بررسی تجربی بازیافت کبالت اکسید از باطری های مستعمل
محورهای موضوعی : کاربرد شیمی در محیط زیست
کلید واژه: کلیدواژه: بازیافت, باطری مستعمل یون لیتیوم, نانوذرات مغناطیسی کبالت, هیدرازین, سدیم بورو هیدرات,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق ابتدا ترکیب کبالت اکسید در شرایط بهینه از باطری مستعمل یون لیتیوم با استفاده از روش هیدرومتالوژیکال بازیافت شد. بر اساس نتایج پراش اشعه ایکس (XRD) مقدار 89/81 درصد وزنی کبالت اکسید و 11/0 درصد نیکل اکسید در نمونه اولیه باطری مستعمل یون لیتیوم وجود دارد. شرایط بهینه در بازیافت کبالت اکسید از 5/0 گرم نمونه مستعمل باطری اولیه عبارت از مصرف 62/18 میلی لیتر هیدروکلریدریک اسید(607/0مول) به همراه ‎2 میلی لیتر هیدروژن پراکسید (065/0مول) در دمای 50 درجه سانتی گراد در مدت 2 ساعت فرآیند لیچینگ است. طیف پراش اشعه ایکس باز یافت کبالت اکسید را تایید می کند. در مرحله بعد، از طریق تبدیل کبالت اکسید به ترکیب نامحلول و واسطه کبالت کربنات، نانوذرات کبالت با روش سنتز فاز مایع از دو مسیر مختلف و با استفاده از دو کاهنده متفاوت هیدرازین و سدیم بورو هیدرات سنتز گردید. نتایج حاصل از پراش اشعه ایکس تشکیل نانو ذرات کبالت را تایید نمود. بررسی مورفولوژی و اندازه ذرات بر اساس تصاویر به دست آمده از میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) حاکی از آن است که نانو ذرات نسبتا کروی شکل کبالت با استفاده از هیدرازین با قطر حد اکثر 30 نانو متر و با استفاده از سدیم بور هیدرید با قطرکم تر از 50 نانومتر به طور رضایت بخش سنتز شده است.
Abstract In this work, cobalt oxide was primarily recycled from spent lithium- ion battery at optimum condition by using hydro-metallurgical method. Based on the preliminary results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, there are cobalt oxide 81.89% and nickel oxide 0.11%, as typical nickel compounds in spent lithium- ion batteries. The optimum recycling condition of cobalt oxide from spent battery sample (0.5 g) by leaching is as follow: the use of 18.62 mL (0.607 mole) hydrochloric acid and 2 mL (0.065 mole) hydrogen peroxide at 50°C for 2 hours. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum confirms the recycling of cobalt oxide. In the second step, cobalt oxide was converted into insoluble cobalt carbonate intermediate. Consequently, cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized via liquid phase reaction by using two separate reducing agents; hydrazine or sodium boro-hydrate, while proceeding different routes. The molecular and crystal structures of the prepared cobalt nanoparticles were approved by X-ray diffraction. The morphology of surface and size characterization of nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that spherical shape cobalt nanoparticles with maximum 30 nm and 50 nm diameter were successfully synthesized by using hydrazine and sodium boro-hydrate reducing agents respectively.
منابع
[1] Ra, D., Han, K., 2006, Used Lithium Ion Rechargeable Battery Recycling Using Etoile-Rebatt Technology, Power Sources, 163, 284-288.
[2] Torkaman, R., Asadollahzadeh, M., Torab-Mostaedi, M., Ghanadi Maragheh, M., 2017, Recovery of cobalt from spent lithium ion batteries by using acidic and basic extractants in solvent extraction process, Separation and Purification Technology, 186, 318-325.
[3] Golmohammadzadeh, R., Rashchi, F., Vahidi, E., 2017, Recovery of lithium and cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries using organic acids: Process optimization and kinetic aspects, Waste Management, 64, 244-254.
[4] Nayaka, G.P., Pai, K.V., Santhosh, G., Manjanna, J., 2016, Recovery of cobalt as cobalt oxalate from spent lithium ion batteries by using glycine as leaching agent, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 4 (2), 2378-2383.
[5] Kumar Jha, M., Kumari, A., Kumari Jha, A., Kumar, V., Hait, J., Dhar Pandey, B., 2013, Recovery of lithium and cobalt from waste lithium ion batteries of mobile phone, Waste Management, 33(9), 1890-1897.
[6] Shin, Sh. M., Kang, J., Sohn, J., Senanayake, G., 2010, Recovery of Cobalt Sulphate from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries by Reductive Leaching and Solvent Extraction with Cyanex 272, Hydrometallurgy, 100, 168-171.
[7] Li, L, Ge, J, Wu, F, Chen, R, Chen, S, Wu, B, 2010, Recovery of Cobalt and Lithium from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries Using Organic Citric Acid as Leachant, Hazardous materials, 176, 288-293.
[8] Freitas, M.B.J.G., Celante, V.G., Pietre, M.K., 2010, Electrochemical Recovery of Cobalt and Copper from Spent Li-Ion Batteries as Multilayer Deposits, Power sources, 195, 3309-3315.
[9] Kang, J., Sohn, J., Chng, H., Senanayake, G., Myung Shin, Sh., 2010, Prepartion of Cobalt Oxide from Concentrated Cathode Material of Spent Lithium ion batteries by Hydrometallurgical Method, Advaned Powder Technology, 21, 175-179.
[10] Dinesh, B., Veeramani, V., Chen,S-M., Saraswathi, R., 2017, In situ electrochemical synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-cobalt oxide nanocomposite modified electrode for selective sensing of depression biomarker in the presence of ascorbic acid and dopamine, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 786, 169-176.
[11] Bibi, I., Nazar, N., Iqbal, M., Kamal, SH., Nawaz, H., Nouren , SH., Safa., Y., Jilani, K., Sultan, M., Ata, S., Rehman ,F., Abbas, M., 2017, Green and eco-friendly synthesis of cobalt-oxide nanoparticle: Characterization and photo-catalytic activity, Advanced Powder Technology, 28(9), 2035-2043.
[12] El-Hout, S.I., Chen, C., Liang, T., Yang, L., Zhang, J., 2017, Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide assisted hydrothermal synthesis of cobalt oxide nanowires anchored on graphene as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitor applications, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 198, 99-106.
[13] Harish, S., Silambarasan, K., Kalaiyarasan, G., Kumar, A, V, N., Joseph, J., 2016, Nanostructured porous cobalt oxide synthesis from Co3[Co(CN)6]2 and its possible applications in Lithium battery, Materials Letters, 165, 115-118
[14] Chen, M., Xia, X., Zhang, J., Qi, M., Yin, J., Chen, Q., 2016, Controllable synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoflakes on three-dimensional porous cobalt networks as high-performance cathode for alkaline hybrid batteries, Materials Research Bulletin, 74, [15] Han, L., Yang, D-P., Liu, A., 2015, Leaf-templated synthesis of 3D hierarchical porous cobalt oxide nanostructure as direct electrochemical biosensing interface with enhanced electrocatalysis, Biosensors and Bioelectronics , 63, 145-152.
[16] Bhatt, A, S., Bhat, D, K., Tai, Ch-w., Santosh, M, S., 2011, Microwave-assisted synthesis and magnetic studies of cobalt oxide nanoparticles, Materials Chemistry and Physics,125(3), 347-350.
[17] Marlene Gonz´alez MontieL, Santiago- Jacinto. P, D´ıaz G´ongora J. A. I, Reguera E, Geonel Rodr´ıguez-Gattorno., 2011, Synthesis and ThermalBehavior of Metallic Cobalt Micro and Nanostructures, Nano- Micro Lett, 3, 12-19.
[18] Athawale. Anjali A, Megha Majumdar, Hema Singh, Navinkiran.k,2010., Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nano particles/Fibres in Alcoholic Medium Using γ-ray Technique, Defence ScienceJournal, 60, 507-513.
[19] Joseph, K., Raj, A., Viswanathan, B., 2011, Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles with Vegetable Oil as the Stabilizing Agent, National Centre for Catalysis Research, 9, 6-12.
[20] Shin, N.C., Leea, Y-H., Shina, Y-H., Kimb, J., Le, Y-W., 2010, Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles in Supercritical Methanol, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 124, 140-144.
]21 [مرعشی، پ.، 1383، میکروسکوپهای الکترونی و روشهای نوین آنالیز ابزار شناسایی دنیای نانو، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران
_||_