اثر تاریخ کشت بر جمعیت علف‌های هرز و شناسایی گونه‌های غالب مزرعه نخود
محورهای موضوعی :
بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
احسان فتحی
1
,
ایرج طهماسبی
2
,
نسرین تیموری
3
1 - دانش آموختگان کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کشاورزی
دانشگاه کردستان
2 - عضو هیأت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی
دانشگاه کردستان
3 - دانش آموختگان کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کشاورزی
دانشگاه کردستان
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/09/11
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/02/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/03/01
کلید واژه:
&bull,
تراکم نسبی,
&bull,
تداخل,
&bull,
دیرکاشت,
&bull,
زودکاشت,
&bull,
شیر پنیر,
&bull,
ماستونک,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیدهبه منظور تعیین میزان خسارت علف های هرز در تاریخ های مختلف کشت و شناسایی گونه های غالب علف هرز مزرعه نخود آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه کردستان واقع در شهرستان دهگلان در سال زراعی 92-1391 به صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. فاکتور اول تاریخ کاشت در سه سطح پاییزه، انتظاری، بهاره، فاکتور دوم در دو سطح تداخل علف های هرز و عدم تداخل و فاکتور سوم ژنوتیپ های نخودILC482 ، آزاد، آرمان، پیروز و کاکا اجرا گردید. فراوانی گونه های علف هرز در کشت پاییزه بیش تر از کشت انتظاری و بهاره بود. ماستونک، شیر پنیر و شمعدانی وحشی گونه های غالب مزرعه نخود بودند. گونه های شیر پنیر و ماستونک در کشت پاییزه دارای بیشترین فراوانی بودند. در کشت انتظاری علف هرز ماستونک و در کشت بهاره علف هرز پیچک صحرایی دارای بیشترین فراوانی بودند. در کشت پاییزه بیش ترین تراکم نسبی مربوط به ماستونک بود. ماستونک در کشت پاییزه حدود نیمی از اهمیت نسبی کل علف های هرز را دارا بود. ماستونک، شیر پنیر و پیچک صحرایی به دلیل خصوصیات ظاهری و تیپ رشدی کار برداشت نخود را با سختی مواجه می کنند. بیش ترین تراکم علف های هرز در تاریخ کشت پاییزه ثبت شد. با توجه به تراکم بالای علف های هرز در کشت های مختلف در صورت عدم مهار آن ها به خصوص در کشت بهاره که با کمبود رطوبت در طی رشد مواجه است کاهش شدید عملکرد نخود قابل پیش بینی است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
ABSTRACT An experiment was carried out as a factorial based on completely randomized design in three replication to determinate damages caused by weeds in three different planting dates and identification of dominant weed species in chickpea farms in Kurdistan University Research Farm located in Dehgolan during the cropping year of 2012-13. The three experiment factors were conducted as follows: the first factor, sowing date in three levels of autumn, waiting and spring, the second factor in two levels of weed interference and non-interference and the third factor was chickpea cultivars including ILC482, Azad, Arman, Pirouz and Kaka. Abundance of weed species in autumn sowing was higher than waiting and spring planting. Galium tricornotum, Turgenia latifolia and Geranium tubrosum were dominant species in pea farm. Galium tricornotum and Turgenia latifolia were the most abundant species in autumn sowing. Turgenia latifolia and convolvulus arvensis were the most abundant species in witing and spring planting, respectively. The highest relative density in autumn sowing date was obtained from Turgenia latifolia. Turgenia latifolia had almost 50% of relative importance of all weed species in autumn sowing. Turgenia latifolia, Galium Tricornotum and convolvulus arvensis make it difficult to harvest chickpea because of their morphological characteristics and growth traits. The highest density of weed species was recorded in autumn sowing date. Due to high density of weed species in different plantings, if they were not controlled, remarkable reduction in chickpea yield would be predictable, especially in spring sowing which is faced with moisture deficiency during growth.
منابع و مأخذ:
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