اثر دگرآسیبی بقایای چغندرقند و کلزا بر پیچک صحرایی در شرایط آزمایشگاه
محورهای موضوعی :
بهروز بابایی نژاد
1
(کارشناس ارشد زراعت، مجتمع آموزش عالی شیروان، شیروان، ایران)
علیرضا دادخواه
2
(دانشیار گروه زراعت، مجتمع آموزش عالی شیروان، شیروان، ایران)
جعفر آلبوغبیش
3
(کارشناس جنگل و مرتع، اداره منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری
امیدیه، ایران)
مجید رستمی
4
(کارشناس ارشد علف‎های هرز، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس،
تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: آللوپاتی, مهار زیستی, کنترل طبیعی, مهار علف هرز,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور تعیین اثرات دگرآسیبی غلظت های صفر، 5، 10، 15، 20 و 25% عصاره آبی بقایای چغندرقند و کلزا بر جوانه‎زنی و رشد اولیه پیچک صحرایی، آزمایشی به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تکرار در آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی مجتمع آموزش عالی شیروان انجام شد. درصد و سرعت جوانه‎زنی، طول ساقه‎چه و ریشه چه و وزن خشک ساقه‎چه و ریشه چه پیچک صحرایی تحت تأثیر غلظت‎های مختلف عصاره آبی چغندرقند و کلزا قرار گرفت. بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی بر درصد جوانه زنی مربوط به عصاره آبی چغندرقند از غلظت 10% به بالا مشاهده شد که از جوانه‎زنی بذور پیچک صحرایی ممانعت نمود. تأثیر بازدارنده عصاره آبی کلزا بر سرعت جوانه‎زنی نسبت به درصد جوانه‎زنی بیشتر بود به طوری که در بالاترین غلظت، سرعت جوانه‎زنی 8/34% نسبت به شاهد کاهش نشان داد. حساسیت طول ریشه‎چه در غلظت 5% عصاره آبی بیشتر از ساقه چه بود، طول ریشه‎چه تحت عصاره آبی چغندرقند و کلزا به ترتیب 75 و 5/47% و طول ساقه چه نیز به ترتیب 5/40 و 5/19% به طور معنی‎داری نسبت به شاهد کاهش داشت. اثر بازدارندگی عصاره آبی در غلظت 5% بر وزن خشک ساقه‎چه بیشتر از وزن خشک ریشه‎چه مشاهده شد و وزن خشک ساقه‎چه تحت عصاره آبی چغندرقند و کلزا به ترتیب 6/49 و 1/52% و وزن خشک ریشه‎چه به ترتیب 4/9 تا 2/28% نسبت به شاهد کاهش معنی دار نشان دادند. بنابراین، بقایای چغندرقند و کلزا توانایی مطلوبی در مهار علف هرز پیچک صحرایی دارد که در کاهش مصرف علف‎کش ها و مدیریت علف های هرز در کشاورزی پایدار پیشنهاد می‌گردد.
To determinethe allelopathic effects of sugar beet and rapeseed residue aqueous extractsin concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% (w/v)on germination and initial growth of field bindweed, an experiment was carried based on completely randomized design with four replications at Complex Higher Education of Shirvan, Iran during 2013. The sugar beet and rapeseed extracts caused significant inhibition on germination percentage and rate, plumule and radicle length and dry weight of filed bindweed. The highest inhibitory effect on germination percentage of bindweed was observed in equal or more than 10% sugar beet aqueous extract. The inhibition of rapeseed aqueous extracts on filed bindweed germination rate was higher than of germination percentage. So that, in the highest concentration, germination rate decreased to 34.8% compared to control. Radicle affected more than plumule from 5% of sugar beet and rapeseed residue extracts, decreasing field bindweed radicle length up to 75 and 47.5% plumule lengthup to 40.5 and 19.5% compared to control in sugar beet and rapeseed, respectively. Inhibitive effect of sugar beet and rapeseed residueextracts at a concentration of 5% on the plumule dry weight was morethan of radicle. Plumule dry weight of bindweed decreased by aqueous extract of sugar beet and rapeseed by 49.6 and 52.1%, and root dry weight by 9.4 and 28.2% compared to control, respectively. Thus, residue of sugar beet and rapeseed has high potential in control of filed bindweed, recommending for reduction of herbicides and weed management in sustainable agriculture.
