. Sottos, "Microcapsule induced toughening in a self-healing polymer composite," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1703-1710, 2004/03 2004, doi: 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000016173.73733.dc.
[477] Y. Jialan, Y. Chenpeng, Z. Chengfei, and H. Baoqing, "Preparation Process of Epoxy Resin Microcapsules for Self - healing Coatings," Progress in Organic Coatings, vol. 132, pp. 440-444, 2019/07 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.04.015.
[478] S.-R. Kim et al., "Toward Microcapsule-Embedded Self-Healing Membranes," Environmental Science & Technology Letters, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 216-221, 2016/03/07 2016, doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00046.
[479] J. Yang, M. W. Keller, J. S. Moore, S. R. White, and N. R. Sottos, "Microencapsulation of Isocyanates for Self-Healing Polymers," Macromolecules, vol. 41, no. 24, pp. 9650-9655, 2008/11/25 2008, doi: 10.1021/ma801718v.
[480] L. Yuan, G. Liang, J. Xie, L. Li, and J. Guo, "Preparation and characterization of poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules filled with epoxy resins," Polymer, vol. 47, no. 15, pp. 5338-5349, 2006/07 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.051.
[481] A. Kausar, I. Ahmad, M. Maaza, and P. Bocchetta, "Self-Healing Nanocomposites—Advancements and Aerospace Applications," Journal of Composites Science, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 148, 2023/04/07 2023, doi: 10.3390/jcs7040148.
[482] H. Jamil, M. Faizan, M. Adeel, T. Jesionowski, G. Boczkaj, and A. Balciunaite, "Recent Advances in Polymer Nanocomposites: Unveiling the Frontier of Shape Memory and Self-Healing Properties-A Comprehensive Review," (in eng), Molecules, vol. 29, no. 6, p. 1267, Mar 13 2024, doi: 10.3390/molecules29061267.
[483] K. Wu, Y. Chen, Q. Zhang, Y. Gu, R. Liu, and J. Luo, "Preparation of Graphene Oxide/Polymer Hybrid Microcapsules via Photopolymerization for Double Self-Healing Anticorrosion Coatings," ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 16, no. 29, pp. 38564-38575, Jul 24 2024, doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c07593.
[484] J.-C. Yu, R. A. Browne, and S. E. Seo, "Mechanically Robust, Self-Healing Polymer Nanocomposites with Tailorable Nanoparticle-Based Bonds," Macromolecules, vol. 57, no. 19, pp. 9059-9066, 2024/09/23 2024, doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c01013.
[485] A. R. Jones, M. J. Black, and D. E. Williams, "Self-healing composites for aerospace applications: Current progress and future perspectives," Composites Science and Technology, vol. 210, p. 108832, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108832.
[486] Z. Wei et al., "Self-healing gels based on constitutional dynamic chemistry and their potential applications," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 50, no. 24, pp. 13668-13705, 2021.
[487] X. Li et al., "Self-healing polymers for biomedical applications," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 18, pp. 2585-2607, 2022.
[488] X. Zhao, L. Wang, and Y. Liu, "Self-healing hydrogels for wound healing applications," Biomaterials Science, vol. 10, no. 15, pp. 4012-4035, 2022.
[489] S. Wang, M. W. Urban, and J. Chen, "Self-healing polymers for flexible electronics," Nature Electronics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 98-112, 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41928-023-00923-8.
[490] Y. Chen, Q. Zhang, and G. Gao, "Self-healing polymers for battery applications," Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 12, no. 15, p. 2103794, 2022, doi: 10.1002/aenm.202103794.
[491] S. J. García, H. Wu, and M. Schönhoff, "Recent advances in self-healing anti-corrosion coatings," Corrosion Science, vol. 215, p. 111234, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111234.
[492] J. Liu, L. Chen, and H. Wang, "Marine-inspired self-healing coatings for corrosion protection," Progress in Materials Science, vol. 132, p. 101045, 2023.
[493] E. B. Murphy, E. Bolanos, C. Schaffner-Hamann, F. Wudl, S. R. Nutt, and M. L. Auad, "Synthesis and Characterization of a Single-Component Thermally Remendable Polymer Network: Staudinger and Stille Revisited," Macromolecules, vol. 41, no. 14, pp. 5203-5209, 2008/06/25 2008, doi: 10.1021/ma800432g.
[494] A. Kumar, S. Sharma, and R. Patel, "Machine learning approaches for designing self-healing polymers," Nature Machine Intelligence, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 234-248, 2023.
[495] M. Q. Zhang and M. Z. Rong, "Multi-functional self-healing polymers: Design strategies and applications," Materials Horizons, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1234-1256, 2023, doi: 10.1039/D2MH01234K.
[496] A. M. Peterson, R. E. Jensen, and G. R. Palmese, "3D printing of self-healing polymers: From concept to application," Advanced Manufacturing, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 234-256, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s40436-023-00432-6.
[497] J. D. Smith, K. L. Anderson, and T. M. Brown, "Advanced characterization techniques for self-healing polymers," Materials Today, vol. 67, pp. 123-145, 2023.
