تخمین بهره وری آب محصول گندم در شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی درودزن استان فارس

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

الناز نوروزی ¹ , حسین بابازاده ² , مجید وظیفه دوست ³

1 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران
2 - گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/02/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/08/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/08/01

کلید واژه:  بیلان آب,  شبیه‌سازی,  مدل توزیعی SWAP,  مدیریت آبیاری,

چکیده مقاله :

مدیریت آبیاری، تعیین کارایی مصرف آب و ارایه راه کارهای کارآمد برای افزایش بهره وری منابع آب محدود، مبتنی بر برآورد صـحیح عملکـرد محصـول و میـزان واقعی آب مصرفی است که اندازه گیری دقیق آن ها بدون استفاده از ابزار مناسب، بسیار دشوار مـی باشـد. در این راستا شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی درودزن استان فارس بر اساس اراضی تحت پوشش یک آبگیر، در محیط GIS به 86 واحد مطالعاتی تقسیم گردید و اجزای بیلان آب و عملکرد محصول در هر یک از واحدهای مکانی، در دوره 10 ساله (2010-2000)، توسط مدل اگروهیدرولوژیکی- توزیعی SWAP و با کمک برنامه نویسی در محیط MATLAB برآورد شد. عملکرد گندم در شبکه درودزن با دقت قابل قبولی توسط مدل توزیعی SWAP، شبیه سازی گردید. پس از اعتبارسنجی مدل، اجزای بیلان آب توسط مدل واسنجی شده، شبیه سازی و متوسط بهره وری آب در شبکه درودزن برآورد شد. نتایج نشان داد با وجود کاهش میزان آب کاربردی در شبکه، بهره وری آب افزایش یافته است یعنی می توان با مدیریت آب، محصول بیشتری تولید نمود. برآورد اجزای بیلان آب و عملکرد محصول در شبکه به خصوص در شرایط بحران و کمبود آب که باید بالاترین بهره ممکن از آب های قابل دسترس حاصل گردد، می تواند برای ارزیابی مدیریت آب کشاورزی و یافتن راه کارهای افزایش کارایی مصرف آب راه گشا باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Irrigation management, water use efficiency determination and provision of efficient solutions for increasing of limited water resources productivity are based on accurate estimation of crop yield and actual water consumption which its exact measurment is very difficult without proper tools. In this regard, Doroudzan irrigation and drainage network of Fars Province in Iran was divided into 86 simulation units using GIS. Water balance components and crop yield were determined in each spatial unit during a 10-year period (2000-2010) using distributed SWAP model and through MATLAB software programming. There was good correlation between the observed and simulated wheat yield amounts in each simulation unit. After validating of the model, the water balance components were simulated by calibrated model and the average water productivity in the Doroudzan network was estimated. The results showed despite decrement in water use in the network, water productivity has been increased means that higher yield can be produced by water managenment. Estimating of water balance components and yield production in the network, especially in crisis situations and water deficit condition can be used for agricultural water management evaluation and finding ways to increase water use efficiency.

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