1- Adam NR, Die rig DA, Coffelt TA, Winter Meyer MJ, Mackey BE, Wall GW (2007) Cardinal temperatures for germination and early growth of two Lesquerella species. Industrial Crops and Products 25(1): 24-33.
2- Alboghbeish J (2014) Allelopathic effect of wheat, canola and ephedra on growth index of weeds and Glycine max L. plants in field conditions. Master Thesis, Complex Higher Education of Shirvan: Shirvan, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
3- Babaeinjad B (2014) Allelopathic effect of sugar beet, canola and ephedra on growth index of weeds and Cicerarietinum L. plant in field conditions. Master Thesis, Complex Higher Education of Shirvan: Shirvan, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
4- Brindle M, Jensen K (2005) Effect of temperature on dormancy and germination of Eupatorium L. achenes. Seed Science Research 15(2): 143- 151.
5- Cecile B, Xiaohan Y, Leslie AW (2003) The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere. Plant and Soil 256(1): 67-83.
6- Dadkhah AR (2013) Phytotoxic potential of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) to control purslane (Portulacaoleracea) weed. Acta Agriculture Scandinavica, Section B-Soil and Plant Science 63(1): 46-51.
7- Dadkhah AR (2012) Phytotoxic effects of aqueous extract of eucalyptus, sunflower and sugar beet on seed germination, growth and photosynthesis of Amaranthus retroflexus. Allelopathy Journal 29 (2): 287-296.
8- Dadkhah AR, Rassam, G (2015) Allelopathic potential of canola and sugar beet to control weeds in chickpea. Indian Journal of Weed Science 47(2): 131–135.
9- Dayan FE, Cantrell CL, Duke SO (2009) Natural products in crop protection. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 17(12): 4022-4034.
10- Einhellig FA (1995) Mechanisms of Action of Allelochemicals in Allelopathy. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC.
11- El-Khawas SA, Shehala MM (2005) The allelopathic potentialities of Acacia nilotica and Eucalyptus prostrate on monocot (Zea mays L.) and dicot (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PlantsBiotechnology 4(1): 23-34.
12- Golzardi F, Mondani F, Ahmadvand G, Vazan S, Shabani G, Sarvramini SH (2009) The allelopathy effects of water extract of canola on seed germination and seedling growth of weeds. Weed Research Journal 1(1):1-11
13- Gulzar S, Khan MA, Unger IA (2001) Effect of salinity and temperature on the germination of Urochondra setulosa (Trin.) C. E. Hubbard. Seed Science and Technology 29(1): 21-29.
14- Jahani H (2015) Allelopathic effect of sugar beet, sunfloewer and cotton on growth index of weeds andsugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plants in field conditions. Master Thesis, Higher Education Complex of Shirvan: Shirvan, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
15- Koeppe DE, Southwick LM, Bittell JE (1976) The relationship of tissue chlorogenic acid concentrations and leaching of phenolics from sunflowers grown under varying phosphate nutrient conditions. Canadian Journal of Botany 54(7): 593-599.
16- Lydon J, Teasdale JR, Chen PK (1997) Allelopathic activity of annual wormwood (Artemisiaannua) and the role of artemisnin. Weed Science 45(6): 807-811.
17- Malik A (2005) Allelopathy, challenges and opportunities. Proceeding of the 4th world congress in Allelopathy. Wagga, Australia.
18- Maighani F, Ghorbanli M, Najafpoor M (2005) Effect of extracts of persian and berseem clover on peroxidase activity of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) hypocotyls. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Allelopathy. Wagga, Australia.
19- Putnam AR, Defrank J(1983) Use of phytotoxic plant residues for selective weed control. Crop Protection 2(2): 173-181.
20- Rashdmohasel MH (2000) Convolvulus arvensis. Jahad-e-Daneshgahi of Mashhad Press: Mashhad. [in Persian]
21- SeyedSharifi R, Farzaneh S, Seyed Sharifi R (2007) Comparison of chemical control and allelopathic effect of weeds in chickpea under rainfed conditions. Iranian Journal of Biology 20(4): 334-343. [In Persian with English Summary]
_||_1- Adam NR, Die rig DA, Coffelt TA, Winter Meyer MJ, Mackey BE, Wall GW (2007) Cardinal temperatures for germination and early growth of two Lesquerella species. Industrial Crops and Products 25(1): 24-33.