[498] P. F. Green, K. L. Johnson, and R. S. Thompson, "Sustainable self-healing polymers: Challenges and opportunities," Green Chemistry, vol. 25, pp. 2456-2478, 2023.
[499] S. R. White et al., "Autonomic healing of polymer composites," Nature, vol. 409, no. 6822, pp. 794-797, 2001, doi: 10.1038/35057232.
[500] B. J. Blaiszik, S. L. B. Kramer, S. C. Olugebefola, J. S. Moore, N. R. Sottos, and S. R. White, "Self-healing polymers and composites," Annual Review of Materials Research, vol. 40, pp. 179-211, 2010, doi: 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104532.
[501] D. Y. Wu, S. Meure, and D. Solomon, "Self-healing polymeric materials: A review of recent developments," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 479-522, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.02.001.
[502] R. P. Wool, "Self-healing materials: A review," Soft Matter, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 400-418, 2008.
[503] M. Behl and A. Lendlein, "Shape-memory polymers," Materials Today, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 20-28, 2007/04 2007, doi: 10.1016/s1369-7021(07)70047-0.
[504] D. J. Maitland, M. F. Metzger, D. Schumann, A. Lee, and T. S. Wilson, "Photothermal properties of shape memory polymer micro-actuators for treating stroke," Lasers Surg Med, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2002/01 2002, doi: 10.1002/lsm.10007.
[505] D. Ratna and J. Karger-Kocsis, "Recent advances in shape memory polymers and composites: a review," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 254-269, 2007/10/17 2007, doi: 10.1007/s10853-007-2176-7.
[506] H. Meng and G. Li, "A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites," Polymer, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 2199-2221, 2013/04 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.023.
[507] L. Xia, J. Meng, Y. Ma, and P. Zhao, "Facile Fabrication of Eucommia Rubber Composites with High Shape Memory Performance," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 13, no. 20, p. 3479, Oct 11 2021, doi: 10.3390/polym13203479.
[508] J. Lee and S. K. Kang, "Principles for Controlling the Shape Recovery and Degradation Behavior of Biodegradable Shape-Memory Polymers in Biomedical Applications," (in eng), Micromachines (Basel), vol. 12, no. 7, p. 757, Jun 27 2021, doi: 10.3390/mi12070757.
[509] S. Suethao, T. Prasopdee, K. Buaksuntear, D. U. Shah, and W. Smitthipong, "Recent Developments in Shape Memory Elastomers for Biotechnology Applications," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 14, no. 16, p. 3276, Aug 11 2022, doi: 10.3390/polym14163276.
[510] B. Q. Chan, Z. W. Low, S. J. Heng, S. Y. Chan, C. Owh, and X. J. Loh, "Recent Advances in Shape Memory Soft Materials for Biomedical Applications," ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 8, no. 16, pp. 10070-87, Apr 27 2016, doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b01295.
[511] X. Wu, Y. Han, Z. Zhou, X. Zhang, and C. Lu, "New Scalable Approach toward Shape Memory Polymer Composites via "Spring-Buckle" Microstructure Design," ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 9, no. 15, pp. 13657-13665, Apr 19 2017, doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b02238.
[512] S. Yan, F. Zhang, L. Luo, L. Wang, Y. Liu, and J. Leng, "Shape Memory Polymer Composites: 4D Printing, Smart Structures, and Applications," (in eng), Research (Wash D C), vol. 6, p. 0234, 2023, doi: 10.34133/research.0234.
[513] R. P. Wool and K. M. O’Connor, "A theory of crack healing in polymers," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 5953-5963, 1981, doi: 10.1063/1.328526.
[514] R. P. Sijbesma et al., "Reversible polymers formed from self-complementary monomers using quadruple hydrogen bonding," Science, vol. 278, no. 5343, pp. 1601-1604, 1997, doi: 10.1126/science.278.5343.1601.
[515] K. S. Toohey, N. R. Sottos, J. A. Lewis, J. S. Moore, and S. R. White, "Self-healing materials with microvascular networks," Nature Materials, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 581-585, 2007, doi: 10.1038/nmat1934.
[516] J. F. Patrick, K. R. Hart, B. P. Krull, W. G. Sawyer, and S. R. White, "Continuous self-healing polymers with capacity for autonomic life-cycle extension," Science Advances, vol. 8, no. 6, 2022, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1247.
[517] J. W. C. Pang and I. P. Bond, "A hollow fibre reinforced polymer composite encompassing self-healing and enhanced damage visibility," Composites Science and Technology, vol. 65, no. 11-12, pp. 1791-1799, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.03.008.
[518] P. Taynton, K. Yu, R. K. Shoemaker, Y. Jin, H. J. Qi, and W. Zhang, "Heat- or water-driven malleability in a highly recyclable covalent network polymer," Advanced Materials, vol. 26, no. 23, pp. 3938-3942, 2014.
[519] J. J. Cash, T. Kubo, A. P. Bapat, and B. S. Sumerlin, "Room-temperature self-healing polymers based on dynamic-covalent boronic esters," Macromolecules, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 2098-2106, 2015.
