parmou, ali, Fallah Tootkar, Hojjat, Changizi Ardehaii, Ismail, Farajiha Qazvini, Mohammad Hoseyn (2020). From Traditionalism to Modernism: Developments in the Education System in Central Asia. *The Journal of Islamic History and Civilisation*, 16(1), 221-247. 10.30495/jhcin.2020.16300