About the journal
The Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones (J Physic Act Horm) is the official journal of the Islamic Azad University, Shiraz branch and is published quarterly. This journal does not charge publication/processing fees from Author(s). This open access journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (CC-BY). Under the terms of this license, authors retain ownership of the copyright of their articles. However, the license permits any user to download, print out, extract, reuse, archive, and distribute the article, so long as appropriate credit is given to the authors and the source of the work. Please see our Guide for Authors for more information.
Recent Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Effect of Eight Weeks of Combined aerobic-resistance Training on Sleep Quality, Prolactin Hormone, and Growth Hormone, of Overweight and obese adolescent girls
Zohreh Nikjoo mona Mehdizadeh Haghighi Anahita Shabani Nasibeh Ezeddin Mahtab DehghanzadehIssue 2 , Vol. 5 , Spring 2024Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of combined training (aerobic-resistance) on sleep quality, prolactin hormone and growth hormone, of overweight and obese adolescent girls. Research method: The current research was of a semi MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of combined training (aerobic-resistance) on sleep quality, prolactin hormone and growth hormone, of overweight and obese adolescent girls. Research method: The current research was of a semi-experimental type. In this study, 30 overweight and obese adolescent girls were randomly divided into two experimental groups of 15 people (average age: 16.33 ± 0.97 years; body mass index: 26 30.48±3 kg/m2) and the control group (mean age: 16.53±1.18 years; body mass index: 30.48±3.26 kg/m2) were divided. Eight weeks experimental group they performed progressive aerobic-resistance exercises three sessions a week. Each session consists of 10 minutes of warming up, 5 minutes of cooling down, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise with an intensity of 60-80% of the maximum heart rate and 45 minutes of resistance exercise with an intensity of 50-70%. Repetition was the maximum. Before and after eight weeks of training, sleep quality, anxiety level and prolactin and growth hormones were measured. Statistical information was obtained by one-way ANCOVA and Yeoman-Whitney tests through spss software. 22 cases were analyzed. A significance level of p0.05). Conclusion: A combined training course (aerobic-resistance) probably improves the quality of sleep of overweight and obese students and has no effect on prolactin and growth hormone levels Keyword: sleep quality, prolactin hormone, growth hormone, combined training (aerobic-resistance). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Comparison of small-sided games and sprint training program on the testosterone, cortisol, blood cell count, and physical fitness indices in teenage soccer players
Mona Sebghati Shiraz Ramin Shabani Mojtaba MohammadiIssue 2 , Vol. 5 , Spring 2024Introduction: The purpose of this study was to comparison of SSG and sprint on testosterone, cortisol, blood cell count, and physical fitness indices in teenage soccer players. Material & Methods: In this experimental study, thirty-six teenage athletes (13.55±0.53) wer MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to comparison of SSG and sprint on testosterone, cortisol, blood cell count, and physical fitness indices in teenage soccer players. Material & Methods: In this experimental study, thirty-six teenage athletes (13.55±0.53) were randomly divided into control, SSG, and sprint groups. The subjects in the sprint group underwent 45-minutes short bursts of sprinting. The SSG group exercise program 45-minutes consisted of 8×3 minutes with 3 minutes of active recovery between sets was performed on a small Football pitch without a goalkeeper. In contrast, the control group continued their usual routine activities for 4 weeks (3days/week). Basal levels of K-TEST, RSA, and YO-Y0 tests, as well as blood indices of testosterone and cortisol and blood cells, were measured before commencement and after 4 weeks of training. Results: The results indicate that sprint training led to a significant increase in testosterone, T/C ratio, RBC, and WBC compared to the control group and significantly decrease in cortisol and agility performance. SSG also caused a significant increase in testosterone, testosterone to cortisol ratio, RBC, WBC, SII, and aerobic performance, with a significant decrease in cortisol and agility performance. Additionally, in the control group, cortisol showed a significant increase, and the testosterone to cortisol ratio was significantly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study revealed that both sprint and SSG training individually can have desirable effects on testosterone, cortisol, T/C ratio, WBC, and RBC and agility test. Sprint and SSG were found to be effective for these factors. The SSG training program increases WBC, SII and aerobic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The effect of concurrent aerobic resistance exercise on thyroid hormones, body composition, and maximum oxygen consumption of sedentary overweight and obese women with hypothyroidism
