اثر سطوح کود نیتروژن و فواصل کشت بر عملکرد دانه و خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی کشت دوم کلزا بعد از برنج
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعیمحمد ربیعی 1 , مهرداد جیلانی 2
1 - پژوهشگر مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور
2 - پژوهشگر مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور
کلید واژه: کشت دوم, اوره, عملکرد روغن, تراکم کاشت, کلزا,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق بهمنظور بررسی اثر سطوح کود نیتروژن و فواصل کشت بر عملکرد دانه و خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی کلزا (Brassica napus L.) رقم هایولا 308 در اراضی شالیزاری موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور به مدت دو سال زراعی به مرحله اجرا درآمد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اول، سطوح نیتروژن از منبع کود اوره در چهار سطح، شامل: 98، 140، 182 و 224 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. فاکتور دوم، فاصله خطوط کاشت در سه سطح، شامل: 20، 25 و 30 سانتیمتر بود. در این آزمایش صفات مهم زراعی از قبیل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن، زمان شروع گلدهی و طول دوره رویش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس مرکب بین تیمارها بیانگرآن بود که بین سال های مورد آزمایش، از نظر عملکرد دانه اختلاف معنیداری وجود نداشت. بین سطوح نیتروژن، تیمار مصرف 224 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2189 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد روغن (1001 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (7142 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، ارتفاع بوته (9/111 سانتیمتر) و ارتفاع پایینترین شاخه خورجین دار از سطح زمین را با میانگین 4/34 سانتیمتر دارا بود. از میان فواصل ردیفهای کاشت، فاصله 20 سانتیمتر با 1947، 4/887 و 6652 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن و عملکرد بیولوژیکی و ارتفاع بوته (9/109 سانتیمتر) را دارا بود. اگرچه تیمار مصرف 224 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در فاصله کشت 20 سانتیمتر بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن را به همراه داشت، ولی اثر متقابل بین سطوح نیتروژن و فواصل کشت معنیدار نبود.
The effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels and row spacing was studied on grain yield and morphological characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L., var. Hyola 308) as second cropping in paddy fields of Rice Research Institute of Iran. experiment was carried out for two years as factorial based on a randomize complete block design with three replications. The first factor was four nitrogen fertilizer levels from urea including 98, 140, 182 and 224 kg.ha-1 .The second factor was row spacing at three levels of 20, 25 and 30 cm. In this experiment, some important growth characteristics such as plant height, number of siliques per plant, number of seeds per silique, biological yield, harvest index, grain yield, oil yield, initiation of flowering and growth periods were studied. Results of the combined analysis of variance showed that there were no significant difference for grain yield between the two experimental years. Between nitrogen levels, the treatment of 224 kg ha-1 produced maximum grain yield (2189 kg ha-1), oil yield (1001 kg.ha-1), biological yield (7142 kg.ha-1), plant height (111.9 cm) and height of the lowest silique bearing branch from soil surface (34.4 cm). Row spacing of 20 cm showed the highest grain yield (1947 kg.ha-1), oil yield (887.4 kg.ha-1), biological yield (6652 kg.ha-1) and plant height (109.9 cm). Although the interactions between nitrogen levels and row spacing was not significant, maximum grain and oil yields were obtained by application of 224kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer in 20 cm row spacing.
Abadian H, Latifi N, Kamkar B, Bagheri B (2008) Effect of late sowing date and plant density on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of canola (RGS-003) in Gorgan. Journal of Agricultural and Natural Resources Science 15(5): 78-87. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Andrade FH, Calvino PA, Ciriloc A, Barbieria P (2002) Yield responses to narrow rows depend on increased radiation interception. Agronomy Journal 94: 975-980.
Basalma D (2008) The correlation and path analysis of yield and yield components of different winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 4(2): 120-125.
Biljili U, Sincik, M, Uzan A, Acikgoz E (2003) The influence of row spacing and seeding rate on seed yield and yield component of forage turnip (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 189(4): 250-254.
Bilsborrow PE, Evans EJ, Zhoa FD (1993) The influence of spring nitrogen on yield components and glucosinat content of autumn sown oilseed rape (B.napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge 120: 219-224.
Cheema MA, Malik MS (2001) Effect of row spacing and nitrogen management of agronomic traits and oil quality of canola (Brassica napus L.) Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science 38(3-4): 15-18.
Diepen Brock W (2000) Yield analysis of winter oil seed rape: A review. Field Crops Research 67: 35-49.
Doroodi MS, Malakooti MJ, Kavosi M, Balai MR, Shahabian M, Khademi Z, Majidi A, Kafi M (2000) Optimum recommendation of fertilizer for orchard and cultural crops of Guilan province. Technical Pub. No. 195. Jihad -e- Agriculture Ministry of Iran. 85 pp.
