Nikghadam, Niloufar , Zohouri, Raheleh , Tahbaz, Mansoureh (2025) ‘Investigating The Effect of Mesoclimate on the Physical Characteristics of Semi-Open Spaces in Vernacular Houses of Cold Climate (Case Study: Qajar-Era Houses in Ardabil and Tabriz) ’, International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 15(4), pp. 19-34. doi:10.71711/ijaud.2025.1219953