fatemeh loghmani Khartomi mohadeseh dadmanesh Anahita ShabaniIssue 2 , Vol. 5 , Spring 2024Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous resistance aerobic training on selected indicators of body composition, maximal oxygen consumption and thyroid hormones in sedentary overweight and obese women with hypothyroidism. Materi MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous resistance aerobic training on selected indicators of body composition, maximal oxygen consumption and thyroid hormones in sedentary overweight and obese women with hypothyroidism. Material & Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 women with hypothyroidism were randomly divided into two control groups (number = 12 people; body mass index: 31.33±3.62 kg/m2) and experimental (number= 12 people; body mass index: 32.33 ± 4.05 kg/m2) were divided. The experimental group did 8 weeks of simultaneous aerobic-resistance training. Each session consisted of 30 minutes of aerobic training (80-55% of maximum heart rate) and 30 minutes of resistance training. Before and after the 8-week training period, body composition measurements (weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and fat percentage), maximum oxygen consumption (Rockport 1609-meter walking test) and blood hormone measurements (TSH and T4) to It was done. Statistical information was measured by SPSS software version 26 and the statistical level α<0.05 was considered. Results: Compared to the pre-test in the experimental group, there was a significant decrease in the variable of weight (p=0.01), body mass index (p=0.008), body fat percentage (p=0.002), TSH (p=0.005) and a significant increase in maximum oxygen consumption (p=0.002), T4 (p=0.01) was seen, but no significant difference was observed in the variable of waist circumference to hip circumference. In the inter-group comparison, there was no significant difference in all the variables in the pre-test, and in the post-test comparison, there was a significant decrease in the experimental group compared to the control group, but there was no change in the waist-to-hip ratio variable. Conclusions: These findings show that resistance aerobic exercise has an effect on selected indicators of body composition, maximal oxygen consumption, and thyroid hormones in sedentary, overweight and obese women with hypothyroidism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Comparison of two methods of high-intensity aerobic and strength training on the levels of testosterone, cortisol, insulin-like growth hormone (IGF1) and immunoglobulin (IgG) in professional taekwondo athletes
kaveh babaei mohadeseh dadmanesh Mahtab DehghanzadehIssue 2 , Vol. 5 , Spring 2024Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between two methods of high-intensity aerobic and strength training on the levels of testosterone, cortisol, (IGF1) and immunoglobulin (IgG) in professional taekwondo athletes. Material & Methods: MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between two methods of high-intensity aerobic and strength training on the levels of testosterone, cortisol, (IGF1) and immunoglobulin (IgG) in professional taekwondo athletes. Material & Methods: The present research method was semi-experimental and had a pre- and post-test approach. The statistical population of this research was the professional taekwondo athletes of Rasht city with an average age of 22 ± 1.5 years. To collect information on testosterone and cortisol levels by immunoassay method (GMB kit; (IGF1) by ELISA method and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) values by nephlometry method (blood sampling) in three stages and three consecutive weeks (24 One hour after specialized Taekwondo training (pre-test), 24 hours after high-intensity strength training and 24 hours after high-intensity aerobic training (post-tests) in the fasting state from the subjects' brachial vein by a laboratory science specialist. was received and then two aerobic exercise protocols (80% Vo2Max) and high intensity strength (80% 1RM) were implemented on the sample people during two different sessions and for 45 minutes. Results: The findings showed that there is a difference between the effect of two methods of high-intensity aerobic training and high-intensity strength training on the levels of testosterone, cortisol, insulin-like growth hormone ( IGF1) and immunoglobulin (IgG) of professional Taekwondo athletes, there is a significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the findings, serum testosterone levels may increase slightly after high-intensity strength training and then high-intensity aerobic training. find Serum cortisol levels decrease after high-intensity aerobic training but increase after high-intensity strength training, and it is possible that insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1) serum levels decrease after high-intensity strength training. But after the high-intensity aerobic training test, there should not be many changes. Serum levels of immunoglobulin G have little changes and decrease after high-intensity aerobic and strength training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The effects of glutamine on serum LDH and CK in rats following a session of resistance activity
