اثر تاریخ کاشت معمول و دیر هنگام بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام آفتابگردان در شرایط آب و هوایی همدان

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

محسن رجبی ¹ , محمد هادی فرجی آرمان ² , مسلم فطری ³

1 - کارشناس ارشد بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی گروه امور زراعی- باغی دانشگاه علمی – کاربردی جهاد کشاورزی همدان، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی تولید دانه‌های روغنی گروه امور زراعی- باغی دانشگاه علمی – کاربردی جهاد کشاورزی همدان، ایران
3 - کارشناس ارشد زراعت گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/08/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/12/12 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/06/01

کلید واژه: Helianthus annuus, کشت تأخیری, کشت دوم, سیرنا, یوروفلور, آرماویسکی,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام مختلف آفتابگردان در کشت دوم، آزمایشی در مزرعه مرکز آموزش جهاد کشاورزی استان همدان به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار شامل تاریخ کاشت (30 اردیبهشت، 5 و 20تیرماه) و رقم شامل سیرنا، یوروفلور و آرماویروسکی به اجرا درآمد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، قطر طبق، وزن هزاردانه اختلاف معنی داری در سطح 1% و صفات شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در طبق و ارتفاع گیاه اختلاف معنی داری در سطح 5% نشان داد و در تاریخ کشت معمول (30 اردیبهشت) بیشترین عملکرد دانه با میانگین 45/495 گرم در متر مربع به دست آمد. شاخص برداشت، عملکرد بیولوژیک، تعداد دانه در طبق، قطر طبق و وزن هزاردانه تاریخ کشت های معمول 30 اردیبهشت و 5 تیرماه نسبت به 20 تیرماه بهبود یافتند. ارتفاع گیاه در به تاریخ کاشت 5 تیرماه بیشتر بود. ارقام آفتابگردان نیز قطر طبق و وزن هزار دانه در سطح 5% و ارتفاع گیاه در سطح 1% اختلاف معنی داری با هم داشتند. بیشترین میزان قطر طبق و کمترین میزان وزن هزاردانه به رقم یوروفلور اختصاص داشت و رقم آرماویروسکی ارتفاع بیشتری نسبت به سایر ارقام داشت. تاریخ کاشت دیرهنگام 5 تیر ماه در شرایط اقلیمی منطقه توصیه می شود و امکان کشت دوم هر سه رقم آفتابگردان بعد از برداشت غلات (به ویژه جو) در منطقه فراهم می شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To study the effect of sowing dates on yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars as a second crop, an experiment was conducted in Research Field of Education Center of Jihade-Agriculture of Hamedan. The experiment was carried out in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was sowing date including 20th May, 25th June and 10th July and the second factor was sunflower cultivar vic. Sirna, Euroflor and Armaviruski. Acoording to the results, there were significant differences in seed and biological yield, head diameter, thousand seed weight in P th May) had the highest seed yield (495.45 g m-2) and both 25th June and 10th July had the minimum values. Conventional sowing date and 25th June were placed in similar groups based on harvest index, biological yield, number of seed per head and thousand seeds weight traits, but were more than 10th July. About plant height, the highest value related to 25th June. There were significant differences among cultivars about head diameter, 1000-seeds weight (P <0.05) and plant height (P <0.01). The highest head diameter and plant height related to Euroflor and Armaviruski cultivars, respectively. Armaviruski cultivar had the highest plant height in compared with the others. Delay sowing date of 25th June is suggested in this climate of region and it is possible to cultivate all three cultivars in this region after cereal harvesting (especially Barley).

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Abdorrahmani B (2003) Effect of plant density on agronomic characteristics and sunflower varieties yield seed Armaviruski in dryland conditions. Iranian Journal of Agronomy Sciences 5(3): 216-224.


2. Abdou SMM, Abd El-Latif KM, Farrag RMF Yousef KMR (2011) Response of sunflower yield and water relations to sowing dates and irrigation scheduling under middle Egypt condition. Advances in Applied Science Research 2(3): 141-150.


3. Abelardo JDLV, Hall AJ (2002) Effects of planting date, genotype, and their interactions on sunflower yield: I. determinants of oil-corrected seed yield. Crop Science 42: 1191-1201.


4. Ali H, RandawaSA,Yousaf M (2004) Quantitative and qualitative traits of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by planting dates and nitrogen application. Journal of Agriculture Research Biology 6(2): 410-412.


5. Allam AY, El-Nagar GR, Galal AH (2003) Response of two sunflower hybrids to planting dates and densities. Acta Agronomy Hung 51(1): 25-35.


