The Effects of Super-Dosing Copper Supplementation on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Breeder Quail Fed a Diet with Reduced Non-Phytate Phosphorus Level
محورهای موضوعی :N. Delfani 1 , A. Karimi 2 , A.A. Sadeghi 3 , A. Farzinpour 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 -
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
کلید واژه: breeder quails, egg quality traits, non-phytate phosphorus, productive performance, reproductive performance, super-dosing copper,
چکیده مقاله :
A total of 132 ten-week-old breeder quails were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment arranged in a com-pletely randomized design, consisting of 4 treatments and 6 replicates. Each replicate comprised either 4 females and 2 males (4 replicates) or 3 females and 2 males (2 replicates). The study was conducted over a 28-week period to evaluate the effects of dietary copper supplementation (0 or 250 mg/kg) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels (0.13% or 0.35%) on performance, reproductive performance, egg quality traits, and selected blood metabolites. The results of this study showed that adding 250 mg/kg of copper from copper sulfate improved body weight gain, egg production (P<0.01), egg mass (P<0.01), egg weight, feed conversion ratio, albumen and yolk ratios (P<0.05). The hatchability percentage of total set eggs and fertile eggs increased (P<0.01) with the dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg copper. Additionally, excess copper reduced (P<0.05) yolk cholesterol (P<0.01), serum cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein concentrations, while increasing serum high-density lipoprotein (P<0.05) and copper (P<0.01) concentrations. In conclu-sion, supplementing the diet of breeder quails with 250 mg/kg of copper enhanced productive and reproduc-tive performance without any interaction with the NPP level in the diet. Additionally, reducing the NPP to 0.13% did not have any negative impact on the production rate of breeder quails.
A total of 132 ten-week-old breeder quails were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment arranged in a com-pletely randomized design, consisting of 4 treatments and 6 replicates. Each replicate comprised either 4 females and 2 males (4 replicates) or 3 females and 2 males (2 replicates). The study was conducted over a 28-week period to evaluate the effects of dietary copper supplementation (0 or 250 mg/kg) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels (0.13% or 0.35%) on performance, reproductive performance, egg quality traits, and selected blood metabolites. The results of this study showed that adding 250 mg/kg of copper from copper sulfate improved body weight gain, egg production (P<0.01), egg mass (P<0.01), egg weight, feed conversion ratio, albumen and yolk ratios (P<0.05). The hatchability percentage of total set eggs and fertile eggs increased (P<0.01) with the dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg copper. Additionally, excess copper reduced (P<0.05) yolk cholesterol (P<0.01), serum cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein concentrations, while increasing serum high-density lipoprotein (P<0.05) and copper (P<0.01) concentrations. In conclu-sion, supplementing the diet of breeder quails with 250 mg/kg of copper enhanced productive and reproduc-tive performance without any interaction with the NPP level in the diet. Additionally, reducing the NPP to 0.13% did not have any negative impact on the production rate of breeder quails.
Abaza I.M., Ezzat W., Shoeib M.S., El-Zaiat A.A. and Hassan I.I. (2009). Effects of copper sulfate on productive, reproductive performance and blood constituents of laying Japanese quail fed optimal and sub-optimal protein. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 8(1), 80-89.
Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki R., Alfonso-Carrillo C. and Garcia-Ruiz A.I. (2024). Comparative impact of hydroxychloride and organic sources of manganese, zinc, and copper in rearing di-ets on pullet growth, tibia traits, egg production, and eggshell quality in Lohmann brown birds up to 50 weeks of age. Vet. Sci. 11(6), 245-255.
Ali R.A. (2018). Physiological and antioxidant responses of Japa-nese quail to dietary copper supplementation. J. Anim. Poult. Prod. 9(12), 489-495.
Almansour M.I. (2006). Biochemical effects of copper sulfate, after chronic treatment in quail. J. Biol. Sci. 6(6), 1077-1082.
Al-Ruwad S.H., Attia A.I., Monem U.M.A., Abdel-Maksoud A., Thagfan F.A., Alqahtani H.A. and Reda F.M. (2024). Dietary supplementation with copper nanoparticles enhances broiler performance by improving growth, immunity, digestive en-zymes, and gut microbiota. Poult. Sci. 103(10), 104026.
Amoah J.K., Martin E.A., Barroga A.J., Garillo E.P. and Domingo I. (2012). Calcium and phosphorus requirements of Japanese quail layers. J. Appl. Biosci. 54, 3892-3900.
Arias V.J. and Koutsos E.A. (2006). Effects of copper source and level on intestinal physiology and growth of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 85(6), 999-1007.