Shima Ebadi Ardeshir ZafariIssue 2 , Vol. 5 , Spring 2024Muscle pain after resistance activities, which occurs due to the destruction of sarcolema, increases the serum levels of LDH and CK enzymes as indicators of muscle damage. The results have shown that the use of food supplements such as glutamine can be useful in reducin MoreMuscle pain after resistance activities, which occurs due to the destruction of sarcolema, increases the serum levels of LDH and CK enzymes as indicators of muscle damage. The results have shown that the use of food supplements such as glutamine can be useful in reducing the serum indicators of muscle damage. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of glutamine supplementation on serum indicators of muscle damage, including the serum levels of LDH and CK enzymes following a session of resistance activity. The present experimental study was carried out using an animal model in the form of a 3 group’s research design with a control group. To this end, 30 six-week-old adult male Wistar rats were kept under controlled conditions for 2 weeks and were then divided into three equal groups, including control, and resistance activity with/ without glutamine supplementation. The glutamine supplementation group received the prepared emulsion by gavage of 200 mg/kg of body weight. After five days, both experimental groups participated in a session of resistance activity (namely, climbing a smooth ramp with one and a half meters height and a 85° decline) with 4 sets, 5 repetitions, 30 seconds of rest between repetitions and 2 minutes of rest between sets. The initial load was considered equal to 50% of the rats' body weight. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used at a significance level of p ≥ 0.05. The levels of CK and LDH enzymes were different in groups. A five-day glutamine supplementation before performing a session of resistance activity can cause a lower increase in the serum levels of CK and LDH enzymes as serum indicators of muscle damage, which indicates the protective effect of glutamine in maintaining the integrity and structure of cell membrane. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The effect of combined exercise training on Body composition, Upper limb Range of motion, Shoulder pain, and Glucose homeostasis in type II diabetic patients after breast cancer surgery
maryam koulaei Nasibeh Ezeddin Anahita Shabani mona Mehdizadeh Haghighi Mohammad HedayatiIssue 2 , Vol. 5 , Spring 2024The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a period of combined training on the Body composition, Range of motion Upper limb, Shoulder pain rate, Glucose homeostasis in type II diabetic patients after breast cancer surgery. The sample of the study in MoreThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a period of combined training on the Body composition, Range of motion Upper limb, Shoulder pain rate, Glucose homeostasis in type II diabetic patients after breast cancer surgery. The sample of the study included 30 individuals who underwent breast surgery.the Experimental group had resistance exercises using band Pilates and aerobic exercises with 50-70% maximum heart rate(n=15), and the control group had the same exercise(n=15). the training sessions were planned as x 3 per week for a period of 8 weeks. the Body composition, Range of motion, pain, Glucose homeostasis of all individuals was evaluated before and after training. according to the measurements It was concluded that that there is a significant difference in the BMI between the two groups (P <0.05). The results also demonstrated that there is a significant difference in the Glucose homeostasis among the two research groups (P <0.05), however, this difference was not significant in Insulin resistance. After 8 weeks, the combined exercise showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (P <0.05) and the flexion and extension limbs of the shoulder, the internal and external shoulder rotation, flexion and elbow exertion of the subjects. But the pain did not have a significant difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The effect of high-intensity strength and endurance training on cortisol, testosterone, and physical fitness of 15-20-year-old male taekwondo athletes in Rash
Seyed Razi Moravej Marzieh Nazari Ramin ShabaniIssue 2 , Vol. 5 , Spring 2024Objectives. High intensity training change anthropometric and Biochemical parameters in athletes, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a high intensity training course on BMI, cortisol and testosterone in taekwondo boys 15 to 20 years in Rasht. Mat MoreObjectives. High intensity training change anthropometric and Biochemical parameters in athletes, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a high intensity training course on BMI, cortisol and testosterone in taekwondo boys 15 to 20 years in Rasht. Material and Methods. This quasi-experimental research, which was conducted with study population of 15 to 20-year-old boy’s taekwondo in Rasht. The subjects of this study were randomly divided into two groups. The first group of training age was M±SD 17.70±2.26 year, and other group exercise age was M±SD 16.90±1.72 year. The first training group with traditional Taekwondo training, strength - endurance training with moderate intensity for 95 minutes and the second group this exercises with high intensity for 80 minutes were performed. before and after 8 weeks of training, BMI, anaerobic capacity, hormones cortisol and testosterone were assessed. The dependent t-test and independent t- test were used to analyze the data of study at p> 0.05. Results. The results of this study showed that six-weeks of high intensity training reduced the significantly the hormones cortisol (P = 0.001). Testosterone and anaerobic capacity significantly increased after exercise in both groups(P = 0.001). Comparisons between groups showed significant difference in anaerobic Capacity (P = 0.001). Conclusions. High-intensity training in Taekwondo athlete probably have a positive effect on physical fitness factors, cortisol and testosterone hormones and improve the performance of this athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of two types of resistance and functional training programs on myostatin and follistatin of young active men