[520] Y. Yanagisawa, Y. Nan, K. Okuro, and T. Aida, "Mechanically robust, readily repairable polymers via tailored noncovalent cross-linking," Science, vol. 359, no. 6371, pp. 72-76, 2014.
[521] M. Burnworth et al., "Optically healable supramolecular polymers," Nature, vol. 472, no. 7343, pp. 334-337, 2011.
[522] S. Burattini et al., "A healable supramolecular polymer blend based on aromatic π−π stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 132, no. 34, pp. 12051-12058, 2010.
[523] A. Harada, Y. Takashima, and M. Nakahata, "Supramolecular polymeric materials via cyclodextrin–guest interactions," Accounts of Chemical Research, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 2128-2140, 2016.
[524] W. Denissen, J. M. Winne, and F. E. Du Prez, "Vitrimers: permanent organic networks with glass-like fluidity," Chemical Science, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 30-38, 2015.
[525] D. A. Davis et al., "Force-induced activation of covalent bonds in mechanoresponsive polymeric materials," Nature, vol. 459, no. 7243, pp. 68-72, 2009.
[526] H. Zhang, Y. Zhao, and X. Chen, "Temperature-triggered self-healing polymer networks based on reversible Diels–Alder reaction," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 9, no. 28, pp. 3931-3938, 2018.
[527] R. Göstl, R. P. Sijbesma, and S. Hecht, "π-Extended anthracene-maleimide building blocks for reversible photoswitching," Chemical Science, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 370-375, 2016.
[528] G. Deng, C. Tang, F. Li, H. Jiang, and Y. Chen, "Covalent cross-linked polymer gels with reversible sol−gel transition and self-healing properties," Macromolecules, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1191-1194, 2012.
[529] L. Zhang, J. B. Bailey, R. H. Subramanian, A. Groisman, and F. A. Tezcan, "Hyperexpandable, self-healing macromolecular crystals with integrated polymer networks," Nature, vol. 557, no. 7705, pp. 86-91, 2020.
[530] Y. Chen, A. M. Kushner, G. A. Williams, and Z. Guan, "Multiphase design of autonomic self-healing thermoplastic elastomers," Nature Chemistry, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 467-472, 2012.
[531] H. Wang, Y. Liu, and G. Chen, "Magnetically triggered self-healing polymers," Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 7, no. 43, pp. 24814-24829, 2019.
[532] Y. H. Kim and R. P. Wool, "A theory of healing at a polymer-polymer interface," Macromolecules, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1115-1120, 1983.
[533] G. Z. Voyiadjis, A. Shojaei, G. Li, and P. I. Kattan, "A theory of anisotropic healing and damage mechanics of materials," Proceedings of the Royal Society A, vol. 468, no. 2137, pp. 163-183, 2018.
[534] J. Wu, L. H. Cai, and D. A. Weitz, "Tough self-healing elastomers by molecular enforced integration of covalent and reversible networks," Advanced Materials, vol. 29, no. 38, p. 1702616, 2020.
[535] S. R. White, B. J. Blaiszik, S. L. B. Kramer, S. C. Olugebefola, J. S. Moore, and N. R. Sottos, "Self-healing polymers and composites," American Scientist, vol. 99, no. 5, pp. 392-399, 2014.
[536] G. O. Wilson, H. M. Andersson, S. R. White, N. R. Sottos, J. S. Moore, and P. V. Braun, "Self-healing polymers for space applications," Advanced Materials Technologies, vol. 3, no. 5, p. 1700240, 2018.
[537] J. A. Syrett, C. R. Becer, and D. M. Haddleton, "Self-healing polymers in automotive applications," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1658-1674, 2022.
[538] J. M. García-Martínez, S. Tarancón, and J. Rodríguez-Hernández, "Self-healing polymers for automotive applications: From tires to coatings," Polymer Reviews, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 356-388, 2020.
[539] M. W. Urban, D. Davydovich, Y. Yang, T. Demir, Y. Zhang, and L. Casabianca, "Key-and-lock commodity self-healing copolymers," Science, vol. 362, no. 6411, pp. 220-225, 2018.
[540] J. Kang et al., "Tough and water-insensitive self-healing elastomer for robust electronic skin," Advanced Materials, vol. 30, no. 13, p. 1706846, 2019.
[541] Y. Cao et al., "Self-healing electronic skins for aquatic environments," Nature Electronics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 75-82, 2017.
[542] Q. Zhang et al., "An elastic autonomous self-healing capacitive sensor based on a dynamic dual crosslinked chemical system," Advanced Materials, vol. 30, no. 33, p. 1801435, 2019.
[543] Y. Quan, L. Zhang, and S. Chen, "Self-healing polymeric materials for photovoltaic applications," Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 211, p. 110533, 2020.
[544] K. Van Tittelboom and N. De Belie, "Self-healing in cementitious materials—A review," Materials, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 2182-2217, 2013.
[545] J. H. Waite, "Mussel-inspired materials: From adhesion to self-healing," Annual Review of Materials Research, vol. 53, pp. 123-148, 2023.
