اثر تاریخ، عمق و فاصله کاشت بر صفات رویشی و زایشی زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرستان ماکو

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

رستم آقازاده ¹ (اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ماکو، ماکو، ایران.)
اقدس همت‎زاده ² (اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ماکو، ماکو، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1390/02/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1391/03/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1391/02/01

کلید واژه: عملکرد, تاریخ کاشت, رشد, زعفران, فاصله کاشت, عمق کاشت,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی اثرات تاریخ، عمق و فاصله کاشت بر رشد و محصول دهی زعفران در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرستان ماکو، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ماکو در دو سال زراعی 1388و 1389 اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح 25 شهریور و 7 مهر ماه، عمق کاشت در دو سطح 20 و 25 سانتی متر و فاصله کاشت در دو سطح 20 و 25 سانتی‎متر بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تعداد برگ، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن تر و خشک گل، وزن تر و خشک کلاله، طول کلاله و سطح برگ گیاه تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف تاریخ، عمق و فاصله کاشت قرار گرفت، به طوری که شاخص های رشد و عملکرد گیاه مانند وزن تر و خشک گل و وزن تر و خشک کلاله در تاریخ کاشت اول (25 شهریور ماه) افزایش یافت. هم‎چنین عمق کاشت و فاصله کاشت بر صفات مورد نظر تأثیر داشته و بیشترین میزان عملکرد در فاصله کاشت کمتر و عمق کاشت کمتر به دست آمد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

    Effects of planting date, depth and distance on growth and yield of saffron were studied in Maku environmental condition. The experiment was factorial based on a complete randomized block design with two planting dates (16th and 29th September), two planting depths (20 and 25 cm) and two plant distances (20, 25 cm) with tree replications during 2008-2010. Results showed that number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves, wet and dry weight of flowers, fresh and dry weight of stigma, and length of stigma and leaf area were affected by treatments. The indices of plant growth and yield components such as number of leaves, stigma length, fresh and dry weight of leaf, flower, stigma and leaf area were increased in the first date of planting (16th September). The plant distance has also affected plant growth and yield production. The highest yield was obtained in less plant distance and low planting depth treatment.

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