sajad khosroshahi bahram abedi abass mehranpour Mojtaba KhansoozIssue 2 , Vol. 5 , Spring 2024Abstract Objective: The present study aimed at the effect of two types of resistance and functional training programs on myostatin and follistatin of young active men. Materials and Methods: In the study, 45 active young men with an age range of 18 to 28 years were sele MoreAbstract Objective: The present study aimed at the effect of two types of resistance and functional training programs on myostatin and follistatin of young active men. Materials and Methods: In the study, 45 active young men with an age range of 18 to 28 years were selected as available and placed in three groups of intense functional exercises, traditional resistance exercises and control. Bleeding was done in two stages: pre-Test (24 hours before the start of the intervention period) and post-test (48 hours after the end of the intervention period). The training phase took place in eight weeks and three sessions each week. The data collected was analyzed by T-dependent method, covariance and benfronian tracking test. Findings: The results of the present study showed that intense functional training and traditional resistance training had a significant effect on the reduction of myostatin in young active men. Participants in the intense performance training group were statistically lower in myostatin compared to participants in the traditional resistance training group. Intense functional training and traditional resistance training had a significant effect on the increase in follistatin in young active men. Participants in the intense performance training group were statistically higher than participants in the traditional follistatin resistance training group. Intense functional training and traditional resistance training had a significant impact on increasing the strength of the lower and upper limbs of active young men. Participants in the intense performance training group had statistically higher lower and upper limb strength compared to participants in the traditional resistance training group. Conclusion: Overall, the results of the present study showed that 8 weeks of traditional HIFT and resistance training improved protein synthesis factors and improved the performance of young athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The effect of aerobic-resistance exercise on body composition, physical fitness, resting metabolism rate, serum cortisol and leptin of female with hypothyroidism
masoumeh amani mohadeseh dadmaneshIssue 2 , Vol. 5 , Spring 2024Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common condition where the thyroid doesn’t create and release enough thyroid hormone into your bloodstream. This makes your metabolism slow down. So, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic-resistance traini MoreIntroduction: Hypothyroidism is a common condition where the thyroid doesn’t create and release enough thyroid hormone into your bloodstream. This makes your metabolism slow down. So, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic-resistance training on body composition, physical fitness, resting metabolism rate, cortisol and leptin of female with hypothyroidism. Material & Methods: This research was a clinical trial with a statistical sample of 20 volunteers with hypothyroidism who were referred to a 17th shahrivar hospital clinical in Rasht city, and were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (EG) and control (CG). Before and after 8 weeks of resistance aerobic exercise (3Session, 75Min). Serum cortisol, leptin and body composition indices and physical fitness components were measured. Analysis of the obtained data was done through SPSS version 26. Results: The results of the present study showed that 8 weeks of aerobic-resistance training caused a significant decrease in waist-to-hip ratio, increased anaerobic power, agility, balance, and muscle strength (P<0.05), but no significant were seen on resting metabolism rate, serum cortisol and leptin of female with hypothyroidism (P<0.05). Conclusions: It seems that aerobic-resistance training may improve some of physical fitness and body composition of females with hypothyroidism, but it has no effect on resting metabolism rate, serum cortisol and leptin of these patient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effect of Concurrent Aerobic and Pilates Training on Body Composition and Glucose Hemostasis on Obese Non-Menopausal Women