[546] Y. Q. Fu, W. M. Huang, J. K. Luo, and H. Lu, "Polyurethane shape-memory polymers for biomedical applications," in Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications, ed: Elsevier, 2015, pp. 167-195.
[547] K. Hearon et al., "A Processable Shape Memory Polymer System for Biomedical Applications," (in eng), Adv Healthc Mater, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 1386-98, Jun 24 2015, doi: 10.1002/adhm.201500156.
[548] B. Kumar et al., "Shape Memory Polyurethane-Based Smart Polymer Substrates for Physiologically Responsive, Dynamic Pressure (Re)Distribution," (in eng), ACS Omega, vol. 4, no. 13, pp. 15348-15358, Sep 24 2019, doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01167.
[549] A. Lendlein, M. Behl, B. Hiebl, and C. Wischke, "Shape-memory polymers as a technology platform for biomedical applications," Expert Rev Med Devices, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 357-79, May 2010, doi: 10.1586/erd.10.8.
[550] Y. Liu, K. Gall, M. L. Dunn, A. R. Greenberg, and J. Diani, "Thermomechanics of shape memory polymers: Uniaxial experiments and constitutive modeling," International Journal of Plasticity, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 279-313, 2006/02 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2005.03.004.
[551] W. t. Small, P. Singhal, T. S. Wilson, and D. J. Maitland, "Biomedical applications of thermally activated shape memory polymers," (in eng), J Mater Chem, vol. 20, no. 18, pp. 3356-3366, May 14 2010, doi: 10.1039/B923717H.
[552] L. Yahia, "Introduction to shape-memory polymers for biomedical applications," in Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications, ed: Elsevier, 2015, pp. 3-8.
[553] C. M. Yakacki, R. Shandas, C. Lanning, B. Rech, A. Eckstein, and K. Gall, "Unconstrained recovery characterization of shape-memory polymer networks for cardiovascular applications," (in eng), Biomaterials, vol. 28, no. 14, pp. 2255-63, May 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.030.
[554] H. Guo, M. O. Saed, and E. M. Terentjev, "Main‐Chain Nematic Side‐Chain Smectic Composite Liquid Crystalline Elastomers," Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 33, no. 17, 2023/01/26 2023, doi: 10.1002/adfm.202214918.
[555] R. Gupta, K. Kumar, and U. Pandel, "SHAPE MEMORY POLYMERS AND ITS BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS," in Futuristic Trends in Mechanical Engineering Volume 3 Book 3, ed: Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024, pp. 140-164.
[556] P. Prathumrat, M. Nikzad, E. Hajizadeh, R. Arablouei, and I. Sbarski, "Shape memory elastomers: A review of synthesis, design, advanced manufacturing, and emerging applications," Polymers for Advanced Technologies, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1782-1808, 2022/03/11 2022, doi: 10.1002/pat.5652.
[557] I. A. Rousseau and P. T. Mather, "Shape memory effect exhibited by smectic-C liquid crystalline elastomers," J Am Chem Soc, vol. 125, no. 50, pp. 15300-1, Dec 17 2003, doi: 10.1021/ja039001s.
[558] M. O. Saed, R. H. Volpe, N. A. Traugutt, R. Visvanathan, N. A. Clark, and C. M. Yakacki, "High strain actuation liquid crystal elastomers via modulation of mesophase structure," Soft Matter, vol. 13, no. 41, pp. 7537-7547, Oct 25 2017, doi: 10.1039/c7sm01380a.
[559] E. M. Terentjev, "Liquid Crystal Elastomers: 30 Years After," (in eng), Macromolecules, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2792-2806, Mar 25 2025, doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c01997.
[560] Y. Xiao, J. Wu, and Y. Zhang, "Recent advances in the design, fabrication, actuation mechanisms and applications of liquid crystal elastomers," Soft Science, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 11, 2023, doi: 10.20517/ss.2023.03.
[561] J. Delaey, P. Dubruel, and S. Van Vlierberghe, "Shape‐Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications," Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 30, no. 44, 2020/06/18 2020, doi: 10.1002/adfm.201909047.
[562] Y. Guo et al., "A biodegradable functional water-responsive shape memory polymer for biomedical applications," J Mater Chem B, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 123-132, Jan 7 2019, doi: 10.1039/c8tb02462f.
[563] H. Kang et al., "Biobased and Biodegradable Shape Memory Polymers of Eucommia Ulmoides Gum and Polycaprolactone via Dynamic Vulcanization," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 63, no. 25, pp. 11218-11229, 2024/06/13 2024, doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c01094.
[564] S. Strandman and X. X. Zhu, "Biodegradable shape-memory polymers for biomedical applications," in Shape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications, ed: Elsevier, 2015, pp. 219-245.
[565] Smart Light‐Responsive Materials. Wiley, 2008. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470439098.
[566] F. Cui and I. J. Rao, "Modeling the Circular Shear in Light Activated Shape Memory Polymers With Three Networks," presented at the Volume 9: Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Fluids, 2013/11/15, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65048.