6. Anjum M, Ali M, Mohy-ud-Din Q (2004) Determination of seed yield of different wheat varieties as influenced by planting dates in Agro-ecological conditions of Vehari. Pakistan Journal of life and social Sciences 2: 5-8.


7. Bagheripour MA, AsadAbadi B, Akbarian MM (2013) Study the effect of varieties and planting date on sunflower production (Helianthus annuus L.). Annals of Biological Research 4 (7): 41-46.


8. Barros JFC, Carvalho M, Basch G (2004) Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to sowing date and plant density under Mediterranean conditions. European Journal of Agronomy 21: 347-356.


9. Daneshian J, Jamshidi A, Ghalavand A, Farrokhi A (2008) Determine the appropriate plant density and sowing date for new hybrid sunflower (CMS-26*R-103). Iranian Journal of Crop Science 10(1):72-86.

10. Dela Vega AJ, Hall AJ (2002) Effects of planting date, genotype and their interactions on sunflower yield: I. determinants of oil-corrected seed yield. Crop Science 42: 1191-1201.

11. El-Mohsen AAA (2012) Analyzing and modelling the relationship between yield and yield components in sunflower under different planting dates. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 4(8): 125-135.

12. Flagella Z, Rotundo T, Tarantino E, Dicatering R, De Caro A (2002) Changes in seed yield and oil fatly acid compotation of high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in relation to the sowing date and water regime. Agronomy Journal 17: 221-230.

13. Grenz JH, Is¸toc VA, Manschadi AM, Sauerborn J (2008) Interactions of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and sunflower broomrape (Orobanchecumana) as affected by sowing date, resource supply and infestation level. Field Crop Research 107: 170-179.

14. Hocking PJ, Stapper M (2001) Effect of sowing time and nitrogen fertilizer on canola and wheat, and nitrogen fertilizer on Indian mustard. I. Dry matter production seed yield, and yield components. Aust. J. Agric. Res 52: 623-634.

15. Jonson BL (2003) Dwarf sunflower response to row spacing, stand reduction and defoliation at growth stages. Plant Science 83: 319-329.

16. Kakani VG, Prasad PVV, Craufurd PQ, Wheeler TR (2002) Response of in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotype to temperature. Plant Cell and Environment 25: 1651-1661.

17. killi F, Altunbay SG (2005) Seed yield oil content and yield components of confection and oilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Cultivars planted in different dates. International journal of agriculture and biology 07(1): 21–24.

18. Lawal BA, Obigbesan GO, Akanbi WB, Kolawole GO (2011) Effect of planting time on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) productivity in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Agriculture Research 6(13): 3049-3054.

19. Lio HS, Feng ML, Hao X (2004) Deficiency of water can enhance root respiration rate of drought- sensitive but not drought tolerant spring wheat. Agric Water Manage 64: 41-48.

20. Marta AD, Magarey RD, Martinelli L, Orlandini S (2007) Leaf wetness duration in sunflower (Helianthus annuus): Analysis of observations, measurements and simulations. European Journal of Agronomy 26: 310-316.

21. Meyer R, Belshe D, Falk J, Patten S, O’Brien D (2009) High Plains Sunflower Production Handbook. MF- 2384. Kansas State Univ., Mahattan, KS.

22. Mirshekari M, Majnoun N, Amiri HR, Zandvakili OR (2012) Study the effects of planting date and low irrigation stress on quantitative traits of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Romanian agricultural research 29: 189-199.

23. ProCrop (2008) Crop production information: Sunflower menu. North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND.

24. QadirGh, Ul-Hassan F, Malik MA (2007) Growing degree days and yield relationship in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). International journal of agriculture and biology 09(4): 564–568.

25. Rad AHS, Valadabadi AR, Daneshian J (2005) Water deficit stress effect at filling seed stages of rapeseed. The Second International Conference on Integrated Approaches to Sustain and Improve Plant Production Under Drought Stress. September 2005; Rome, Italy: p 243.

26. Rauf S (2008) Breeding sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for drought tolerance. Communications in Biometry and Crop Sci 3: 29-44.

27. SAS Institute Inc (2003) SAS Online Doc, Version 9.2. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.

28. Soriano MA, Orgaz F, Villalobos FJ, Fereres E (2004) Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower. European Journal of Agronomy 21: 465–476.

29. Stone LR, Goodrum DE, Schlegel AJ, Jaafar MN, Khan AH (2002) Water depletion depth of seed sorghum and sunflower in the central high plains. Agronomy Journal 94: 936–943.

30. Zheljazkova VD, Vick BA, Baldwinc BS, Coker NBC, Astatikie T, Johnson B (2011) Oil productivity and composition of sunflower as a function of hybrid and planting date. Industrial Crops and Products 33: 537–543.