Kimia Poornoruz Sara JafariIssue 2 , Vol. 5 , Spring 2024Introduction: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is very high in the north of Iran, it is a signal of serious health problems and should be the focus of special attention. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of concurrent aerobic and Pilat MoreIntroduction: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is very high in the north of Iran, it is a signal of serious health problems and should be the focus of special attention. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of concurrent aerobic and Pilates exercises on body composition and glucose homeostasis in obese non-menopausal women. Material & Methods: 28 eligible women were randomly divided into experimental (EG), and control groups (CG). The training protocol consisted of two sessions per week, and each session was 90 minutes of aerobic and Pilates exercises. body mass index (BMI), The Waist-to-hip Ratio (WHR), body fat percent (BF%), fasting blood sugar(FBS), body obesity index, muscle mass, insulin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR) were measured before and after 12 weeks exercise training. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in subcutaneous fat (%), WHR, and Insulin in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test (p0.05). Conclusion: Concurrent aerobic and Pilates training programs probably improve body composition indices, and decrease serum insulin in obese women with normal blood glucose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effects Of 8 Weeks of High and Moderate Intensity Interval Training on Irisin and Adipolin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Male Rats
Roya BesharatiIssue 2 , Vol. 5 , Spring 2024Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high and moderate intensity interval training on Irisin and Adipolin levels in type 2 diabetic male rats. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: healthy and diabetic, diabetic rats MoreAim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high and moderate intensity interval training on Irisin and Adipolin levels in type 2 diabetic male rats. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: healthy and diabetic, diabetic rats were randomly divided into three subgroups of diabetic control and two HIIT and MIIT groups; so that the present study was performed on four groups (8 per each group). The training was performed with 65-70% and 85-90% of the maximum oxygen consumption in MIIT and HIIT groups, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, the mice were removed by intraperitoneal injection of a combination of anaesthetic ketamine and xylazine. The levels of Irisin and adipolin were measured by ELISA method. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The results of the post hoc test indicated a significant increase in irisin and adipolin in the HIIT and MIIT groups compared to the control group (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between HIIT and MIIT groups (p = 0.274). Conclusion: HIIT and MIIT could lead to a significant increase in irisin and adipolin in diabetic rats. Keywords: Diabetes, Irisin, Adipolin and interval training. Manuscript profile
Most Viewed Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - The effect of an eight-week Pilates exercise regimen on stress management and cortisol levels in sedentary women
Hamideh Ahmadi Mohammad Reza MehravarIssue 4 , Vol. 3 , Autumn 2019Introduction: The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercise on stress management and cortisol levels in sedentary women. Material & Methods: Twenty-two sedentary women aged between 25 and 40 years old participated in this s MoreIntroduction: The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercise on stress management and cortisol levels in sedentary women. Material & Methods: Twenty-two sedentary women aged between 25 and 40 years old participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into the Pilates group (n=11) or the control group (n=11). The subjects in the Pilates group performed 60 minutes of Pilates exercise 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Body composition parameters, resting heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), cortisol levels and perceived stress were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The results showed that body fat percentage, cortisol levels, and perceived stress score were reduced after Pilates exercise (p <0.05); however for resting HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) no significant changes were observed. Conclusions: In summary, the results suggest that the Pilates exercise utilized in this study is a useful strategy for stress management in sedentary women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Mini-Review: Effect of exercise on cortisol synthesis, release, metabolism, and clearance
Majid Mufaqam Syed-AbdulIssue 3 , Vol. 4 , Summer 2020Cortisol is a glucocorticoid, synthesized in response to the action of adrenocorticotropic releasing hormone (ACTH) on adrenal glands (AG) and released from zona fasciculata. Increased cortisol is associated with psychological and physical stress. Several strategies hav MoreCortisol is a glucocorticoid, synthesized in response to the action of adrenocorticotropic releasing hormone (ACTH) on adrenal glands (AG) and released from zona fasciculata. Increased cortisol is associated with psychological and physical stress. Several strategies have been used in the past to overcome stress in an athletic and healthy population. Among these strategies, exercise has been shown to beneficial for the management of stress. However, it is unknown if these benefits are due to the direct effect of exercise on cortisol levels. In this brief review, we have outlined the benefits of exercise and how exercise in previous literature has shown to affect cortisol levels in two ways. First, by directly activating the hypothalamus-pituitary axis (HPA) and second, by releasing ACTH which acts on AG and stimulates the release of cortisol. This mini-review will discuss the effects of type of exercise (aerobic and resistance) on cortisol synthesis and release, metabolism, and clearance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effects of Heavy Duty versus traditional resistance training on thigh muscle cross-sectional area