Attia Y.A., Abdalah A.A., Zeweil H.S., Bovera F., El-Din A.T. and Araft M.A. (2011). Effect of inorganic or organic copper additions on reproductive performance, lipid metabolism and morphology of organs of dual-purpose breeding hens. Arch. Geflugelkd. 3, 169-178.
Attia Y.A., Qota E.M., Zeweil H.S., Bovera F., Abd Al-Hamid A.E. and Sahledom M.D. (2012). Effect of different dietary concentrations of inorganic and organic copper on growth per-formance and lipid metabolism of White Pekin male ducks. Br. Poult. Sci. 53(1), 77-88.
Aviagen. (2022). Ross 308: Broiler Performance Objectives and Nutrition Specifications. Aviagen Ltd., Newbridge, UK.
Baghban Kanani P., Janmohammadi H., Tagizadeh A., Mahboob S.A. and Mirghelenj S. (2023). Effect of organic and nano copper supplementation on performance, egg quality, yolk cholesterol and blood parameters of laying hens. J. Anim. Sci. 33(1), 11-21.
Banks K.M., Thompson K.L., Rush J.K. and Applegate T.J. (2004a). Effects of copper source on phosphorus retention in broiler chicks and laying hens. Poult. Sci. 83(6), 990-996.
Banks K.M., Thompson K.L., Jaynes P. and Applegate T.J. (2004b). The effects of copper on the efficacy of phytase, growth, and phosphorus retention in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 83(8), 1335-1341.
Bello A., Dersjant-Li Y. and Korver D.R. (2020). Effects of die-tary calcium and available phosphorus levels and phytase sup-plementation on performance, bone mineral density, and se-rum biochemical bone markers in aged white egg-laying hens. Poult. Sci. 99(11), 5792-5801.
Berwanger E., Vieira S.L., Angel C.R., Kindlein L., Mayer A.N., Ebbing M.A. and Lopes M. (2018). Copper requirements of broiler breeder hens. Poult. Sci. 97(8), 2785-2797.
Chen J., Yan F., Kuttappan V.A., Wedekind K., Vázquez-Añón M. and Hancock D. (2023). Effects of bis-chelated copper in growth performance and gut health in broiler chickens subject to coccidiosis vaccination or coccidia challenge. Front. Physiol. 13, 991318-991327.
Chiang J.Y. and Ferrell J.M. (2020). Up to date on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis. Liver Res. 4(2), 47-63.
Chowdhury S.R., Chowdhury S.D. and Smith T.K. (2002). Effects of dietary garlic on cholesterol metabolism in laying hens. Poult. Sci. 81(12), 1856-1862.
Cobb 500. (2012). Cobb Broiler Performance and Nutrient Sup-plement Guide. Cobb-Vantress Inc., Siloam Springs, Arkan-sas.
Cufadar Y., Curabay B., Gökmen S.A., Bahtiyarca Y. and Sevim B. (2022). The effect of organic copper levels in breeding Jap-anese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) diets on perform-ance, egg quality, incubation parameters and blood parame-ters. J. Hellenic Vet. Med. Soc. 73(3), 4619-4626.
Deo C., Biswas A., Sharma D., Agashe J.L. and Tiwari A.K. (2023). Effects of various copper sources and concentrations on performance, skeletal growth, and mineral content of ex-creta in broiler chickens. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 201(12), 5786-5793.
Elibol O.K.A.N., Peak S.D. and Brake J. (2002). Effect of flock age, length of egg storage, and frequency of turning during storage on hatchability of broiler hatching eggs. Poult. Sci. 81(7), 945-950.
El-Kazaz S.E. and Hafez M.H. (2020). Evaluation of copper na-noparticles and copper sulfate effect on immune status, behav-ior, and productive performance of broilers. J. Adv. Vet. 7(1), 16-28.
Elnesr S.S., Mahmoud B.Y., da Silva Pires P.G., Moraes P., El-wan H.A., El-Shall N.A. and Alagawany M. (2024). Trace minerals in laying hen diets and their effects on egg quality. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 20, 1-16.
Feng C., Xie B., Wuren Q. and Gao M. (2020). Meta-analysis of the correlation between dietary copper supply and broiler per-formance. PloS One. 15(5), 3-14.
Folch J., Lees M. and Stanley G.S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tis-sues. J. Biol. Chem. 226(1), 497-509.
Goldenberg H. and Fernandez A. (1966). Simplified method for the estimation of inorganic phosphorus in body fluids. Clin. Chem. 12(12), 871-882.
Gou Z., Fan Q., Li L., Wang Y., Lin X., Cui X. and Jiang S. (2021). High dietary copper induces oxidative stress and leads to decreased egg quality and reproductive performance of Chinese Yellow broiler breeder hens. Poult. Sci. 100(3), 100779-100795.
