مروری بر کاربرد نانومواد در تبدیل زیست توده به بیوسوخت
محورهای موضوعی : کاربرد شیمی در محیط زیست
Majid Mirzaee
1
(
Non-metallic Materials Research Group, Niroo Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
)
طیبه محبی
2
(
دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، دانشگاه کاشان، گروه شیمی، کاشان، ایران، صندوق پستی: 51167-87317
)
کلید واژه: انرژی زیستی, زیست توده, بیوسوخت, فناوری نانو,
چکیده مقاله :
تولید انرژی جهانی که به شدت تحت تأثیر استفاده گسترده از سوخت‌های فسیلی قرار گرفته، اهمیت یافتن منابع جایگزین انرژی با پتانسیل بالا را برجسته کرده است. تلاش‌های مداومی در جریان است تا به چالش‌های مربوط به مراحل ابتدایی قبل از تبدیل به بیوانرژی نظیر پیش‌تیمار، هیدرولیز آنزیمی و پرورش زیست توده پاسخ داده شود. نانوفناوری قادر است با استفاده از سایت‌های فعال منحصر به فرد خود برای انواع واکنش‌ها و فرآیندها، مشکلات مرتبط با این منابع زیست توده را مرتفع سازد. در این مقاله مروری، پتانسیل نانوفناوری که به عنوان کمک یا افزودنی در این زیست توده‌ها برای تقویت کارایی تولید بیوانرژی ادغام شده، بررسی شده است. مبانی نانومواد به همراه کاربردهای متنوع آنها در زمینه بیوانرژی به طور مفصل مورد بحث قرار گرفته‌اند. همچنین، بهینه‌سازی و افزایش تولید بیوانرژی از لیگنوسلولز، میکروجلبک‌ها و فاضلاب با استفاده از نانومواد به طور کامل ارزیابی شده است. ویژگی‌های برجسته این نانومواد که به بهبود عملکرد بیوسوخت‌ها، بیودیزل، آنزیم‌ها و سلول‌های سوختی میکروبی کمک می‌کنند نیز به طور دقیق مورد نقد و بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. در پایان، بر اساس مطالعات موجود، روندهای آینده و نیازهای تحقیقاتی مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند.
Abstract Global energy production, heavily influenced by the widespread use of fossil fuels, has highlighted the importance of finding alternative energy sources with high potential. Continuous efforts are underway to address challenges related to the initial stages before conversion to bioenergy, such as pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and biomass cultivation. Nanotechnology can overcome problems associated with these biomass sources by using its unique active sites for various reactions and processes. In this review article, the potential of nanotechnology, which has been integrated as an aid or additive in these biomasses to enhance the efficiency of bioenergy production, is examined. The fundamentals of nanomaterials along with their diverse applications in the field of bioenergy are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the optimization and enhancement of bioenergy production from lignocelluloses, microalgae, and wastewater using nanomaterials have been fully evaluated. The prominent features of these nanomaterials that contribute to the improvement of the performance of biofuels, biodiesel, enzymes, and microbial fuel cells have also been critically reviewed. Finally, based on existing studies, future trends and research needs have been considered.
[1] T. Senjyu, A.M. Howlader, Operational aspects of distribution systems with massive DER penetrations, Integration of distributed energy resources in power systems, Elsevier2016, pp. 51-76.
[2] L. Lijó, S. González-García, D. Lovarelli, M.T. Moreira, G. Feijoo, J. Bacenetti, Life cycle assessment of renewable energy production from biomass, Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Systems and Sustainable Energy Technologies: The Italian Experience, (2019) 81-98.
[3] R. Strzalka, D. Schneider, U. Eicker, Current status of bioenergy technologies in Germany, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72 (2017) 801-820.
[4] Y. Li, S.K. Khanal, Bioenergy: principles and applications, John Wiley & Sons2016.
[5] Y. Zheng, J. Zhao, F. Xu, Y. Li, Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced biogas production, Progress in energy and combustion science, 42 (2014) 35-53.
