خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد چای ترش در سطوح مختلف نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در شرایط آب و هوایی سراوان
محورهای موضوعی :
بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
حمید رضا گنجعلی
1
(استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد زاهدان،
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران)
افسانه کمالی دلجو
2
(عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران و نخبگان دانشگاه آزاد واحد زاهدان)
امید عزیزیان شرمه
3
(عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران)
محمد لکی زهی
4
(کارشناس ارشد زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/12
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/12/19
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/02/01
کلید واژه:
اوره,
تغذیه گیاهی,
چای مکه,
چای قرمز,
سوپر فسفات تریپل,
سولفات پتاسیم,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور تعیین تأثیر سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم بر برخی خصوصیات رشد و عملکردی چای ترش، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 92-1391 به صورت اسپیلت اسپیلت پلات در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در بخش مرکزی روستای شمس آباد شهرستان سراوان اجرا گردید. در این آزمایش، پتاسیم از منبع سولفات پتاسیم به عنوان فاکتور اصلی، شامل 0، 25 و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار به صورت مصرف خاکی هم‌زمان با کاشت اعمال گردید. کود فسفره از منبع سوپر فسفات تریپل شامل 0، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار به عنوان فاکتور فرعی هم‌زمان با کاشت به‌صورت مصرف خاکی و نیتروژن از منبع اوره شامل 0، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار به عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شد و به صورت سرک در سه مرحله ابتدای کاشت، مرحله شاخه دهی و 50% گلدهی در کنار ردیف‌های کاشت به خاک اضافه شد. کود پتاسیم و کود نیتروژن تأثیر معنی‌داری بر ارتفاع گیاه، وزن خشک غوزه، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک داشتند، کود فسفر نیز بر همه صفات غیر از تعداد دانه در غوزه و وزن هزار دانه تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت. برهم‌کنش کودها صفات مورد بررسی را به طور معنی داری تحت تأثیر قرار داد. با افزایش سطح هر یک از کودها اغلب صفات رویشی و زایشی افزایش یافته و بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک و تعداد دانه در غوزه در استفاده هم زمان از سه کود حاصل گردید. در مجموع، در شرایط آبی و خاکی منطقه سراوان مصرف کود فسفر و پتاسیم در تعدیل خسارات ناشی از تنش خشکی بر گیاه دارویی چای ترش توصیه می‌شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
To study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium different rates on some growth and yield characteristics of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.( and experiment in split-split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Shamsabad, Saravan Iran in 2012-2013. Main factor was potassium from sulphate potassium source in 0, 25 and 50 kg/ha as soil application in planting time. Phosphorus from triple superphosphate source in 0, 50 and 100 kg/ha assigned as sub-factor as soil application in planting time. Sub-sub factors was nitrogen from urea source including 0, 50, 100 kg/ha applied as topdress in early planting, branching and 50% flowering stages potassium. Pottasium and nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on plant height, boll dry weight, thousand kernal weight and biomass. Also, phosphorus fertilizer had significant effect on all traits but seed number in boll and thousand kernal weight. Fertilizer interaction effected on studied traits significantly. Increasing in fertilizer rate increased most of vegetative and reproductive traits. The most biological yield and number of seed per boll were obtained in simultaneous application of all fertilizers. On the whole, in Saravan region soil and climate condition application of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer can be used in drought stress damages depression in roselle plantations.
منابع و مأخذ:
Akhtar MS, Oki Y, Adachi T (2009) Mobilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble P-sources by Brassica cultivars under P-starved environment I. Differential growth response, P-efficiency characteristics and P- remobilization. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 51(11): 1008-1023.
Abo-Baker AA, Mostafa GG (2011)Effect of bio-and chemical fertilizers on growth, sepals yield and chemical composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa at new reclaimed soil of South Valley area. Asian Journal of Crop Science 3(1): 16-25.
Golparvar AR, Ghasemipirbalouti A, Karimi M (2011) Determination of the effective traits on essence percent and dry flower yield in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) populations. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 5(14): 3242-3246.
Ahmadian A, Ghanbari A, Siahsar BA (2011) Study of the yield and its components of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic and inorganic fertilizers using and their residue. Agroecology 3(3): 383-395. [in Persian with English abstract]
Karamanos RE (2013) Nutrition uptake and metabolism in crops. Prairie Soils and Crops 6: 52-63.
Abbas MK, Ali AS (2011) Effect of foliar application of NPK on some growth characters of two cultivars of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). American Journal of Plant Physiology 6(4): 220-227.
Ahmadi A, Ehsanzadeh P, Jabbari F (2009) Introduction to Plant Physiology. University of Tehran Press: Tehran. [in Persian]
Kalmbacher RS, Martin FG, Rechcigl JE (1993) Effect of N-P-K fertilization on yield and tiller density of creeping bluestem. Journal of Range Management Archives 46(5): 452-457.
Karimi A (2009) Assessment of flood irrigation regimes on nitrogen use efficiency for sugar beet. Journal of Plant Production 16(1): 133-148. [in Persian with English abstract]
Egharevba RKA, Law-Ogbomo KE (2007) Comparative effects of two nitrogen sources on the growth and the yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in rainforest region: a case study of Benin-city, Edo state, Nigeria. Journal of Agronomy 6(1): 142-146.