Javad Mokaram Bakhtajerdi Mehrzad MoghadasiIssue 2 , Vol. 2 , Spring 2018Introduction: Heavy Duty resistance training (HD) is a new method that might improve muscle strength and hypertrophy. The effect of this method on thigh muscle hypertrophy is not well-known. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of HD versus tradit MoreIntroduction: Heavy Duty resistance training (HD) is a new method that might improve muscle strength and hypertrophy. The effect of this method on thigh muscle hypertrophy is not well-known. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of HD versus traditional resistance training (TRT) on thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Material & Methods: Twenty untrained healthy men (age: 25.6 ± 2.0 mean ± SD) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were divided into HD group (n=10) or TRT group (n=10) randomly. The subjects in HD and TRT executed five resistance exercises selected to stress the thigh muscle groups in the following order: leg press, squat, leg extension, prone leg curl, and dead lift. HD and TRT consisted of 50-60 min of station weight training per day, 3 days a week, for 8 weeks. TRT training was performed in 5 stations and included 4 sets with 6-12 maximal repetitions at 70-80% of 1-RM in each station with 2-3 minute of rest. HD training was performed in 5 stations and included 4 sets with 6-10 maximal repetitions at 70% of 1-RM in each station with 10 second of rest. Thigh muscle CSA and grow hormone (GH) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The results showed that maximum strength in each station was increased after HD and TRT (P<0.05). Thigh muscle CSA also was increased after HD and TRT; however the increase in thigh muscle CSA was higher in HD than TRT. For GH no significant differences were observed after the HD and TRT methods. Conclusions: In summary, HD method is better than TRT method for thigh muscle CSA however no significant differences were found for GH level after these resistance training methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Resistance training improves primary dysmenorrhea symptoms in young girls: A randomized controlled trial
Roghayeh MoradpourIssue 3 , Vol. 3 , Summer 2019Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as difficulty in menstrual flow in the absence of any pelvic pathology. It is the most common gynaecological problem among adolescent females. The effects of resistance training (RT) on primary dysmenorrhea are not well know MoreIntroduction: Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as difficulty in menstrual flow in the absence of any pelvic pathology. It is the most common gynaecological problem among adolescent females. The effects of resistance training (RT) on primary dysmenorrhea are not well known. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of RT on primary dysmenorrhea in young girls. Material & Methods: The present quasi experimental study included 20 girls of age 20-23 years with primary dysmenorrheal were selected from Marvdasht branch, Islamic Azad University. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental group (n=10) or control group (n=10). The RT program was composed of exercises for different body segments (trunk, upper and lower limbs) that were performed with 10-12 maximal repetitions at 30-65% of 1-RM. The RT consisted of 50-60 min of circuit weight training per day, 3 days a week, for 8 weeks. Moo’s Menstrual Distress Questionnaire was used to evaluate psychological and physical symptoms of dysmenorrheal. Estrogen and progesterone levels and psychological and physical symptoms of dysmenorrhea were measured before and after the intervention. Paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test were used to compute changes in the variables before and after the intervention. Results: Physical premenstrual symptoms were significantly reduced (11.0 ± 5.1 vs. 6.6 ± 3.9; P = 0.001) while estrogen (6.0 ± 4.6 vs. 8.2 ± 5.7 ng/ml; P = 0.012) and progesterone levels (6.6 ± 2.8 vs. 8.0 ± 5.2 ng/ml; P = 0.017) were significantly increased after the intervention compare to the control group. For psychological premenstrual symptoms (10.4 ± 6.4 vs. 10.4 ± 5.1; P = 0.13) no significant changes were observed in response to 8 weeks of RT. Conclusions: Primary dysmenorrhea is a common complaint among young women. RT seems to be a practical method for reducing primary dysmenorrhea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - CrossFit training improves blood lipid profile in overweight men: A randomized controlled trial