[6] S. Patumsawad, 2nd generation biofuels: technical challenge and R&D opportunity in Thailand, J Sustain Energy Environ (Special Issue), 1 (2011) 47-50.
[7] A. Hosseinpour, M.R. Abadchi, M. Mirzaee, F.A. Tabar, B. Ramezanzadeh, Recent advances and future perspectives for carbon nanostructures reinforced organic coating for anti-corrosion application, Surfaces and Interfaces, 23 (2021) 100994.
[8] J. Contreras, E. Rodriguez, J. Taha-Tijerina, Nanotechnology applications for electrical transformers—A review, Electric Power Systems Research, 143 (2017) 573-584.
[9] M. Mirzaee, M. Vaezi, Y. Palizdar, Synthesis and characterization of silver doped hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings and evaluation of their antibacterial and corrosion resistance properties in simulated body fluid, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 69 (2016) 675-684.
[10] M. Mirzaee, C. Dehghanian, K.S. Bokati, One-step electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide on three-dimensional porous nano nickel-copper foam electrode and its use in supercapacitor, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 813 (2018) 152-162.
[11] M. Mirzaee, C. Dehghanian, K.S. Bokati, ERGO grown on Ni-Cu foam frameworks by constant potential method as high performance electrodes for supercapacitors, Applied Surface Science, 436 (2018) 1050-1060.
[12] K. Palaniappan, An overview of applications of nanotechnology in biofuel production, World Appl Sci J, 35 (2017) 1305-1311.
[13] L. Bogani, W. Wernsdorfer, Molecular spintronics using single-molecule magnets, Nature materials, 7 (2008) 179-186.
[14] J.N. Tiwari, R.N. Tiwari, K.S. Kim, Zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanostructured materials for advanced electrochemical energy devices, Progress in Materials Science, 57 (2012) 724-803.
[15] K.S. Siddiqi, A. Husen, Fabrication of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles by algae and their toxic effects, Nanoscale research letters, 11 (2016) 1-11.
[16] S.E. Lohse, C.J. Murphy, Applications of colloidal inorganic nanoparticles: from medicine to energy, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134 (2012) 15607-15620.
[17] F.A.F. Antunes, S. Gaikwad, A.P. Ingle, R. Pandit, J.C. dos Santos, M. Rai, S.S. da Silva, Bioenergy and biofuels: nanotechnological solutions for sustainable production, Nanotechnology for bioenergy and biofuel production, (2017) 3-18.
[18] M. Valko, H. Morris, M. Cronin, Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress, Current medicinal chemistry, 12 (2005) 1161-1208.
[19] P. Morganti, Saving the environment by nanotechnology and waste raw materials: Use of chitin nanofibrils by EU research projects, J. Appl. Cosmetol, 31 (2013) 89-96.
[20] A.H.A. Rahim, K.S. Khoo, N.M. Yunus, W.S.W. Hamzah, Ether-functionalized ionic liquids as solvent for Gigantochloa scortechini dissolution, AIP conference proceedings, AIP Publishing, 2019.
[21] L. Peña, K. Hohn, J. Li, X. Sun, D. Wang, Synthesis of propyl-sulfonic acid-functionalized nanoparticles as catalysts for cellobiose hydrolysis, Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 5 (2014) 241.
[22] D.-m. Lai, L. Deng, Q.-x. Guo, Y. Fu, Hydrolysis of biomass by magnetic solid acid, Energy & Environmental Science, 4 (2011) 3552-3557.
[23] S. Erdem, B. Erdem, R.M. Öksüzoğlu, Magnetic nano-sized solid acid catalyst bearing sulfonic acid groups for biodiesel synthesis, Open Chemistry, 16 (2018) 923-929.
[24] T.-C. Su, Z. Fang, F. Zhang, J. Luo, X.-K. Li, Hydrolysis of selected tropical plant wastes catalyzed by a magnetic carbonaceous acid with microwave, Scientific Reports, 5 (2015) 17538.
[25] A. Papadopoulou, D. Zarafeta, A.P. Galanopoulou, H. Stamatis, Enhanced catalytic performance of Trichoderma reesei cellulase immobilized on magnetic hierarchical porous carbon nanoparticles, The Protein Journal, 38 (2019) 640-648.
