تاثیر شش هفته تمرینات هوازی منتخب بر برخی عوامل فیزیولوژیکی مردان سالمند
محورهای موضوعی : دسترسی آزاد
محسن خداکرمیان
1
(گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد اسلام آباد غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اسلام آباد غرب، ایران)
مهران قهرمانی
2
(گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
ناهید محمدی جاوید
3
(گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران)
پریسا بنایی
4
(گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران)
کلید واژه: ضربان قلب, سالمند, تمرین هوازی, فشار خون سیستولیک, گلبول قرمز,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه و هدف: سالمندی مرحله ای از زندگی است که با تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی همراه است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر شش هفته تمرینات هوازی منتخب بر برخی عوامل فیزیولوژیکی مردان سالمند می باشد.مواد و روش ها: در این پژوهش نیمه تجربی و کاربردی 48 مرد سالمند کم تحرک با دامنه سنی بین 60 تا 70 سال به صورت داوطلبانه در شهر گیلان غرب به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند و در دو گروه 24 نفره تمرینات هوازی و کنترل قرار گرفتند. تمرینات به مدت شش هفته، سه جلسه در هفته و هر جلسه یک ساعت با شدت 55 درصد حداکثر ضربان قلب انجام شد. توان هوازی، ضربان قلب، فشار خون سیستولیک، گلبول قرمز و هموگلوبین قبل از اجرای تحقیق و 48 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه تمرینی اندازه گیری شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل یافته های تحقیق از آزمون های کالموگروف اسمیرنوف، t مستقل و t وابسته استفاده شد (05/0P≤).یافته ها: شش هفته تمرین هوازی اثر معنی داری بر بهبود توان هوازی، ضربان قلب، فشار خون سیستولیک، گلبول های قرمز، و هموگلوبین مردان سالمند داشت (001/0P=).بحث و نتیجه گیری: به نظر می رسد جهت بهبود عوامل خطرزای قلبی- عروقی و همچنین عوامل هماتولوژیک مردان سالمند بتوان از شش هفته تمرینات هوازی استفاده نمود.
Introduction: Aging is a stage of life that is associated with physiological changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of selected aerobic training on some physiological factors in elderly men.Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental and applied study, 48 sedentary male elderly volunteers with the age range of 60 - 70 years were selected as the statistical sample in Gilan-e-Gharb and divided into two groups of aerobic training and control (n= 24, in each group). The training protocol was performed for six weeks, three sessions per week and each session lasted one hour with an intensity of 55% of the maximum heart rate. Aerobic capacity, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, red blood cells and hemoglobin were measured before the study and also 48 hours after the last training session. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, independent samples t-test and dependent samples t-test were used to analyze the research findings (P≤0.05).Findings: Six weeks of aerobic training had a significant effect on improving aerobic power, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, red blood cells, and hemoglobin in elderly men (P = 0.001).Conclusion: It seems that six weeks of aerobic training can be used to improve cardiovascular risk factors as well as hematological factors in elderly men.
1. Chalise HN. Aging: Basic concept. Am J Biomed Sci Res. 2019; 1: 8- 10. [DOI:10.34297/AJBSR.2019.01.000503]
2. Varesco G, Hunter SK, Rozand V. Physical activity and aging research: opportunities abound. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2021; 46 (8): 1004- 1006. [DOI:10.1139/apnm-2020-1062] [PMID:33951404]
3. Aghayari A, Afroundeh R, Saeidi Azad P. The effect of 6 weeks aerobic training on balance and flexibility in elderly women in hamadan. Journal of Gerontology. 2016; 1 (2): 1- 9. [DOI:10.18869/acadpub.joge.1.2.1]
4. Soori R, Akbarnejad A, Naseri Mobarake E, Dokht Abdiyan R, Zeinali V. The effect of water exercises on physiological indices and bio-motor capabilities of sedentary elderly men. J Sport Biosci. 2015; 7 (1): 57- 76. [DOI:10.22059/jsb.2015.54276]
5. Weyh C, Krüger K, Strasser B. Physical activity and diet shape the immune system during aging. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (3): 622. [DOI:10.3390/nu12030622] [PMID:32121049] [PMCID:PMC7146449]
7. Distefano G, Goodpaster BH. Effects of exercise and aging on skeletal muscle. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med. 2018; 8 (3): a029785. [DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a029785] [PMID:28432116] [PMCID:PMC5830901]
8. Cromwell RL, Meyers PM, Meyers PE, Newton RA. Tae Kwon Do: an effective exercise for improving balance and walking ability in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007; 62 (6): 641- 6. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/62.6.641] [PMID:17595421]