Amin Moghimi SaraniIssue 1 , Vol. 4 , Winter 2020Introduction: CrossFit is recognized as one of the fastest growing modes of high-intensity functional training. Exercise training is a useful strategy for controlling blood lipid profile. The effect of CrossFit training on blood lipid profile is not well known. Thus, th MoreIntroduction: CrossFit is recognized as one of the fastest growing modes of high-intensity functional training. Exercise training is a useful strategy for controlling blood lipid profile. The effect of CrossFit training on blood lipid profile is not well known. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks CrossFit training on blood lipid parameters in overweight men. Material & Methods: Twenty sedentary overweight men (BMI: 28.4 ± 1.4 kg.m-2) participated in this study as the subject. The participants were divided into control (n=10) or CrossFit (n=10) group based on their maximum oxygen uptake randomly. The participants in CrossFit group were performed selected CrossFit training 5 days a week for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected before and 48h after the intervention. Results: Date indicated that plasma glucose (96.2±7.1 to 78.5±4.3), total cholesterol (TC) (162.6±11.0 to 139.2±6.3), TG (98.2±33.4 to 58.4±13.4) and LDL (95.2±5.4 to 69.7±.7) were decreased and plasma HDL was increased (40.7±3.4 to 62.8±3.3) after CrossFit training in compare to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Data suggested that CrossFit training is a novel and useful strategy for controlling blood lipid levels and blood glycemia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The effects of regular aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhea in young girls
Roghayeh MoradpourIssue 1 , Vol. 3 , Winter 2019Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a painful syndrome that accompanies the menstrual cycles. The effects of aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhea are not well known. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of regular aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhe MoreIntroduction: Dysmenorrhea is a painful syndrome that accompanies the menstrual cycles. The effects of aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhea are not well known. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of regular aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhea in young girls. Material & Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial of 20 colleagues girl students in Marvdasht city that suffering from severe dysmenorrhea. The subjects were randomly divided into exercise group (n=10) or control group (n=10). The subjects in the exercise group run 10 to 15 × 2 to 5 minute with 75 to 90% of maximum heart rate 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Estrogen and progesterone levels and psychological and physical symptoms of dysmenorrhea were measured before and after the intervention. Moo’s Menstrual Distress Questionnaire was used to evaluate psychological and physical symptoms of dysmenorrhea. Results: Physical premenstrual symptoms were significantly reduced (12.6 ± 3.2 vs. 7.1 ± 4.6) and estrogen levels were significantly increased (7.4 ± 4.4 vs. 9.4 ± 3.1 ng/ml) after the intervention compare to the control group. For psychological premenstrual symptoms (11.4 ± 7.6 vs. 11.9 ± 6.1) and progesterone levels (7.4 ± 6.4 vs. 7.5 ± 5.1 ng/ml) no significant changes were observed in response to 8 weeks aerobic exercise. Conclusions: The results suggested that selected aerobic exercises positively influenced physical menstrual symptoms and its related hormones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Vitamin D3 Supplementation and Aquatic Exercise Combination as A Safe- Efficient Therapeutic Strategy to ameliorate Interleukin-6 and 10, and social interaction in Children with Autism
Fahimeh AdibSaber Soleyman Ansari Kolachahi Alireza Elmieh Akbar Allahyari Karnagh Babak BarkadehiIssue 1 , Vol. 5 , Winter 2023AbstractIntroduction: Increasing evidence demonstrated that there are altered levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and pointed out that immune dysfunction may also relate to social deficits. This study inves MoreAbstractIntroduction: Increasing evidence demonstrated that there are altered levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and pointed out that immune dysfunction may also relate to social deficits. This study investigated the effect of aquatic exercise combined with vitamin D supplementation on social interaction and two related cytokines (Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10) in children with ASD.Material & Methods: Forty boys with ASD (mean age: 10.90; age range: 6–14 years) were randomly assigned to the three interventions (groups 1, 2, and 3) and one control group (each 10 participants). Participants in the group 1 and 3 received a 10-week aquatic exercise program. Subjects in groups 2 and 3 took orally 50,000 IU of vitamin D3/ week. We evaluated the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and the participants' social interaction at baseline and post-intervention. Results:Compared to the control group, all three interventions improved social skills scores (p< 0.001). surprisingly, the combination strategy could significantly reduce IL-6 and increase IL-10 serum levels in children with ASD (p< 0.001).Conclusion: It is recommended that aqua-based exercise programs combined with vitamin D supplementation maximize the improvement of social and communication dysfunction in children with ASD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Spark Motor Program reduced oxidative stress in boys with Down syndrome