[26] R.H.-Y. Chang, J. Jang, K.C.-W. Wu, Cellulase immobilized mesoporous silica nanocatalysts for efficient cellulose-to-glucose conversion, Green Chemistry, 13 (2011) 2844-2850.
[27] H. Kobayashi, Y. Hosaka, K. Hara, B. Feng, Y. Hirosaki, A. Fukuoka, Control of selectivity, activity and durability of simple supported nickel catalysts for hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose, Green chemistry, 16 (2014) 637-644.
[28] N. Srivastava, R. Rawat, R. Sharma, H.S. Oberoi, M. Srivastava, J. Singh, Effect of nickel–cobaltite nanoparticles on production and thermostability of cellulases from newly isolated thermotolerant Aspergillus fumigatus NS (Class: Eurotiomycetes), Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 174 (2014) 1092-1103.
[29] R. Ahmad, S.K. Khare, Immobilization of Aspergillus niger cellulase on multiwall carbon nanotubes for cellulose hydrolysis, Bioresource technology, 252 (2018) 72-75.
[30] N. Mubarak, J. Wong, K. Tan, J. Sahu, E. Abdullah, N. Jayakumar, P. Ganesan, Immobilization of cellulase enzyme on functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes, Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 107 (2014) 124-131.
[31] K.S. Khoo, S.Y. Lee, C.W. Ooi, X. Fu, X. Miao, T.C. Ling, P.L. Show, Recent advances in biorefinery of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, Bioresource technology, 288 (2019) 121606.
[32] S. Duraiarasan, S.A. Razack, A. Manickam, A. Munusamy, M.B. Syed, M.Y. Ali, G.M. Ahmed, M.S. Mohiuddin, Direct conversion of lipids from marine microalga C. salina to biodiesel with immobilised enzymes using magnetic nanoparticle, Journal of environmental chemical engineering, 4 (2016) 1393-1398.
[33] T. Nematian, Z. Salehi, A. Shakeri, Conversion of bio-oil extracted from Chlorella vulgaris micro algae to biodiesel via modified superparamagnetic nano-biocatalyst, Renewable Energy, 146 (2020) 1796-1804.
[34] A.A. Zaidi, R. Feng, A. Malik, S.Z. Khan, Y. Shi, A.J. Bhutta, A.H. Shah, Combining microwave pretreatment with iron oxide nanoparticles enhanced biogas and hydrogen yield from green algae, Processes, 7 (2019) 24.
[35] V. Lin, P. Mahoney, K. Gibson, Nanofarming technology extracts biofuel oil without harming algae, News released from Office of Public Affairs, (2009).
[36] N.K. Kang, B. Lee, G.-G. Choi, M. Moon, M.S. Park, J. Lim, J.-W. Yang, Enhancing lipid productivity of Chlorella vulgaris using oxidative stress by TiO 2 nanoparticles, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 31 (2014) 861-867.
[37] X. Wang, P. Dou, P. Zhao, C. Zhao, Y. Ding, P. Xu, Immobilization of lipases onto magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles for application in biodiesel production, ChemSusChem: Chemistry & Sustainability Energy & Materials, 2 (2009) 947-950.
[38] C.-H. Liu, C.-C. Huang, Y.-W. Wang, D.-J. Lee, J.-S. Chang, Biodiesel production by enzymatic transesterification catalyzed by Burkholderia lipase immobilized on hydrophobic magnetic particles, Applied Energy, 100 (2012) 41-46.
[39] I.-S. Ng, M.S. Tang, P.L. Show, Z.-M. Chiou, J.-C. Tsai, Y.-K. Chang, Enhancement of C-phycocyanin purity using negative chromatography with chitosan-modified nanofiber membrane, International journal of biological macromolecules, 132 (2019) 615-628.
[40] W.Y. Cheah, P.-L. Show, I.-S. Ng, G.-Y. Lin, C.-Y. Chiu, Y.-K. Chang, Antibacterial activity of quaternized chitosan modified nanofiber membrane, International journal of biological macromolecules, 126 (2019) 569-577.
