تأثیر روش خاک‌ورزی و مدیریت بقایای گندم بر برخی خصوصیات خاک و عملکرد ذرت دانه‌ای در کرمان
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعیفرزاد آزاد شهرکی 1 , هرمز نقوی 2 , حمید نجفی نژاد 3
1 - عضو هیأت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان.
2 - عضو هیأت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان.
3 - عضو هیأت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان.
کلید واژه: عملکرد, ذرت, خاک‌ورزی, بقایای گیاهی,
چکیده مقاله :
مدیریت روش های خاک‌ورزی و بقایای گیاهی بر برخی خصوصیات خاک و به تبع آن بر عملکرد محصول تأثیر میگذارد. هدف از این تحقیق مقایسه اثر سیستم‌های خاک‌ورزی مرسوم، کم خاک‌ورزی و بدون خاک‌ورزی و همچنین اثر کاربرد بقایای گندم بر برخی خصوصیات خاک در زراعت ذرت دانه ای در یک سال زراعی در کرمان بود. برای این منظور چهار سطح تیمارهای خاک‌ورزی و دو سطح تیمارهای کاربرد بقایای گندم در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شهید زنده‌روح کرمان اعمال گردید. سطوح تیمارهای خاک‌ورزی عبارت بودند از: 1- خاک‌ورزی مرسوم ) (CT 2- کم خاک‌ورزی) (RT 3- بدون خاک‌ورزی و کشت روی شیار(NT1) 4- بدون خاک‌ورزی و کشت کف شیار) (NT2. تیمارهای مدیریت بقایای گندم در دو سطح: 1- حفظ بقایای گندم سال قبلی در مزرعه و 2- جمع‌آوری و خروج بقایای گندم سال قبلی از مزرعه اعمال شدند. این آزمایش با سه تکرار در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده اجرا گردید. کربن آلی (OC)، جرم مخصوص ظاهری (BD) و شاخص مخروط خاک، ارتفاع بوته‌ها، عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد در طی آزمایش اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد خاک مزرعه در تیمار CT و RT کمترین OC و در تیمارهای NT1 و NT2 بیشترین OC را داشت. BD خاک تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت. شاخص مخروط خاک در تیمار CT حداقل و در تیمارهای NT1 و NT2 حداکثر شد. عملکرد دانه در RT بیشترین (99/13 تن در هکتار) و در تیمارهای NT1و NT2 به حداقل معادل 59/10 و 99/9 تن در هکتار رسید. اجزای عملکرد (تعداد ردیف در بلال و وزن هزار دانه) تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. به نظر می‌رسد اعمال تیمارهای مورد مطالعه در مدت زمان طولانی احتمالا بتواند خصوصیات بیشتری از خاک را تحت تأثیر قرار بدهد و در عملکرد ذرت نقش بیشتری داشته باشد.
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