[567] T. Dayyoub, A. V. Maksimkin, O. V. Filippova, V. V. Tcherdyntsev, and D. V. Telyshev, "Shape Memory Polymers as Smart Materials: A Review," (in eng), Polymers (Basel), vol. 14, no. 17, p. 3511, Aug 26 2022, doi: 10.3390/polym14173511.
[568] L. Fang et al., "Light and Shape‐Memory Polymers: Characterization, Preparation, Stimulation, and Application," Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, vol. 308, no. 12, 2023/08/25 2023, doi: 10.1002/mame.202300158.
[569] K. Y. Shen, X. J. Wang, and H. J. Chen, "Advances in light-activated shape memory polymer: A brief review," Materials Today Communications, vol. 41, p. 110247, 2024/12 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.110247.
[570] L. Sun et al., "Stimulus-responsive shape memory materials: A review," Materials & Design, vol. 33, pp. 577-640, 2012/01 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.065.
[571] Q. Zhao, H. J. Qi, and T. Xie, "Recent progress in shape memory polymer: New behavior, enabling materials, and mechanistic understanding," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 49-50, pp. 79-120, 2015/10 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.001.
[572] Q. Feng, K. Zhang, B. Yang, and Y. Yu, "Editorial: Biomedical applications of natural polymers," (in eng), Front Bioeng Biotechnol, vol. 10, p. 1077823, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1077823.
[573] T. Tadge, S. Garje, V. Saxena, and A. M. Raichur, "Application of Shape Memory and Self-Healable Polymers/Composites in the Biomedical Field: A Review," (in eng), ACS Omega, vol. 8, no. 36, pp. 32294-32310, Sep 12 2023, doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04569.
[574] J. Xue, Y. Ge, Z. Liu, Z. Liu, J. Jiang, and G. Li, "Photoprogrammable Moisture-Responsive Actuation of a Shape Memory Polymer Film," ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 10836-10843, Mar 2 2022, doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c24018.
[575] L. Zhang, H. Du, L. Liu, Y. Liu, and J. Leng, "Analysis and design of smart mandrels using shape memory polymers," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 59, pp. 230-237, 2014/03 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.10.085.
[576] "Strategy for Fabricating Multiple-Shape Memory Polymeric Materials Based on Solid State Mixing," ed: American Chemical Society (ACS).
[577] Y. Xia, Y. He, F. Zhang, Y. Liu, and J. Leng, "A Review of Shape Memory Polymers and Composites: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications," Adv Mater, vol. 33, no. 6, p. e2000713, Feb 2021, doi: 10.1002/adma.202000713.
[578] M. Y. Khalid, Z. U. Arif, R. Noroozi, A. Zolfagharian, and M. Bodaghi, "4D printing of shape memory polymer composites: A review on fabrication techniques, applications, and future perspectives," Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 81, pp. 759-797, 2022/09 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.07.035.
[579] K. McLellan, Y.-C. Sun, and H. E. Naguib, "A review of 4D printing: Materials, structures, and designs towards the printing of biomedical wearable devices," Bioprinting, vol. 27, p. e00217, 2022/08 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.bprint.2022.e00217.
[580] M. Zarek, M. Layani, I. Cooperstein, E. Sachyani, D. Cohn, and S. Magdassi, "3D Printing of Shape Memory Polymers for Flexible Electronic Devices," Adv Mater, vol. 28, no. 22, pp. 4449-54, Jun 2016, doi: 10.1002/adma.201503132.
[581] C. Zeng, L. Liu, C. Lin, X. Xin, Y. Liu, and J. Leng, "4D printed continuous fiber reinforced shape memory polymer composites with enhanced mechanical properties and shape memory effects," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 180, p. 108085, 2024/05 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108085.
[582] B. P. Lee, P. B. Messersmith, J. N. Israelachvili, and J. H. Waite, "Mussel-inspired adhesives and coatings," Annual Review of Materials Research, vol. 41, pp. 99-132, 2020.
[583] T. Speck, R. Mülhaupt, and O. Speck, "Self-healing in plants as bio-inspiration for self-repairing polymers," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 125, p. 101476, 2022.
[584] E. Munch, M. E. Launey, D. H. Alsem, E. Saiz, A. P. Tomsia, and R. O. Ritchie, "Tough, bio-inspired hybrid materials," Science, vol. 322, no. 5907, pp. 1516-1520, 2021.
[585] W. Zhang, B. Wu, S. Sun, and P. Wu, "Skin-inspired design of a hybrid system with robust adhesion and low-temperature self-healing capability," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 420, p. 127679, 2021.
[586] E. D. Rodriguez, X. Luo, and P. T. Mather, "Linear/network poly(ε-caprolactone) blends exhibiting shape memory assisted self-healing (SMASH)," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 152-161, 2011, doi: 10.1021/am101012c.
[587] A. S. Ahmed, R. V. Ramanujan, and S. P. Khanal, "Magnetic field triggered multicycle damage sensing and self healing," Sci Rep, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 13695, 2020.
[588] R. K. Bose, N. Hohlbein, S. J. Garcia, A. M. Schmidt, and S. van der Zwaag, "Connecting supramolecular bond lifetime and network mobility for scratch healing in poly(butyl acrylate) ionomers containing sodium, zinc and cobalt," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1697-1704, 2019.
[589] D. Lossouarn, V. Aucagne, and L. Bouteiller, "X-ray computed tomography: A powerful tool to understand the self-healing behavior of supramolecular polymers," Macromolecules, vol. 54, no. 20, pp. 9510-9518, 2021.
[590] R. Geitner et al., "Two-dimensional Raman correlation spectroscopy reveals molecular structural changes during temperature-induced self-healing in polymers based on the Diels–Alder reaction," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 17, no. 35, pp. 22587-22595, 2020.
[591] R. P. Wool, "Bio-based polymers for self-healing applications," Green Chemistry, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 2890-2912, 2023.
[592] J. G. Hardy, M. Palma, S. J. Wind, and M. J. Biggs, "Responsive biomaterials: Advances in materials based on shape-memory polymers," Advanced Materials, vol. 28, no. 27, pp. 5717-5724, 2022.
[593] Y. Zhang et al., "A magnetic self-healing hydrogel," Chemical Communications, vol. 48, no. 69, pp. 9305-9307, 2023.
[594] M. Guerre, C. Taplan, J. M. Winne, and F. E. Du Prez, "Vitrimers: directing chemical reactivity to control material properties," Chemical Science, vol. 11, no. 19, pp. 4855-4870, 2020.
[595] Y. Liu, W. Zhang, and H. Wang, "Hierarchically structured self-healing polymers with tunable mechanical properties," Nat Commun, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 5682, 2021.
[596] Z. Yang, Z. Wei, X. Le, and Y. Chen, "Multiple stimuli-responsive self-healing metallo-supramolecular polymer networks," Chemical Communications, vol. 55, no. 74, pp. 11099-11102, 2019.
[597] H. M. Jonkers, A. Thijssen, G. Muyzer, O. Copuroglu, and E. Schlangen, "Application of bacteria as self-healing agent for the development of sustainable concrete," Ecological Engineering, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 230-235, 2021.
[598] J. Chiefari et al., "Living free-radical polymerization by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer: The RAFT process," Macromolecules, vol. 31, no. 16, pp. 5559-5562, 1998.
[599] J. Chiefari et al., "Functional Polymers by Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 42, pp. 6803-6836, 2013, doi: 10.1039/C3CS60044H.
[600] J. Nicolas, Y. Guillaneuf, C. Lefay, D. Bertin, D. Gigmes, and B. Charleux, "Nitroxide-mediated polymerization," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 63-235, 2013/01 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.06.002.
[601] G. David, C. Boyer, J. Tonnar, B. Ameduri, P. Lacroix-Desmazes, and B. Boutevin, "Use of iodocompounds in radical polymerization," Chem Rev, vol. 106, no. 9, pp. 3936-62, Sep 2006, doi: 10.1021/cr0509612.
[602] K. Matyjaszewski and J. Xia, "Atom transfer radical polymerization," Chemical Reviews, vol. 101, no. 9, pp. 2921-2990, 2001.
[603] J. P. Magnusson, A. Khan, G. Pasparakis, A. O. Saeed, W. Wang, and C. Alexander, "Ion-sensitive "isothermal" responsive polymers prepared in water," J Am Chem Soc, vol. 130, no. 33, pp. 10852-3, Aug 20 2008, doi: 10.1021/ja802609r.
[604] N. E. Kamber, W. Jeong, R. M. Waymouth, R. C. Pratt, B. G. Lohmeijer, and J. L. Hedrick, "Organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization," Chemical Reviews, vol. 107, no. 12, pp. 5813-5840, 2007.
[605] A. P. Dove, "Organic catalysis for ring-opening polymerization," ACS Macro Letters, vol. 1, no. 12, pp. 1409-1412, 2012.
[606] S. P. Nunes et al., "Switchable pH-Responsive Polymeric Membranes Prepared via Block Copolymer Micelle Assembly," ACS Nano, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 3516-3522, 2011/04/25 2011, doi: 10.1021/nn200484v.
[607] H. C. Kolb, M. G. Finn, and K. B. Sharpless, "Click chemistry: Diverse chemical function from a few good reactions," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 2004-2021, 2001.
[608] V. V. Rostovtsev, L. G. Green, V. V. Fokin, and K. B. Sharpless, "A stepwise huisgen cycloaddition process: Copper(I)-catalyzed regioselective “ligation” of azides and terminal alkynes," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 41, no. 14, pp. 2596-2599, 2002.
[609] R. A. Gross, A. Kumar, and B. Kalra, "Polymer synthesis by in vitro enzyme catalysis," Chemical Reviews, vol. 101, no. 7, pp. 2097-2124, 2001.
[610] T. Aida, E. W. Meijer, and S. I. Stupp, "Functional supramolecular polymers," Science, vol. 335, no. 6070, pp. 813-817, 2012.