[41] D.-T. Tran, C.-L. Chen, J.-S. Chang, Immobilization of Burkholderia sp. lipase on a ferric silica nanocomposite for biodiesel production, Journal of biotechnology, 158 (2012) 112-119.
[42] R.N. Mehta, M. Chakraborty, P.A. Parikh, Impact of hydrogen generated by splitting water with nano-silicon and nano-aluminum on diesel engine performance, International journal of hydrogen energy, 39 (2014) 8098-8105.
[43] S. Karthikeyan, A. Elango, A. Prathima, Performance and emission study on zinc oxide nano particles addition with pomolion stearin wax biodiesel of CI engine, (2014).
[44] N. Singh, R. Bharj, Effect of CNT-emulsified fuel on performance emission and combustion characteristics of four stroke diesel engine, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 5 (2015) 477-485.
[45] R.N. Mehta, M. Chakraborty, P.A. Parikh, Nanofuels: Combustion, engine performance and emissions, Fuel, 120 (2014) 91-97.
[46] Z. Li, Q. Fu, H. Kobayashi, S. Xiao, Biofuel production from bioelectrochemical systems, Bioreactors for microbial biomass and energy conversion, (2018) 435-461.
[47] M.M. Gul, K.S. Ahmad, Bioelectrochemical systems: sustainable bio-energy powerhouses, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 142 (2019) 111576.
[48] S. Kalathil, D. Pant, Nanotechnology to rescue bacterial bidirectional extracellular electron transfer in bioelectrochemical systems, RSC advances, 6 (2016) 30582-30597.
[49] X. Quan, B. Sun, H. Xu, Anode decoration with biogenic Pd nanoparticles improved power generation in microbial fuel cells, Electrochimica Acta, 182 (2015) 815-820.
[50] M. Rahimnejad, A. Adhami, S. Darvari, A. Zirepour, S.-E. Oh, Microbial fuel cell as new technology for bioelectricity generation: A review, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 54 (2015) 745-756.
[51] B.E. Logan, B. Hamelers, R. Rozendal, U. Schröder, J. Keller, S. Freguia, P. Aelterman, W. Verstraete, K. Rabaey, Microbial fuel cells: methodology and technology, Environmental science & technology, 40 (2006) 5181-5192.
[52] C. Erbay, X. Pu, W. Choi, M.-J. Choi, Y. Ryu, H. Hou, F. Lin, P. de Figueiredo, C. Yu, A. Han, Control of geometrical properties of carbon nanotube electrodes towards high-performance microbial fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, 280 (2015) 347-354.
[53] Y. Zhang, J. Sun, Y. Hu, S. Li, Q. Xu, Bio-cathode materials evaluation in microbial fuel cells: a comparison of graphite felt, carbon paper and stainless steel mesh materials, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37 (2012) 16935-16942.
[54] W. Liu, S. Cheng, J. Guo, Anode modification with formic acid: A simple and effective method to improve the power generation of microbial fuel cells, Applied surface science, 320 (2014) 281-286.
[55] D. Zhang, Z. Li, C. Zhang, X. Zhou, Z. Xiao, T. Awata, A. Katayama, Phenol-degrading anode biofilm with high coulombic efficiency in graphite electrodes microbial fuel cell, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 123 (2017) 364-369.
[56] L. Zou, Z. Lu, Y. Huang, Z.-e. Long, Y. Qiao, Nanoporous Mo2C functionalized 3D carbon architecture anode for boosting flavins mediated interfacial bioelectrocatalysis in microbial fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, 359 (2017) 549-555.
[57] J.R. Lead, E. Valsami-Jones, Nanoscience and the Environment, Elsevier2014.
[58] L. Malorni, V. Guida, M. Sirignano, G. Genovese, C. Petrarca, P. Pedata, Exposure to sub-10 nm particles emitted from a biodiesel-fueled diesel engine: In vitro toxicity and inflammatory potential, Toxicology letters, 270 (2017) 51-61.