Pareto Optimal Design of Passive and Active Vehicle Suspension Models
Subject Areas : Mechanical Engineering
Mohammadjavad
Mahmoodabadi
1
(Sirjan University of Technology)
Seyed Mehdi
Mortazavi Yazdi
2
(Sirjan University of Technology)
Keywords: Active suspension system, Genetic Algorithm, Passive suspension system, Vehicle vibration model, Multi-objective optimization, PID Controller,
Abstract :
It would be difficult to deny the importance of optimization intheareasof science and technology. This is in fact, one of the most critical steps in any design process. Even small changes inoptimization can improve dramatically upon any process orelementwithin a process. However, determining whetheran optimization approach willimprove on an original design is usually a question that its response in this study has led to an optimal design out of an existing car model. First of all, the optimization of a passive car-quarter model has been accomplished by means of a genetic algorithm. This initial optimization gives a figure of points named ''Pareto optimum points''. Secondly, through selecting a point amongst them, the design of active model has been completed and optimized based on genetic algorithm. Continuing with this thought, a similar process has been also accomplishedwith a car-half vehicle model with five degrees of freedom. Though the last optimized active model may prove a more reliable efficient design due to the more comprehensive feature related to the degrees of freedom, the results of each optimization should be considered and maysupply equally attractive anddiverse choicesas well. Anyway, let's focus on the final purposewhich is to reduce the vibrations as much as possible. This is what is observed through all the optimization jobs in this study. Comparison of these results with those reported in the literature affirms the excellence of the proposed optimal designs.
[1] Karnopp, D., “Analytical Results for Optimum Actively Damped Suspension Under Random Excitation”, Journal of Acoustic Stress and Reliability in Design, Vol. 111, 1989, pp. 278-283.
[2] Sun, L., “Optimum Design of Road-Friendly Vehicle Suspension Systems Subjected to Rough Pavement Surfaces”, Applied Mathematical Modeling, Vol. 26, 2002, pp. 635-652.
[3] Sireteanu, T., Stoia, N., “Damping Optimization of Passive and Semi-Active Vehicle Suspension by Numerical Simulation”, Proceedings of the Romanian Academy Series A, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2003, pp. 121-127.
[4] Sun, L., Cai, X., and Yang, J., “Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimum Vehicle Suspension Design Using Minimum Dynamic Pavement Load as a Design Criterion”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 301, 2007, pp. 18-27.
[5] [5] Y. Sam, J. Osman, M. Ghani, Sliding Mode Control Design for Active Suspension on a Half-Car Model, in Proceedings of Student Conference on Research and Development, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 2003, pp. 36-42.
[6] Cho, J., Jung, T., Kwon, S., and Joh, J., “Development of a Fuzzy Sky-Hook Algorithm for a Semi-Active ER Vehicle Suspension Using inverse Model”, in Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Canada, 2006, pp. 1550-1556.
[7] Griffin, M., Parsons, K., and Whitham, E., “Vibration and Comfort IV”, Application of Experimental Results, Ergonomics, vol. 25, 1982, pp. 721-739.
[8] Rakheja, S., “Computer-Aided Dynamic Analysis and Optimal Design of Suspension System for Off-Road Tractors”, Ph. D. Thesis, Concordia University, Canada, 1985.
[9] Barak, P., “Magic Numbers in Design of Suspensions for Passenger Cars”, SAE Technical Paper 911921, 1991, pp. 53-88.
[10] Bouazara, M., “Etude Etanaslyse de la Suspension Active et Semi-Active Des Yehicules Routters”, Ph.D. Thesis, University Laval, Canada, 1997.
[11] Hrovat, D., “Optimal Active Suspensions for 3d Vehicle Models”, in Proceedings of American Control Conference, Vol. 2, 1991, pp. 1534-1541.
[12] Crolla, D. A., “Semi-Active Suspension control for a Full Vehicle model”, SAE Techincal Paper 911904, 1992, pp. 45-51.
[13] Bouazara, M., Richard, M. J., “An optimal Design Method to Control the Vibrations of Suspension for Passenger Cars”, in Proceeding of International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition: The Winter Annual Meeting of ASME Atlanta, 1996, pp. 61-68.
[14] Bouazara, M., Richard, M. J., “An optimization Method Designed to Improve 3-D Vehicle Comfort and Road Holding Capability Through the Use of Active and Semi-Active Suspensions”, European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2001, pp. 509-520.
[15] Gündogdu, U., “Optimal Seat and Suspension Design for Quarter Car With Driver Model Using Genetic Algorithms”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Vol. 37, No. 4, 2007, pp. 327- 332.
