اثر تاریخ کاشت معمول و دیر هنگام بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام آفتابگردان در شرایط آب و هوایی همدان

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

محسن رجبی ¹ (کارشناس ارشد بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی گروه امور زراعی- باغی دانشگاه علمی – کاربردی جهاد کشاورزی همدان، ایران)
محمد هادی فرجی آرمان ² (دانش آموخته کارشناسی تولید دانه‌های روغنی گروه امور زراعی- باغی دانشگاه علمی – کاربردی جهاد کشاورزی همدان، ایران)
مسلم فطری ³ (کارشناس ارشد زراعت گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/08/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/12/12 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/06/01

کلید واژه: Helianthus annuus, کشت تأخیری, کشت دوم, سیرنا, یوروفلور, آرماویسکی,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام مختلف آفتابگردان در کشت دوم، آزمایشی در مزرعه مرکز آموزش جهاد کشاورزی استان همدان به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار شامل تاریخ کاشت (30 اردیبهشت، 5 و 20تیرماه) و رقم شامل سیرنا، یوروفلور و آرماویروسکی به اجرا درآمد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، قطر طبق، وزن هزاردانه اختلاف معنی داری در سطح 1% و صفات شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در طبق و ارتفاع گیاه اختلاف معنی داری در سطح 5% نشان داد و در تاریخ کشت معمول (30 اردیبهشت) بیشترین عملکرد دانه با میانگین 45/495 گرم در متر مربع به دست آمد. شاخص برداشت، عملکرد بیولوژیک، تعداد دانه در طبق، قطر طبق و وزن هزاردانه تاریخ کشت های معمول 30 اردیبهشت و 5 تیرماه نسبت به 20 تیرماه بهبود یافتند. ارتفاع گیاه در به تاریخ کاشت 5 تیرماه بیشتر بود. ارقام آفتابگردان نیز قطر طبق و وزن هزار دانه در سطح 5% و ارتفاع گیاه در سطح 1% اختلاف معنی داری با هم داشتند. بیشترین میزان قطر طبق و کمترین میزان وزن هزاردانه به رقم یوروفلور اختصاص داشت و رقم آرماویروسکی ارتفاع بیشتری نسبت به سایر ارقام داشت. تاریخ کاشت دیرهنگام 5 تیر ماه در شرایط اقلیمی منطقه توصیه می شود و امکان کشت دوم هر سه رقم آفتابگردان بعد از برداشت غلات (به ویژه جو) در منطقه فراهم می شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To study the effect of sowing dates on yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars as a second crop, an experiment was conducted in Research Field of Education Center of Jihade-Agriculture of Hamedan. The experiment was carried out in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was sowing date including 20th May, 25th June and 10th July and the second factor was sunflower cultivar vic. Sirna, Euroflor and Armaviruski. Acoording to the results, there were significant differences in seed and biological yield, head diameter, thousand seed weight in P th May) had the highest seed yield (495.45 g m-2) and both 25th June and 10th July had the minimum values. Conventional sowing date and 25th June were placed in similar groups based on harvest index, biological yield, number of seed per head and thousand seeds weight traits, but were more than 10th July. About plant height, the highest value related to 25th June. There were significant differences among cultivars about head diameter, 1000-seeds weight (P <0.05) and plant height (P <0.01). The highest head diameter and plant height related to Euroflor and Armaviruski cultivars, respectively. Armaviruski cultivar had the highest plant height in compared with the others. Delay sowing date of 25th June is suggested in this climate of region and it is possible to cultivate all three cultivars in this region after cereal harvesting (especially Barley).

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