[611] L. Yang, X. Tan, Z. Wang, and X. Zhang, "Supramolecular polymers: Historical development, preparation, characterization, and functions," Chemical Reviews, vol. 115, no. 15, pp. 7196-7239, 2015.
[612] J. L. Culshaw et al., "Dodecaamide cages: organic 12-arm building blocks for supramolecular chemistry," J Am Chem Soc, vol. 135, no. 27, pp. 10007-10, Jul 10 2013, doi: 10.1021/ja403987j.
[613] I. Dimitrov, B. Trzebicka, A. H. E. Müller, A. Dworak, and C. B. Tsvetanov, "Thermosensitive water-soluble copolymers with doubly responsive reversibly interacting entities," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 1275-1343, 2007/11 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.07.001.
[614] G. Moad, Y. K. Chong, A. Postma, E. Rizzardo, and S. H. Thang, "Advances in RAFT polymerization: The synthesis of polymers with defined end-groups," Polymer, vol. 46, no. 19, pp. 8458-8468, 2011.
[615] R. W. Adams, "Pure shift NMR spectroscopy," in eMagRes, 2009, pp. 295-310.
[616] A. M. Striegel, W. W. Yau, J. J. Kirkland, and D. D. Bly, Modern size-exclusion liquid chromatography: Practice of gel permeation and gel filtration chromatography, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
[617] L. A. Wood, "High-temperature gel permeation chromatography," in Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry: John Wiley & Sons, 2020.
[618] W. Schärtl, Light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions. Springer, 2007.
[619] Q. Zhang, C. Weber, U. S. Schubert, and R. Hoogenboom, "Thermoresponsive polymers with lower critical solution temperature: From fundamental aspects and measuring techniques to recommended turbidimetry conditions," Materials Horizons, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 592-619, 2015.
[620] J. D. Menczel and R. B. Prime, Thermal analysis of polymers: Fundamentals and applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
[621] W. M. Huang, B. Yang, L. An, C. Li, and Y. S. Chan, "Water-driven programmable polyurethane shape memory polymer: Demonstration and mechanism," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 86, no. 11, 2005/03/08 2005, doi: 10.1063/1.1880448.
[622] I. W. Hamley, Small-angle scattering: Theory, instrumentation, data and applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2021.
[623] R. H. Colby, "Structure and linear viscoelasticity of flexible polymer solutions: Comparison of polyelectrolyte and neutral polymer solutions," Rheologica Acta, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 425-442, 2010.
[624] L. C. Sawyer, D. T. Grubb, and G. F. Meyers, Polymer microscopy, 3rd ed. Springer, 2008.
[625] B. H. Stuart, Infrared spectroscopy: Fundamentals and applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
[626] M. A. Darabi et al., "Skin-Inspired Multifunctional Autonomic-Intrinsic Conductive Self-Healing Hydrogels with Pressure Sensitivity, Stretchability, and 3D Printability," Adv Mater, vol. 29, no. 31, Aug 2017, doi: 10.1002/adma.201700533.
[627] N. U. Khaliq et al., "Pluronics: Intelligent building units for targeted cancer therapy and molecular imaging," Int J Pharm, vol. 556, pp. 30-44, Feb 10 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.064.
[628] W. Xie et al., "Injectable and Self-Healing Thermosensitive Magnetic Hydrogel for Asynchronous Control Release of Doxorubicin and Docetaxel to Treat Triple-Negative Breast Cancer," ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 9, no. 39, pp. 33660-33673, Oct 4 2017, doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b10699.
[629] F. Asghari, M. Samiei, K. Adibkia, A. Akbarzadeh, and S. Davaran, "Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers for tissue engineering application: a review," Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 185-192, Mar 2017, doi: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1146731.
[630] F.-Y. Hsieh, L. Tao, Y. Wei, and S.-h. Hsu, "A novel biodegradable self-healing hydrogel to induce blood capillary formation," NPG Asia Materials, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. e363-e363, 2017/03 2017, doi: 10.1038/am.2017.23.
[631] E. Fallahiarezoudar, M. Ahmadipourroudposht, A. Idris, and N. Mohd Yusof, "A review of: application of synthetic scaffold in tissue engineering heart valves," Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, vol. 48, pp. 556-65, Mar 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.016.
[632] J. Malda et al., "25th anniversary article: Engineering hydrogels for biofabrication," Adv Mater, vol. 25, no. 36, pp. 5011-28, Sep 25 2013, doi: 10.1002/adma.201302042.
[633] E. Ramirez, S. G. Burillo, C. Barrera-Diaz, G. Roa, and B. Bilyeu, "Use of pH-sensitive polymer hydrogels in lead removal from aqueous solution," J Hazard Mater, vol. 192, no. 2, pp. 432-9, Aug 30 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.109.
[634] J. Hu and S. Liu, "Responsive Polymers for Detection and Sensing Applications: Current Status and Future Developments," Macromolecules, vol. 43, no. 20, pp. 8315-8330, 2010/09/17 2010, doi: 10.1021/ma1005815.