[16] Alkhatib, R., NakhaieJazar, G., and Golnaraghi, M. F., “Optimal Design of Passive Linear Suspension Using Genetic Algorithm”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 275, 2004, pp. 665-691.
[17] Coello Coello, C. A., Christiansen, A. D., “Multi Objective Optimization of Trusses Using Genetic Algorithms”, Computers and Structures, Vol. 75, 2000, pp. 647-660.
[18] Coello Coello, C. A., Van Veldhuizen, D. A., and Lamont, G. B., “Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems”, New York, Kluwer Academic, 2002.
[19] Fonseca, C. M., Fleming, P. J., “Genetic Algorithms for Multi-Objective Optimization, in: Formulation”, Discussion and Generalization, in Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1993, pp. 416-42.
[20] Srinivas, N., Deb, K., “Multi-Objective Optimization Using Non-Dominated Sorting in Genetic Algorithms”, Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1994, pp. 221-248.
[21] Bagheri, A., Mahmoodabadi, M. J., Rostami, H., and Kheiybari, S., “Pareto Optimization of a Two-Degree of Freedom Passive Linear Suspension Using a New Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm”, International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 3, 2011, pp. 291-299.
[22] Rajeswari, K., Lakshmi, P., “PSO optimized Fuzzy Logic Controller for Active Suspension System”, In Proceeding of International Conference on Advances in Recent Technologies in Communication and Computing, Kottayam, Kerala India, 2010, pp. 278-283.
[23] Nariman-zadeh, N., Salehpour, M., Jamali, A., and Haghgoo, E., “Pareto Optimization of a Five-Degree of Freedom Vehicle Vibration Model Using a Multi-Objective Uniform-Diversity Genetic Algorithm (MUGA)”, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 23, 2010, pp. 543-551.
[24] Mahmoodabadi, V., Safaie, A. A., Bagheri, A., and Nariman-zadeh, N., “A Novel Combination of Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm for Pareto Optimal Design of a Five-Degree of Freedom Vehicle Vibration Model”, Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 13, No. 5, 2013, pp. 2577-2591.
[25] Sharifi, M., Shahriari, B., and Bagheri, A., “Optimization of Sliding Mode Control for a Vehicle Suspension System via Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm with Uncertainty”, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, Vol. 2, No. 7, 2012, pp. 6724-6729.
[26] Vahidi, A. Eskandarian, A., “Predictive Time-Delay Control of Vehicle Suspensions”, Journal of Vibration and Control, Vol. 7, No.8, 2001, pp. 1195-1211.
[27] Baumal, A. E. Mcphee, V., and Calamai, P. H., “Application of Genetic Algorithms to the Design Optimization of an Active Vehicle Suspension System”, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 163, No. (1-4), 1998, pp. 87-94.
[28] Thoresson, M. J., Uys, P. E., Els, P. S., and Snyman, J. A., “Efficient Optimisation of a Vehicle Suspension system Using a Gradient-Based Approximation Method”, Part 1: Mathematical Modelling, Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Vol. 50, No. (9-10), (2009, pp. 1421-1436.
[29] Crews, J. H., Mattson, M. G., and Buckner, G. D., “Multi-Objective Control Optimization for Semi-Active Vehicle Suspensions”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 330, No. 23, 2011, pp. 5502-5516.
[30] Guo, D. L., Hu, H.Y., and Yi, J. Q., “Neural Network Control for a Semi-Active Vehicle Suspension With a Magnetorheological Damper”, Journal of Vibration and Control, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2004, pp. 461-471.
[31] Eski, I., Yildirim, S., “Vibration control of Vehicle active Suspension System Using a New Robust Neural Network Control System”, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2009, pp. 778-793.
[32] Mao, X., Wang, Q., “Delay-Dependent Control Design for a Time-Delay Supercavitating Vehicle Model”, Journal of Vibration and Control, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2011, pp. 431-448.
[33] Nath, T., Kumar, S., “Quarter/Half/Full Car Models for Active Suspension (with PID controller)”, In Proceeding of International Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, 2012, pp. 286-290.
[34] Fayyad, S. M., “Constructing Control System for Active Suspension System”, Contemporary Engineering Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2012, pp. 189-200.
[35] Yagiz, N., Sakman, L. E., “Robust Sliding Mode Control of a Full Vehicle Without Suspension Gap Loss”, Journal of Vibration and Control, Vol. 11, No. 11, 2005, pp. 1357-1374.
[36] Haiping, D., Nong, Z., and James, L., “Parameter-Dependent Input-Delayed Control of Uncertain Vehicle Suspensions”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 317, No. (3-5), 2008, pp. 537-556.