2- Alboghbeish J (2014) Allelopathic effect of wheat, canola and ephedra on growth index of weeds and Glycine max L. plants in field conditions. Master Thesis, Complex Higher Education of Shirvan: Shirvan, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
3- Babaeinjad B (2014) Allelopathic effect of sugar beet, canola and ephedra on growth index of weeds and Cicerarietinum L. plant in field conditions. Master Thesis, Complex Higher Education of Shirvan: Shirvan, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
4- Brindle M, Jensen K (2005) Effect of temperature on dormancy and germination of Eupatorium L. achenes. Seed Science Research 15(2): 143- 151.
5- Cecile B, Xiaohan Y, Leslie AW (2003) The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere. Plant and Soil 256(1): 67-83.
6- Dadkhah AR (2013) Phytotoxic potential of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) to control purslane (Portulacaoleracea) weed. Acta Agriculture Scandinavica, Section B-Soil and Plant Science 63(1): 46-51.
7- Dadkhah AR (2012) Phytotoxic effects of aqueous extract of eucalyptus, sunflower and sugar beet on seed germination, growth and photosynthesis of Amaranthus retroflexus. Allelopathy Journal 29 (2): 287-296.
8- Dadkhah AR, Rassam, G (2015) Allelopathic potential of canola and sugar beet to control weeds in chickpea. Indian Journal of Weed Science 47(2): 131–135.
9- Dayan FE, Cantrell CL, Duke SO (2009) Natural products in crop protection. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 17(12): 4022-4034.
10- Einhellig FA (1995) Mechanisms of Action of Allelochemicals in Allelopathy. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC.
11- El-Khawas SA, Shehala MM (2005) The allelopathic potentialities of Acacia nilotica and Eucalyptus prostrate on monocot (Zea mays L.) and dicot (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PlantsBiotechnology 4(1): 23-34.
12- Golzardi F, Mondani F, Ahmadvand G, Vazan S, Shabani G, Sarvramini SH (2009) The allelopathy effects of water extract of canola on seed germination and seedling growth of weeds. Weed Research Journal 1(1):1-11
13- Gulzar S, Khan MA, Unger IA (2001) Effect of salinity and temperature on the germination of Urochondra setulosa (Trin.) C. E. Hubbard. Seed Science and Technology 29(1): 21-29.
14- Jahani H (2015) Allelopathic effect of sugar beet, sunfloewer and cotton on growth index of weeds andsugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plants in field conditions. Master Thesis, Higher Education Complex of Shirvan: Shirvan, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
15- Koeppe DE, Southwick LM, Bittell JE (1976) The relationship of tissue chlorogenic acid concentrations and leaching of phenolics from sunflowers grown under varying phosphate nutrient conditions. Canadian Journal of Botany 54(7): 593-599.
16- Lydon J, Teasdale JR, Chen PK (1997) Allelopathic activity of annual wormwood (Artemisiaannua) and the role of artemisnin. Weed Science 45(6): 807-811.
17- Malik A (2005) Allelopathy, challenges and opportunities. Proceeding of the 4th world congress in Allelopathy. Wagga, Australia.
18- Maighani F, Ghorbanli M, Najafpoor M (2005) Effect of extracts of persian and berseem clover on peroxidase activity of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) hypocotyls. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Allelopathy. Wagga, Australia.
19- Putnam AR, Defrank J(1983) Use of phytotoxic plant residues for selective weed control. Crop Protection 2(2): 173-181.
20- Rashdmohasel MH (2000) Convolvulus arvensis. Jahad-e-Daneshgahi of Mashhad Press: Mashhad. [in Persian]
21- SeyedSharifi R, Farzaneh S, Seyed Sharifi R (2007) Comparison of chemical control and allelopathic effect of weeds in chickpea under rainfed conditions. Iranian Journal of Biology 20(4): 334-343. [In Persian with English Summary]