Faraji A (2004) Effects of row spacing and seed rate on yield and yield components of rapeseed. (Quontum Cultivar) in Gonbad. Seed and Plant Journal 20: 297- 314. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Fathi G, Bani-Saeedi A, Siadat A, Ebrahimpour Noorabadi F (2002) Effect of different levels of nitrogen and plant density on grain yield of canola (PF7045 cultivar) in Khuzestan climate. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 25 (1): 43-58. . [In Persian with English Abstract].
Hassanzadeh Gorttapeh, AA, Fathollahzadeh A, Nasrollahzadeh Asl A, Akhondi N (2008) Agronomic nitrogen efficiency in different wheat genotypes in Azerbijan-e- gharbi province. Electronical Journal of Crop Production 1 (1): 82-100. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Hocking PJ, Stapper M (1993) Effect of sowing time and nitrogen fertilizer rate on growth, yield and nitrogen accumulation of canola, mustard and wheat. In: Wratten N, Mailer RJ (Eds), Proceeding of 9th Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas, New South Wales, pp. 33-46.
Ibrahim AF, Abusteit E, Metwall EM (1989) Response of rape seed growth, yield, oil content and its fatty acids to nitrogen rates and application times. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, Egypt, 162: 107-112.
Jackson GD (2000) Effects of nitrogen and sulfur on canola yield and nutrient uptake. Agronomy Journal 92: 644-649
Jan, MT, Khan S (2000) Responses of wheat yield components to type of N-fertilizer levels and application time. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 3: 1227-1230 .
Jasinska Z, Malarz W, Budzynski W, Majkowski K (1991) Effect of row spacing and sowing rate on development and yield of winter rape. Field Crop Abstracts 44(4): 41-53.
Javidfar F, Roody D, Rahmanpour S (2001) Canola production. Oilseed Research Dept, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Press, Karaj, Iran. 53 pp.
Johnson BL, Hanson BK (2003) Row-spacing interception on spring canola performance in the northern great plains. Agronomy Journal 95: 703-708.
Khademi, Z, Rezaei H, Malakooti MJ, Mohajer-e-Milani P (1999) Optimal nutrition and fertilizer recommendation for rapeseed growers in soils of Iran. Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Iran. 33 pp.
Khan S, Moundel A (1999) Effects of row spacing on weed control and seed yield on rapeseed (Brassica napus). Sarhad Journal of Agriculture (Pakistan) 15(1): 1-30.
Leach, JE, Stevenson HJ, Rainbow AJ (1999) Effects of high plant populations on growth and yield of winter oilseed rape. Journal of Agricultural Science 132(2): 173-180 .
Malek Ahmadi, H, Alizade H, Majnoun Hosseini N, Shirani Rad AH (2009) Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on yield and some morphological traits of winter colza (Brassica napus L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 40(4): 173-182. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Marjanovic-Jeromela, A, Marinkovic R, Mijic A, Jankulovska M, Zdunic Z (2007) Inter-relationship between oil yield and other quantitative traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Central European Agriculture 8(2): 165-170.
May WE, Hume DJ, Hale BA (1993) Effect of agronomic practices on free acid levels in the oil of Ontario-grown spring canola. Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences 74: 267-274.
Moradi Telavat MR, Siadat SA, Nadian H, Fathi G (2007) Response of canola grain and oil yields, oil and protein contents to different levels of nitrogen and boron fertilizers in Ahwaz region. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 9(3): 213-224. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Morrison, MJ, McVetty PB, Scrath R (1990) Effect of altering plant density on growth characteristics of summer rape. Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences 70:139-149.
Omidi, H, Tahmasbi Sarvestani Z, Ghalavand A, Modarres Sanavi AM (2005) Evaluation of tillage systems and row distances on grain yield and oil content in two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 7(2): 97-111. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Ozer, H (2003) The effect of plant population densities on growth, yield and yield components of two spring rapeseed cultivars. Plant and Soil Environment 49(9): 422-426.
Porter, PM (1993) Canola response to boron and nitrogen grown on the south eastern coastol plain. Journal of Plant Nutrition 16: 2371-2381.
Soleimanzadeh HN, Latifi A, Soltani A (2007) Investigating relationship of phenological and morphological traits with grain yield in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 14(5): 28-37. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Wojnowska T, Panak H, Siekiewiez (1995) Reaction of winter oilseed rape to increasing level of nitrogen fertilizer application under condition of Ketrzyn Chernozem. Rosliny Oleiste 16: 173-180.
_||_