تأثیر میکوریزا (Glomus intraradices)و سطوح مختلف روی بر صفات مورفولوژیک و زراعی ذرت (Zea mays) در سطوح مختلف رطوبت خاک
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعینورعلی ساجدی 1 , امیر حسین شیرانی راد 2 , عبداللّّّّّّه ساجدی 3 , هادی خانمحمدی 4
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، اراک، ایران.
2 - استادیار پژهش مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج.
3 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، اراک، ایران.
4 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، اراک، ایران.
کلید واژه: ذرت, سولفات روی, قارچ میکوریزا, تنش کم آبی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور مطالعه اثر قارچ میکوریزا و سطوح مختلف عنصر روی بر برخی از صفات مورفولوژیک، زراعی و عملکرد ذرت سینگل کراس 704 تحت شرایط مختلف رطوبت خاک، آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1385 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک اجرا شد. عوامل مورد مطالعه شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری معادل نیاز آبی گیاه، آبیاری معادل 75 درصد آبیاری معادل 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه)، تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا در دو سطح (تلقیح با G.intraradices و بدون تلقیح) که در هنگام کاشت با بذر تلقیح گردید و روی از منبع سولفات روی در سه سطح (شاهد، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 45 کیلوگرم در هکتار ) در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی روی صفات زراعی و عملکرد دانه مؤثر بود. حداکثر عملکرد دانه ذرت در آبیاری شاهد به دست آمد. با کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا و سولفات روی بهطور مجزا صفات مورد نظر افزایش یافتند. اثرات متقابل دوگانه قارچ و سولفات روی عملکرد دانه را افزایش داد. اثرات متقابل سه گانه تیمارها (آبیاری، قارچ و سولفات روی) موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه گردید بهطوریکه بیشترین مقدار صفات زراعی و عملکرد دانه با استفاده از اثر متقابل سه گانه تیمار آبیاری شاهد، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی و تلقیح با قارچ G.intraradices حاصل شد
Effects of mycorrhiza fungi and different levels of zinc on some morphologic and agronomic traits of corn (variety KSC 704) was studied under water deficit stress. The experiment was carried out at research farm of Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, in 2006. The experimental design was a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three levels of irrigations (100%, 75% and 50% of plant water requirement), inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi at two levels (inoculated and un-inoculated with Glomus intraradices) and zinc sulphate at three levels (0, 25 and 45 kg.ha-1). Results showed that drought stress affected agronomic characteristics and grain yield. The maximum grain yield was produced with an irrigation of %100 crop water requirement. Application of mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate shifted agronomic characteristics and grain yield. Effects of mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate interactions increased grain yield. Effects of irrigation, mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate interactions affected grain yield too. However, the highest growth of agronomic traits and grain yield were obtained for the treatment of irrigation level (100%) and zinc sulphate (25 kg.ha-1) with mycorrhiza inoculation.
Abdel Rahman A, Hassanein H (2002) Interactive effect of soil water content and antitranspiration on some physiological activities in maize plant. Field Crop. Abstracts.
Alizadeh A (2005) Effects of different levels of nitrogen and drought stress bsorption and micorrizal symbiosis in maize. Ph.D. thesis Islamic Azad University. Research and Science Branch of Ahvaz, Iran.
Al-kaisi M, Xinhua YM (2003) Effects of nitrogen rate, irrigation rate and plant population on corn yield and water use efficiency. Agronomy Journal 95: 1475 - 1482.
Al-Karaki G, Mcmichael B, Zak G (2004) Field response of wheat to mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress. Mycorrhiza 14: 263-269.
Allowy B Y Tills (1984) Copper deficiency in world. Outlook Agriculture 13: 32-42.
Auge RM (2001) Water relations drought and vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis. Mycorrhiza.
11: 3-42.
Azizzadeh Firozi F, Bahmanyar M, Momeni A, Ghasempor A (2004) Effects of potassium and zinc on agronomical characteristic and amount of iron and phosphor in two cultivar in calcareous soil with low zinc. 10th Iranian Soil Science Congress. 12-14 Aug 2007. Karaj. Iran.
Brown PH, Cacmak I, Zhang Q (1993) Form and function of zinc in plants. pp. 93-106. In: Robson AD (Ed). Zinc in soil and plants. Kluwar Academic Publishers. Dordecht. The Netherland.
Cakmak I (2000) Possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. New Phytologist 146 (2): 85-200.
Ellis JR, Larson HJ, Boolis MG (1985) Drought resistance of wheat plants inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. Plant Soil 86: 369-378.
Elwan LM (2001) Effect of soil water regimes and inoculation with mycorrhizae on growth and nutrients content of maize plants. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research 28: 163-172.