9. Lazzer S, Boirie Y, Bitar A, Petit I, Meyer M, Vermorel M. Relationship between percentage of VO2max and type of physical activity in obese and non-obese adolescents. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2005; 45 (1): 13-9. [PMID:16208285]
10. Syamsudin F, Wungu CDK, Qurnianingsih E, Herawati L. High-intensity interval training for improving maximum aerobic capacity in women with sedentary lifestyle: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Phys Edu Sport. 2021; 21 (4): 1788- 97. [DOI:DOI:10.7752/jpes.2021.04226]
11. Bocalini DS, Serra AJ, Rica RL, Santos Ld. Repercussions of training and detraining by water-based exercise on functional fitness and quality of life: a short-term follow-up in healthy older women. Clinics. 2010; 65: 1305- 9. [DOI:10.1590/s1807-59322010001200013] [PMID:21340219] [PMCID:PMC3020341]
12. Lautenschlager NT, Almeida OP, Flicker L, Janca A. Can physical activity improve the mental health of older adults?. Ann General Hospital Psychiatry. 2004; 3 (1): 12. [PMID:15222888] [PMCID:PMC449721]
13. Kayo AH, Peccin MS, Sanches CM, Trevisani VF. Effectiveness of physical activity in reducing pain in patients with fibromyalgia: a blinded randomized clinical trial. Rheumatol Int. 2012; 32 (8): 2285- 92. [PMID:21594719]
14. Impellizzeri FM, Marcora S, Castagna C, Reilly T, Sassi A, Iaia F, et al. Physiological and performance effects of generic versus specific aerobic training in soccer players. Int J Sports Med. 2006; 27 (06): 483- 92. [DOI:10.1055/s-2005-865839] [PMID:16767613]
15. Shad R, Bizheh N, Fathi. The effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on insulin resistance, body composition and aerobic capacity of overweight female students. J Knowledge Health Basic Med Sci. 2017; 17 (2): 12- 24. [DOI:10.22100/jkh.v12i2.1670]
16. Tsai S-W, Lin Y-W, Wu S-K. The effect of cardiac rehabilitation on recovery of heart rate over one minute after exercise in patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Clin Rehabil. 2005; 19 (8): 843- 9. [DOI:10.1191/0269215505cr915oa] [PMID:16323383]
17. MacMillan JS, Davis LL, Durham CF, Matteson ES. Exercise and heart rate recovery. Heart Lung. 2006; 35 (6): 383- 90. [DOI:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2006.07.003] [PMID:17137939]
18. Almeida MB, Araújo CGS. Effects of aerobic training on heart rate. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2003;9: 113- 20. [DOI:10.1590/S1517-86922003000200006]
19. Serwe KM, Swartz AM, Hart TL, Strath SJ. Effectiveness of long and short bout walking on increasing physical activity in women. J Women's Health. 2011; 20 (2): 247- 53. [DOI:10.1089/jwh.2010.2019] [PMID:21314449] [PMCID:PMC3064872]
20. Fuchs FD, Whelton PK. High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension. 2020; 75 (2): 285- 92. [DOI:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14240] [PMID:31865786]
21. Shaphe A. Effect of aerobic exercises on blood pressure in mild and moderate hypertensive middle aged and older patients. Majmaah J Health Sci. 2013; 1 (1): 46- 52. [DOI:10.12816/0004770]
22. Zouhal H, Jacob C, Delamarche P, Gratas-Delamarche A. Catecholamines and the effects of exercise, training and gender. Sports Med. 2008; 38 (5): 401- 23. [PMID:18416594]
23. Hansen AH, Nyberg M, Bangsbo J, Saltin B, Hellsten Y. Exercise training alters the balance between vasoactive compounds in skeletal muscle of individuals with essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2011; 58 (5): 943- 9. [PMID:21896936]
24. Pedralli ML, Waclawovsky G, Camacho A, Markoski MM, Castro I, Lehnen AM. Study of endothelial function response to exercise training in hypertensive individuals (SEFRET): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016; 17: 84. [PMID:26873336] [PMCID:PMC4752791]
25. Cicek G. The effects of different exercise types on hematological parameters in sedentary women. J Education Training Stud. 2018; 6 (8): 96- 101. [DOI:10.11114/jets.v6i8.3374]
26. Sepriadi S, Jannah K, Eldawaty. The effect of jogging exercise to improve hemoglobin levels. J Physics. 2020; 3 (1481): 012028. [DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1481/1/012028]
27. Ramezanpour MR, Kazemi M. Effects of aerobic training along with iron supplementation on the hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematocrit, serum ferritin, transferrin and iron in young girls. Koomesh J. 2012; 13 (2): 233- 9. http://koomeshjournal.semums.ac.ir/article-1-1009-en.html
28. Gwozdzinski K, Pieniazek A, Brzeszczynska J, Tabaczar S, Jegier A. Alterations in red blood cells and plasma properties after acute single bout of exercise. Scientific World J. 2013; 2013: 168376. [DOI:10.1155/2013/168376] [PMID:24453803] [PMCID:PMC3881673]
_||_