Ibrahim MM, Hussein RM (2006) Variability, habitability and genetic advance in some genotypes of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2(3): 340-345.
Nabizadeh M,Kafi M, Rashed M (2003) Effects of salinity on growth, yield, elemental concentration and essential oil percent of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 1(1): 53-60. [in Persian with English abstract]
Okosun LA, Magaji MD, Yakubu AI (2006) The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa L.) in a semi-arid agro-ecology of Nigeria. Journal of Plant Sciences l(2): 154-160.
Pahlavan M, ForghaniA, Kiekha A (2006) Preparation of Sistan plain Partiality numerical map Annual. Final project report, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Sistan: Zabol, Iran. [in Persian]
Mosil J, Desta K, Teal RK, Martin KL, Lawles JW, Raun W (2006) Effect of foliar application of phosphorus on winter wheat grain yield, phosphorus uptake, and use efficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29(12): 2147-2163.
Raghothama KG, Karthikeyan AS (2005) Phosphate acquisition. Plant and Soil 274(1/2): 37-49.
Raisi Sarbijan AR, Broomand N, Zaherara T (2016) The effect of nitrogen and zinc foliar application on quantitative traits of tea rosslle (hibiscus sabdariffa) in Jiroft zone. Journal of Horticultural Science 30(1): 93-101. [in Persian with English abstract].
Salardini A (2004) Soil Fertility. Tehran University Press: Tehran. [in Persian]
Talebi M (2009) The effect of zinc and salinity on growth, chemical composition and vascular tissue in two varieties of nuts. Master thesis, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan: Rafsanjan, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Vance CP, Uhde-Stone C, Allan DL (2003) Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants securing a nonrenewable resource. New Phytologist 157(3): 423-447.
_||_
Akhtar MS, Oki Y, Adachi T (2009) Mobilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble P-sources by Brassica cultivars under P-starved environment I. Differential growth response, P-efficiency characteristics and P- remobilization. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 51(11): 1008-1023.
Abo-Baker AA, Mostafa GG (2011)Effect of bio-and chemical fertilizers on growth, sepals yield and chemical composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa at new reclaimed soil of South Valley area. Asian Journal of Crop Science 3(1): 16-25.
Golparvar AR, Ghasemipirbalouti A, Karimi M (2011) Determination of the effective traits on essence percent and dry flower yield in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) populations. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 5(14): 3242-3246.
Ahmadian A, Ghanbari A, Siahsar BA (2011) Study of the yield and its components of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic and inorganic fertilizers using and their residue. Agroecology 3(3): 383-395. [in Persian with English abstract]
Karamanos RE (2013) Nutrition uptake and metabolism in crops. Prairie Soils and Crops 6: 52-63.
Abbas MK, Ali AS (2011) Effect of foliar application of NPK on some growth characters of two cultivars of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). American Journal of Plant Physiology 6(4): 220-227.
Ahmadi A, Ehsanzadeh P, Jabbari F (2009) Introduction to Plant Physiology. University of Tehran Press: Tehran. [in Persian]
Kalmbacher RS, Martin FG, Rechcigl JE (1993) Effect of N-P-K fertilization on yield and tiller density of creeping bluestem. Journal of Range Management Archives 46(5): 452-457.
Karimi A (2009) Assessment of flood irrigation regimes on nitrogen use efficiency for sugar beet. Journal of Plant Production 16(1): 133-148. [in Persian with English abstract]
Egharevba RKA, Law-Ogbomo KE (2007) Comparative effects of two nitrogen sources on the growth and the yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in rainforest region: a case study of Benin-city, Edo state, Nigeria. Journal of Agronomy 6(1): 142-146.
Ibrahim MM, Hussein RM (2006) Variability, habitability and genetic advance in some genotypes of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2(3): 340-345.
Nabizadeh M,Kafi M, Rashed M (2003) Effects of salinity on growth, yield, elemental concentration and essential oil percent of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 1(1): 53-60. [in Persian with English abstract]
Okosun LA, Magaji MD, Yakubu AI (2006) The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa L.) in a semi-arid agro-ecology of Nigeria. Journal of Plant Sciences l(2): 154-160.
Pahlavan M, ForghaniA, Kiekha A (2006) Preparation of Sistan plain Partiality numerical map Annual. Final project report, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Sistan: Zabol, Iran. [in Persian]
Mosil J, Desta K, Teal RK, Martin KL, Lawles JW, Raun W (2006) Effect of foliar application of phosphorus on winter wheat grain yield, phosphorus uptake, and use efficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29(12): 2147-2163.
Raghothama KG, Karthikeyan AS (2005) Phosphate acquisition. Plant and Soil 274(1/2): 37-49.
Raisi Sarbijan AR, Broomand N, Zaherara T (2016) The effect of nitrogen and zinc foliar application on quantitative traits of tea rosslle (hibiscus sabdariffa) in Jiroft zone. Journal of Horticultural Science 30(1): 93-101. [in Persian with English abstract].
Salardini A (2004) Soil Fertility. Tehran University Press: Tehran. [in Persian]
Talebi M (2009) The effect of zinc and salinity on growth, chemical composition and vascular tissue in two varieties of nuts. Master thesis, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan: Rafsanjan, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Vance CP, Uhde-Stone C, Allan DL (2003) Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants securing a nonrenewable resource. New Phytologist 157(3): 423-447.