[635] T. Shah and S. Halacheva, "Drug-releasing textiles," in Advances in Smart Medical Textiles, ed: Elsevier, 2016, pp. 119-154.
[636] M. Guembe-Garcia et al., "Efficient extraction of textile dyes using reusable acrylic-based smart polymers," J Hazard Mater, vol. 476, p. 135006, Sep 5 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135006.
[637] Q. Rong, W. Lei, and M. Liu, "Conductive Hydrogels as Smart Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices," Chemistry, vol. 24, no. 64, pp. 16930-16943, Nov 16 2018, doi: 10.1002/chem.201801302.
[638] Y. Shang, J. Wang, T. Ikeda, and L. Jiang, "Bio-inspired liquid crystal actuator materials," Journal of Materials Chemistry C, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 3413-3428, 2019, doi: 10.1039/c9tc00107g.
[639] A. Dirani et al., "Reversible Photomodulation of the Swelling of Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes," Macromolecules, vol. 45, no. 23, pp. 9400-9408, 2012/11/30 2012, doi: 10.1021/ma302106c.
[640] T. K. Chahal, "Recent Advances in Self-Healing Concrete: Mechanisms and Applications," Cement and Concrete Research, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008884623000935.
[641] M. R. Esfahani, "Development of self-healing concrete using various encapsulation techniques: A review," Journal of Building Engineering, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352710222002397.
[642] M. Mostavi and M. Asadi Shamsabadi, "Self-Healing Concrete: A Review of Recent Developments and Future Prospects," Construction and Building Materials, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061822009950.
[643] R. Siddique, "Bacteria-based self-healing concrete for sustainable construction: A review," Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652621005251.
[644] J. Wang, "Evaluation of microcapsule-based self-healing concrete performance and sustainability," Materials, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/7/2587.
[645] C. Santulli, S. I. Patel, G. Jeronimidis, F. J. Davis, and G. R. Mitchell, "Development of smart variable stiffness actuators using polymer hydrogels," Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 434-440, 2005/03/22 2005, doi: 10.1088/0964-1726/14/2/018.
[646] V. Bhuvaneswari, "Recent advancements in polymer composites for damage repair applications," in Polymer Composite Systems in Pipeline Repair, ed: Elsevier, 2023, pp. 1-26.
[647] R. Baetens, B. P. Jelle, and A. Gustavsen, "Properties, requirements and possibilities of smart windows for dynamic daylight and solar energy control in buildings: A state-of-the-art review," Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 87-105, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2009.08.021.
[648] S. J. Garcia, "Effect of polymer architecture on the intrinsic self-healing character of polymers," European Polymer Journal, vol. 53, pp. 118-125, 2014/04 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.01.026.
[649] Y. Zhang, S. Wang, X. Li, J. A. Chen, and Y. J. Hong, "High performance siloxane elastomers enable intrinsically stretchable organic electrochemical transistors," Matter, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 178-189, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451929418303127.
[650] S. Macionis et al., "Does Through‐Space Charge Transfer in Bipolar Hosts Affect the Efficiency of Blue OLEDs?," Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 9, no. 7, p. 2002227, 2021, doi: 10.1002/adom.202002227.
[651] J. Li, L. Xu, and H. Zhang, "Recent advances and future trends in smart polymers: challenges in synthesis, scalability, and cost-effectiveness," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 129, p. 101568, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101568.
[652] Kamila, "Introduction, Classification and Applications of Smart Materials: An Overview," American Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 876-880, 2013/08/01 2013, doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2013.876.880.
[653] M. Cianchetti, V. Mattoli, B. Mazzolai, C. Laschi, and P. Dario, "A new design methodology of electrostrictive actuators for bio-inspired robotics," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 288-297, 2009/10 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2009.08.039.
[654] D. Kluge, J. C. Singer, J. W. Neubauer, F. Abraham, H. W. Schmidt, and A. Fery, "Influence of the molecular structure and morphology of self-assembled 1,3,5-benzenetrisamide nanofibers on their mechanical properties," Small, vol. 8, no. 16, pp. 2563-70, Aug 20 2012, doi: 10.1002/smll.201200259.
[655] C. Kim, A. Chandrasekaran, S. Jha, and et al., "Machine Learning for Polymer Informatics: Current Status and Future Directions," Chemical Reviews, vol. 123, no. 5, pp. 2416-2472, 2023, doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00441.
[656] H.-T. Liu et al., "Enhanced thermoelectric performance of n-type Nb-doped PbTe by compensating resonant level and inducing atomic disorder," Materials Today Physics, vol. 24, p. 100677, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2022.100677.
[657] Y. Forterre, J. M. Skotheim, J. Dumais, and L. Mahadevan, "How the Venus flytrap snaps," Nature, vol. 433, no. 7024, pp. 421-5, Jan 27 2005, doi: 10.1038/nature03185.
[658] T. Zhang, X. Liu, J. Wang, and et al., "Artificial Intelligence in Smart Polymer Design," Advanced Intelligent Systems, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 2000171, 2021, doi: 10.1002/aisy.202000171.