مروری بر کاربرد نانومواد در تبدیل زیست توده به بیوسوخت
محورهای موضوعی : شیمی و مهندسی شیمی کلیه گرایش ها
مجید میرزایی
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طیبه محبی
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1 - استادیار گروه پژوهشی مواد غیرفلزی، پژوهشگاه نیرو، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، دانشگاه کاشان، گروه شیمی، کاشان، ایران، صندوق پستی: 51167-87317
کلید واژه: انرژی زیستی, زیست توده, بیوسوخت, فناوری نانو,
چکیده مقاله :
تولید انرژی جهانی که به شدت تحت تأثیر استفاده گسترده از سوخت‌های فسیلی قرار گرفته، اهمیت یافتن منابع جایگزین انرژی با پتانسیل بالا را برجسته کرده است. تلاش‌های مداومی در جریان است تا به چالش‌های مربوط به مراحل ابتدایی قبل از تبدیل به بیوانرژی نظیر پیش‌تیمار، هیدرولیز آنزیمی و پرورش زیست توده پاسخ داده شود. نانوفناوری قادر است با استفاده از سایت‌های فعال منحصر به فرد خود برای انواع واکنش‌ها و فرآیندها، مشکلات مرتبط با این منابع زیست توده را مرتفع سازد. در این مقاله مروری، پتانسیل نانوفناوری که به عنوان کمک یا افزودنی در این زیست توده‌ها برای تقویت کارایی تولید بیوانرژی ادغام شده، بررسی شده است. مبانی نانومواد به همراه کاربردهای متنوع آنها در زمینه بیوانرژی به طور مفصل مورد بحث قرار گرفته‌اند. همچنین، بهینه‌سازی و افزایش تولید بیوانرژی از لیگنوسلولز، میکروجلبک‌ها و فاضلاب با استفاده از نانومواد به طور کامل ارزیابی شده است. ویژگی‌های برجسته این نانومواد که به بهبود عملکرد بیوسوخت‌ها، بیودیزل، آنزیم‌ها و سلول‌های سوختی میکروبی کمک می‌کنند نیز به طور دقیق مورد نقد و بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. در پایان، بر اساس مطالعات موجود، روندهای آینده و نیازهای تحقیقاتی مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند.
Abstract Global energy production, heavily influenced by the widespread use of fossil fuels, has highlighted the importance of finding alternative energy sources with high potential. Continuous efforts are underway to address challenges related to the initial stages before conversion to bioenergy, such as pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and biomass cultivation. Nanotechnology can overcome problems associated with these biomass sources by using its unique active sites for various reactions and processes. In this review article, the potential of nanotechnology, which has been integrated as an aid or additive in these biomasses to enhance the efficiency of bioenergy production, is examined. The fundamentals of nanomaterials along with their diverse applications in the field of bioenergy are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the optimization and enhancement of bioenergy production from lignocelluloses, microalgae, and wastewater using nanomaterials have been fully evaluated. The prominent features of these nanomaterials that contribute to the improvement of the performance of biofuels, biodiesel, enzymes, and microbial fuel cells have also been critically reviewed. Finally, based on existing studies, future trends and research needs have been considered.
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