Emam Y (2004) Cereal production. Shiraz University Press 363 pp.
Fecenko J, Ložek O (1998) Maize grain yield formation in dependence on applied zinc doses and its content in soil. Rostlinna Vyroba 44: 15–18.
Fitter AH (1988) Water relations of red clover Trifolium pretense L. as affected by mycorrhizal colonization of phosphorus supply before and during drought. Exp. Botany 39: 595- 603.
Giovannetti M, Mosse B (1980) An evaluation of techniges to measure vesicular-arbuscular infection in roots. New Phytologyist 84: 489-500.
Kholdbarin B, Eslamzadeh T (2001) Mineral nutrition of high plant. Shiraz University Press. 495 pp.
Khanam D, Mridha MAU, Solaiman ARM (2006) Comparative study of arbuscular mycorrhizal association with different agricultural crops among four areas of Bangladesh. Journal of Agriculture 44(2): 147-159.
Koske RE, Gemma JN (1989) A modified procedure for staining roots to detect VA mycorrhizas. Mycol. Research 92: 486-488.
Khanam D, Mridha MAU, Solaiman ARM (2006) Comparative study of arbuscular mycorrhizal association with different agricultural crops among four areas of Bangladesh. Journal of Agriculture 44(2): 147-159.
Laffitte HR, Edmeades GO (1995) Stress tolerance in tropical maize is linked to constitutive change in ear growth haracteristics. Crop Science 3: 820-826.
Liu R, Li M, Meng X (2000) Effects of AM fungi on endogenous hormones in corn and cotton plants. Mycosystem 19: 91-96.
Malekuti MJ, Spehri A (2003) Optimum nutrition of oil seed is effective step in achieve to self-sustaining of country. Khaniran Press. Tehran, Iran. [In Persian with English Abstract]
Marschner, H (1993) Zinc uptake from soils. In: Robson, AD (Ed), Zinc in soils and plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 59-77.
Mirhadi, MG (2001) Corn (Zea mays L). Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Publication, 214 pp.
Mojdam M (2006) Effects of water deficit stress and nitrogen use management on agro physiological characteristic and grain yield of SC704 in Khozestan. Ph.D. thesis, Islamic Azad University, Research and Science Branch of Ahvaz. Iran.
Movahed Dehnavi M, Modaress sanavi AM, Sorush Zadeh A, Jalali M (2004) Effect of foliar application of zinc and manganese on yield and yeild components of three autumn safflower cultivars under drought stress in Esfahan region. 8th Iranian Agronomy and Plant Breeding Congress. Rasht. Iran.
Nelson CE, Safir GR (1982) Increased drought tolerance of mycorrhizal onion plants caused by improved nutrition. Planta 154: 407-413.
Ortas I, Harris PJ (1996) Enhancment uptak of phosphorus by mycorrhizal sorghum plants as influenced by forms of nitrogen. Plant and Soil 184: 225-264.
Ramjat R, Murallar N, Kumar A (1991) Physiology of drought tolerance in wheat, water potential and its component. Agronomy and Crop Science 167: 73-80.
Ramazanzadeh H, Avestan Sh, Reihanitabar A (2007) Some effective factors on zinc absorption in soil calcareous. 10th Soil Science Congress. 12–14 Aug 2007. Karaj. Iran.
Read DJ, Koucheki HK, Hodgaon J (1976) Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural vegetation system. New Phytology 77: 641-653.
Safir GR, Boyer JS, Gerdemann JW (1972) Nutrient status and mycorrhizal enhancement of water transport in soybean. Plant Physiology 49: 700- 703.
Schussler JR, Westgate ME (1991b) Maize kernel set at low water potential: II. Sensitivitiy to reduce assimilates at pollination. Crop Science 31: 1196-1203.
Shawn M, Parke JL (2000) Variation among maize inbred lines and detection of quantitative trait for growth at low phosphorus and responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Crop Science 40: 358-364.
Sinclair TR, Bennett JM, Muchow RC (1990) Relative sensitivity of grain yield and biomass accumulation to drought in field grown maize. Crop Science 30: 690-693.
Sylvia DM, Hammond LC, Bennett JM, Linda SB (1993) Field response of maize to a VAM fungus and water management. Agronomy Journal 85: 193-198.
Valadabadi A (2009) Effects of ecophysiology of drought stress in maize, sorghum and millet. Ph.D. Thesis Islamic Azad University. Research and Science Branch. Tehran [In Persian with English Abstract].
Yilmaz A, Ekiz H, Torun B, Gultekin I, Karanlik S, Bagei SA, Cakmak I (1997) Effect of different zinc application methods on grain and zinc concentration in wheat cultivates grown on zinc deficient calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition 20 (4, 5): 461- 471.
_||_