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کد مقاله : 514124 بازدید : 114 صفحه: 83 - 92

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

اثر فلزات سنگین کادمیوم و نیکل بر عملکرد و صفات زراعی گیاه دارویی خرفه

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

مهراب یادگاری 1 , سحر کریمی 2

1 - استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی شهرکرد، ایران.
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/02/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/07/18 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/03/01

کلید واژه: هِوی متال, Portulaca oleracea, Ni, Cd, سمیت خاک,

چکیده مقاله :

گیاه پالایی تکنیکی جهت پالایش زمین و اصلاح خاک های آلوده از فلزات سنگین است. به دلیل انتشار آسان، همچنین تحمل بالا به خشکی، شوری و فلزات سنگین،خرفه به عنوان یک گیاه انباشتگر‌ فلزات سنگین مطرح می باشد.به منظور بررسی اثر فلزات سنگین نیکل و کادمیوم بر رشد، عملکرد و سایر صفات زراعی گیاه دارویی خرفه، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت فاکتوریل با دو عامل سطوح مختلف نیکل ( 0، 20، 60 و 120 میلی گرم بر کیلو گرم) و سطوح مختلف کادمیوم ( 0، 5، 20 و 40 میلی گرم بر کیلو گرم) در بهار و تابستان سال 1391 به صورت گلدانی در مزرعه ی تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که سطوح مختلف کادمیوم و نیکل، تأثیر معنی‌داری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه خرفه داشته و با افزایش غلظت، مقدار صفات ارزیابی شده به طور معنی داری نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر و خشک شاخساره و ریشه ی گیاه، درصد عصاره مربوط به گیاهان شاهد و پایین‌ترین میزان مربوط به گیاهان تحت تیمار با بالاترین سطوح آلودگی ترکیبی نیکل (120 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) و کادمیوم (40 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) و نیز تیمار منفرد کادمیوم (40 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) بود. همچنین نقش منفی کادمیوم به مراتب بیشتر از نیکل بود و باعث کاهش شدید صفات مورد بررسی گردید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to soil remediation from pollution by heavy metals, a new technical has been recently proposed called phytoremediation. Purslane is also highly tolerant against lack of water and salinity and can be regarded as a hyper accumulator of heavy metals. To study the effect of the nickel and cadmium on growth, yield and other characters of Portulacaoleracea L. a pot experiment was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications in the field of Azad University of Shahrekord, Iran, in the spring and summer of 2012. Treatments of this experiment included different levels of nickel (0, 20, 60, 120 mg/kg) and different levels of cadmium (0, 5, 20, 40 mg/kg). The results of this research showed that different levels of nickel and cadmium have a significant effect on the morphological and physiological characters of Portulacaoleracea L. and along with increasing the concentration of the heavy metals, these characters significantly decreased in comparison with the control plants. In classifying the averages of height, shoot and root dry matter and percentage of the extract, the highest amount belonged to the control plants and the lowest amount to the plants under combined treatment of nickel (120 mg/kg) and cadmium (40 mg/kg) and the single treatment of cadmium (40 mg/kg). Furthermore, the toxic properties of cadmium are more than nickel  decreased most of measured characters.

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