Atefeh Jan Mohammadi Mehrzad MoghadasiIssue 2 , Vol. 2 , Spring 2018Introduction: Oxidative stress (OS) level is higher in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker for lipid peroxidation and the effect of exercise training on MDA in DS patients is not well known. The aim of this study was to examine the eff MoreIntroduction: Oxidative stress (OS) level is higher in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker for lipid peroxidation and the effect of exercise training on MDA in DS patients is not well known. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of selected Spark Motor Program on MDA in boys with DS. Material & Methods: Twenty Down syndrome boys aged between 10~14 participated in this study as the subjects. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental group (n=10) or control group (n=10). The experimental group was performed selected Spark Motor Program 3 days a week for 8 weeks. MDA concentration was measured before and 48h after the intervention. Results: The results showed that MDA decreased after 8 weeks selected experimental in compare to the control group. Conclusions: In summary, Spark Motor Program that selected in this study decreases MDA of boys with DS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The effect of aerobic exercise and diet on selected physical fitness indices and blood glucose hemostasis in patients with diabetes type I
Farkhondeh sadat Abdolrahimi Raziyeh ShoyoieIssue 1 , Vol. 5 , Winter 2023Introduction: This study aimed to examine the impact of aerobic exercise and diet on physical fitness and blood glucose regulation in type I diabetes patients.Material & Methods: The study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week combined exercise program on th MoreIntroduction: This study aimed to examine the impact of aerobic exercise and diet on physical fitness and blood glucose regulation in type I diabetes patients.Material & Methods: The study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week combined exercise program on the blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and aerobic and anaerobic capacity of 40 eligible volunteer children aged 11-15 years. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: control and experimental. The exercise program included pilates, weight-bearing, and aerobic exercises and was conducted three times a week for one hour. The participant's blood sugar, HbA1c, and aerobic and anaerobic capacity were measured before and after training. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 26 at a significance level 0.05.Results:After conducting a paired t-test, it was found that the control group showed a significant increase in body mass index and waist circumference. In contrast, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar and hemoglobin levels and an increase in aerobic and anaerobic capacity (P<0.05). When comparing the two groups, it was observed that the experimental group had a significant decrease in waist size, FBS, and HbA1c and a significant increase in aerobic and anaerobic power (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in other research variables.Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, it is likely that engaging in a combination of exercises would lead to improvements in anthropometric indices and glucose homeostasis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of aerobic and resistance exercise with olive extract on VO2 max, PTEN, and AKT in rats with Parkinson's disease
Seyedeh Soheila Bolhagh Ramin Shabani Donya SajediIssue 1 , Vol. 5 , Winter 2023Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training with the consumption of olive extract on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome MoreIntroduction: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training with the consumption of olive extract on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and protein kinase B (AKT) in rats with Parkinson.Material & Methods:The samples of this experimental study included male Wistar rats (n = 30, 8 weeks old, 200 ± 50 g). Animals were randomly divided into six groups: control (C), Parkinson's (P), Parkinson's with olive extract (P+OE), Parkinson's with exercise (P+E), Parkinson's with olive extract and exercise (P+OE+E), and olive extract with exercise (OE+E) group (n = 5 per group). The training groups performed aerobic and resistance exercises for eight weeks (5 sessions per week) and were given olive extract by gavage. VO2 max was assessed at the end of the fourth and eighth weeks of exercise. One day after the intervention, rats were sacrificed, and tissues were removed and examined for real-time PCR. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data.Results:The results showed that a period of exercise training combined with the consumption of olive extract significantly increased the VO2 max in rats with Parkinson's disease (P < 0.05). The expression of the PTEN gene decreased in OE+E, P+OE+E, and P+E groups compared to P+OE and Parkinson's groups (P<0.05). AKT gene expression in all intervention groups significantly increased compared to the Parkinson's group (P<0.05).Conclusions:The results suggest that a period of exercise with the consumption of olive extract probably can increase the VO2 max and AKT and decrease PTEN in rats with Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile
