شناسایی و ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی مواجهه شغلی با ترکیبات فرار (VOCs) و ترکیبات مورد استفاده در تولید حشره کش ها در یک شرکت تولیدی فرآورده های شیمیایی و ارائه راه کارهای کنترلی و پیشگیرانه
محورهای موضوعی : شیمی و مهندسی شیمی کلیه گرایش ها
فریما صبحی
1
,
فاطمه اردستانی
2
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1 - گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قایمشهر
2 - عضو هییت علمی گروه مهندسی شیمی- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قایمشهر
کلید واژه: ارزیابی ریسک, صنایع تولید حشره کش, مواجهه شغلی, مواد شیمیایی,
چکیده مقاله :
در تحقیق حاضر، ریسک مواجهه شغلی با مواد شیمیایی در یک کارخانه تولید حشره کش به منظور تعیین مشاغل پر خطر و ارائه راهکارهایی برای کاهش ریسک بررسی شد. به منظور ارزیابی ریسک مواد شیمیایی از روش ارائه شده توسط انستیتو ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی سنگاپور استفاده گردید. ابتدا وظایف و فرآیندهای شغلی تعیین و درجه خطر و مواجهه کارکنان با هریک از مواد شیمیایی مشخص گردید. در نهایت با تعامل این دو پارامتر در فرمول نهایی، سطوح ریسک برای هر یک از مواد به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد کارکنان تحت بررسی در این مطالعه با 16 ماده شیمیایی شامل زایلن، وینیل استات، تولوئن، اتیل بنزن، نرمال بوتیل استات، نرمال هگزان، پروپیل بنزن، دی اتیل بنزن، تری متیل بنزن، سیکلوهگزان، متیل سیکلوهگزان، پرمترین، دی ترانس آلترین، تترامترین، سدیم نیتریت و سایپرمترین در تماس می باشند. بالاترین ضریب ریسک را وینیل استات داشته و تولوئن، اتیل بنزن، متیل سیکلوهگزان، پرمترین، دی ترانس آلترین، تترامترین، سدیم نیتریت و سایپرمترین نیز ریسک متوسط را برای تمامی شغل ها نشان دادند. کارکنان شاغل در سالن تولید به میزان بالایی در مواجهه با بخارات سمی وینیل استات قرار داشته اند. استفاده از سیستم تهویه مناسب، محصور سازی بالانس تانک ها به منظور کاهش انتشار بخارات و کاهش ساعت مواجهه افراد به عنوان راهکارهای کنترلی پیشنهاد می گردد.
The insecticides production process is one of the industries in which people are exposed to various chemicals. This study evaluated the risk of occupational exposure to chemicals in an insecticide factory in order to determine jobs and provide solutions to reduce the risk of under-considered jobs. This study is cross-sectional and it was carried out in one of the insecticide production industries. The method presented by the Institute of Occupational Safty and Health of Singapore was used to assess the risk of chemicals. For this purpose, at first, job duties and job processes were determined and the degree of exposure of employees to each of the identified chemicals was determined. Filling by interaction of these two parameters in the final formula risk levels were obtained for each material. The results showed that the under-study employees are in contact with 16 chemicals including xylene, vinyl acetate, toluene, ethyl benzene, normal butyl acetate, normal hexane, benzene propyl, diethyl benzene, trimethyl benzene, promethrin, detrains althrin, tetramethri, sodium nitrite and cypermethrin. Among the mentioned cases, the highest risk was vinyl acetate for all jobs and toluene, ethyl benzene, methyl cyclohexane, permethri, detrans althrin, tetramethrin, sodium nitrite and cypermethrin had the average risk. Employees working in the production hall have been exposed to high levels of toxic vinyl acetate vapors. Using a proper ventilation system, and closing the balance of tanks to reduce vapor emissions could reduce people’s exposure time was recommended as a control method.
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