پایداری فیتوشیمیایی مرزه در شرایط نگهداری فراسرد
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعیشبنم شهبازی 1 , فاطمه سفیدکن 2 * , عباس قمری زارع 3
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران
2 - مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 - مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: اسانس, حفاظت فراسرد, ژرم‌‌پلاسم گیاهی, نگهداری طولانی‌‌مدت,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور مقایسه نوع و میزان ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی مرزه به عنوان یک گونه ارزشمند، بومی و در خطر انقراض ایران، در شرایط فراسرد، بذور مرزه به مدت 1 هفته در نیتروژن مایع با دمای 196- درجه سلسیوس نگهداری شدند. اسانس‌گیری از سرشاخه‌های گلدار حاصل از این بذور به روش تقطیر با آب انجام گرفت و ترکیبات تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس با روش کروماتوگرافی گازی و کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف‌سنج جرمی شناسایی شد. تعداد 15 و 16 ترکیب به ترتیب از اسانس سرشاخه‌های مرزه حاصل از بذور نگهداری شده در شرایط فراسرد و معمولی شناسایی شد و ترکیبات عمده شامل کارواکرول، پاراسیمن و تیمول بودند. از لحاظ نوع و درصد ترکیبات موجود در اسانس تفاوت قابل توجهی بین گیاهان شاهد و فراسرد مشاهده نشد. بنابراین، با استفاده از فناوری فراسرد می توان بذر این گونه ارزشمند را برای مدت زمان بسیار طولانی حفظ و از خطر انقراض این گونه منحصر به فرد جلوگیری نمود.
This research was aimed to compare the type and content of phytochemical compounds of Satureja rechingeri as a valuable, indigenous and endangered species of Iran under cryopreservation. The seeds were kept in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C for 1 week. The flowering shoots resulted from the treated seeds were collected and dried in the laboratory condition and their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation method. The essential oil compositions were determined using analytical gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Finally, 15 and 16 componentswere identified in the essential oils in the cryopreservation and control groups, respectively. The main components in the essential oil were carvacrol, p-cymeneand and thymol. Regarding the type and percentage of compounds existing in the essential oil, there was no significant difference among the control and cryopreservation treatments. Therefore by cryopreservation technique, the seeds of this valuable endangered species could be preserved for a long period and its extinction may be avoided.
- Ahuja S, Mandal BB, Dixit S, Srivastava PS (2002) Molecular, phenotypic and biosynthetic stability of plants recovered from cryopreserved shoot-tips of Dioscorea floribunda. Plant Science 163: 971-977.
- Chaudhary R, Choudhury R, Malik SK, Susheel K, Digvender P (2013) Genetic stability of mulberry germplasm after cryopreservation by two- step freezing technique. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(4): 5983-5993.
- Dixit S, Mandal BB, Ahuja S, Srivastava PS (2003) Genetic stability assessment of plants regenerated from cryopreserved embryogenic tissues of Dioscorea bulbifera L. using RAPD, biochemical and morphological analysis. Cryoletters 24(2): 77-84.
- Elleuch H, Gazeau C, David H, David A (1998) Cryopreservation does not affect the expression of a foreign Sam gen in transgenic Papaver somniferon cells. Plant cell Reports 18: 94-98.
- Fretz A, Lorz H (1995) Cryopreservation of in vitro culture of barley (Hordeum murinum L.) and transgenic cells of barley (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 4: 489- 496.
- Harding K (2004) Genetic integrity of cryopreserved plant cells. A review. Cryoletters 25: 3-22.
- Harding K, Benson EE (2000) Analysis of nuclear and chloroplast DNA in plants regenerated from cryopreservation shoot- tips of potato. Cryoletters 21: 279- 289.
- Jalili A, Jamzad Z (1999) Red data Book of Iran. A preliminary survey of endemic rare and endangered plant species in Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangland 323- 331. [in Persian]
- Li Z A, Du YQ, Wang Z C (2013) Effect of cryopreservation on the efficiency of exogenous gene, genetic transformation and expression level of Arabidopsis thaliana. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology available online as <http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/index.php/ejbiotechnology/article/view/v16n6-12/1788 > on 12 November 2017.
10. Mandal BB, Chaudhury R, Engelmann F, Bhag Mal K, Tao L, Dhillon BS (2003) Conservation biotechnology of plant germplasm NBPGR, Biodiversity International, Library and Information Services. New Dehli India.
11. Marco-Medina A, Casas JL (2013) RAPD and phytochemical analysis of Thymus moroderi plantlets after cryopreservation. Cryoletters 34(2): 119- 127.
12. Matsumoto T, Akihiro T, Maki S, Mochida K, Kitagawa M, Tanaka D, Yamamoto S, Niino T (2013) Genetic stability assessment of Wsabi plants regenerated from long- term cryopreserved shoot tips using morphological, biochemical and molecular analysis. Cryoletters 34(2): 128-136.
13. Panis B, Lambardi M (2005) Status of cryopreservation technology in plant (crops and forest trees). The Role of Biotechnology 43- 50.
14. Peredo EL, Arroyo-Garcia R, Reed BM, Revilla MA (2008) Genetic and epigenetic stability of cryopreserved and cold- stored hops (Humulus lupulus L). Cryobiology 224- 234.
15. Rosa N, Castillo F, Bassil N V, Wada S, Reed B M (2010) Genetic stability of cryopreserved shoot tips of Rubus germplasm. In vitro cell 46: 246- 256.
16. Scocchi A, Falici M, Medina S, Olmos S, Mroginski L (2004) Plant recovery of cryopreserved apical meristems- tips of Melia azadarach L. using encapsulation/ dehydration and assessment of their genetic stability. Euphytica 135: 29- 38
17. Wang Z, Lie JSh, Zhang ChW, He YX (2013) Analysis genetic stability in Prunus humilis Bung plants after cryopreservation twice. Advances in forestry letters 2(4): 67- 75.
18. Zhai Z, Wu Y, Engelmann F, Chen R, Zhao Y(2003) Genetic stability assessments of plantlets regenerated from cryopreserved in vitro cultures grape and kiwi shoot tips using RAPD. Cryoletters 24(5): 315- 322.
_||_- Ahuja S, Mandal BB, Dixit S, Srivastava PS (2002) Molecular, phenotypic and biosynthetic stability of plants recovered from cryopreserved shoot-tips of Dioscorea floribunda. Plant Science 163: 971-977.
- Chaudhary R, Choudhury R, Malik SK, Susheel K, Digvender P (2013) Genetic stability of mulberry germplasm after cryopreservation by two- step freezing technique. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(4): 5983-5993.
- Dixit S, Mandal BB, Ahuja S, Srivastava PS (2003) Genetic stability assessment of plants regenerated from cryopreserved embryogenic tissues of Dioscorea bulbifera L. using RAPD, biochemical and morphological analysis. Cryoletters 24(2): 77-84.
- Elleuch H, Gazeau C, David H, David A (1998) Cryopreservation does not affect the expression of a foreign Sam gen in transgenic Papaver somniferon cells. Plant cell Reports 18: 94-98.
- Fretz A, Lorz H (1995) Cryopreservation of in vitro culture of barley (Hordeum murinum L.) and transgenic cells of barley (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 4: 489- 496.
- Harding K (2004) Genetic integrity of cryopreserved plant cells. A review. Cryoletters 25: 3-22.
- Harding K, Benson EE (2000) Analysis of nuclear and chloroplast DNA in plants regenerated from cryopreservation shoot- tips of potato. Cryoletters 21: 279- 289.
- Jalili A, Jamzad Z (1999) Red data Book of Iran. A preliminary survey of endemic rare and endangered plant species in Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangland 323- 331. [in Persian]
- Li Z A, Du YQ, Wang Z C (2013) Effect of cryopreservation on the efficiency of exogenous gene, genetic transformation and expression level of Arabidopsis thaliana. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology available online as <http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/index.php/ejbiotechnology/article/view/v16n6-12/1788 > on 12 November 2017.
10. Mandal BB, Chaudhury R, Engelmann F, Bhag Mal K, Tao L, Dhillon BS (2003) Conservation biotechnology of plant germplasm NBPGR, Biodiversity International, Library and Information Services. New Dehli India.
11. Marco-Medina A, Casas JL (2013) RAPD and phytochemical analysis of Thymus moroderi plantlets after cryopreservation. Cryoletters 34(2): 119- 127.
12. Matsumoto T, Akihiro T, Maki S, Mochida K, Kitagawa M, Tanaka D, Yamamoto S, Niino T (2013) Genetic stability assessment of Wsabi plants regenerated from long- term cryopreserved shoot tips using morphological, biochemical and molecular analysis. Cryoletters 34(2): 128-136.
13. Panis B, Lambardi M (2005) Status of cryopreservation technology in plant (crops and forest trees). The Role of Biotechnology 43- 50.
14. Peredo EL, Arroyo-Garcia R, Reed BM, Revilla MA (2008) Genetic and epigenetic stability of cryopreserved and cold- stored hops (Humulus lupulus L). Cryobiology 224- 234.
15. Rosa N, Castillo F, Bassil N V, Wada S, Reed B M (2010) Genetic stability of cryopreserved shoot tips of Rubus germplasm. In vitro cell 46: 246- 256.
16. Scocchi A, Falici M, Medina S, Olmos S, Mroginski L (2004) Plant recovery of cryopreserved apical meristems- tips of Melia azadarach L. using encapsulation/ dehydration and assessment of their genetic stability. Euphytica 135: 29- 38
17. Wang Z, Lie JSh, Zhang ChW, He YX (2013) Analysis genetic stability in Prunus humilis Bung plants after cryopreservation twice. Advances in forestry letters 2(4): 67- 75.
18. Zhai Z, Wu Y, Engelmann F, Chen R, Zhao Y(2003) Genetic stability assessments of plantlets regenerated from cryopreserved in vitro cultures grape and kiwi shoot tips using RAPD. Cryoletters 24(5): 315- 322.