Gül E.T., Olgun O., Kılınç G., Gökmen F., Yıldız A., Uygur V. and Sarmiento-García A. (2024). Effect of using hydroxychlo-ride as a copper source on performance, eggshell quality, tibia properties, mineral excretion, and antioxidant capacity of yolk in layer quails. J. Agric. Sci. 162(2), 150-157.
Haldar S., Dhara A.K., Sihi Arora S., Verma Mukherjee A. and Nayak A. (2023). Copper super-dosing improves performance of heat-stressed broiler chickens through modulation of ex-pression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. Vet. Med. Int. 2023(1), 3559234-3559245.
Hassan M.S. and Abdul-Careem M.F. (2020). Avian viruses that impact table egg production. Animals. 10(10), 1747-1756.
Hy-Line W-80 management guide, (2023). Available online: https://www.hyline.co.uk/uploadedfiles/1699276720-hy-line_w-80_english_for_uk_reduced_size.pdf.
Jegede A.V., Oso A.O., Fafiolu A.O., Sobayo R.A., Idowu O.M.O. and Oduguva O. (2015). Effects of dietary copper on performance, serum and egg yolk cholesterol and copper resi-dues in yolk of laying chickens. Slovak J. Anim. Sci. 48(1), 29-36.
Kim J.W., Kim J.H., Shin J.E. and Kil D.Y. (2016). Relative bioa-vailability of copper in tribasic copper chloride to copper in copper sulfate for laying hens based on egg yolk and feather copper concentrations. Poult Sci. 95(7), 1591-1597.
Kimiaeitalab M.V., Ghazi S. and Mirzaie Goudarzi S. (2013). The Effect of different levels of copper and cichorium intybus on egg yolk cholesterol content and performance of laying hens. Anim. Prod. 15(1), 11-20.
Konjufca V.H., Pesti G.M. and Bakalli R.I. (1997). Modulation of cholesterol levels in broiler meat by dietary garlic and copper. Poult. Sci. 76(9), 1264-1271.
Li X.K., Wang J.Z., Wang C.Q., Zhang C.H., Li X., Tang C.H. and Wei X.L. (2016). Effect of dietary phosphorus levels on meat quality and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Food Chem. 205, 289-296.
McDowell L.R. (1992). Minerals in animal and human nutrition. Academic Press,
Mondal M.K., Das T.K., Biswas P., Samanta C.C. and Bairagi B. (2007). Influence of dietary inorganic and organic copper salt and level of soybean oil on plasma lipids, metabolites and mineral balance of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 139(3-4), 212-233.
Moradi S., Shivazad M., Shahneh A.Z. and Mirhadi S.A. (2011). Dietary factors affecting egg cholesterol content in laying hens. Iranian J. Anim. Sci. 42(1), 21-27.
Nguyen H.T.T., Morgan N., Roberts J.R., Swick R.A. and Toghy-ani M. (2020). Copper hydroxychloride is more efficacious than copper sulfate in improving broiler chicken's growth per-formance, both at nutritional and growth-promoting levels. Poult. Sci. 99(12), 6964-6973.
Noori A.S., Jameel Z., Saki A.A., Zamani P. and Goudarzi S.M. (2023). Egg yolk cholesterol, egg quality, and performance in response to copper–methionine chelates and alfalfa powder supplementation in Nick chick laying hen diets. J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric. 48(3), 182-193.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. Na-tional Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
Pang Y. and Applegate T.J. (2006). Effects of copper source and concentration on in vitro phytate phosphorus hydrolysis by phytase. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54(5), 1792-1796.
Pang Y., Patterson J.A. and Applegate T.J. (2009). The influence of copper concentration and source on ileal microbiota. Poult. Sci. 88(3), 586-592.
Payvastegan S., Farhoomand P., Daneshyar M. and Ghaffari M. (2017). Evaluation of different levels of canola meal on per-formance, organ weights, hepatic deiodinase gene expression and thyroid morphology in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. J. 54(4), 282-291.
Pekel A.Y. and Alp M. (2011). Effects of different dietary copper sources on laying hen performance and egg yolk cholesterol. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 20(4), 506-513.
Pesti G.M. and Bakalli R.I. (1996). Studies on the feeding of cu-pric sulfate pentahydrate and cupric citrate to broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 75(9), 1086-1091.
Puertas G. and Vázquez M. (2019). Advances in techniques for reducing cholesterol in egg yolk: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 59(14), 2276-2286.
Ren P., Chen J., Hancock D. and Vazquez-Añón M. (2021). Inter-active effects of copper sources and a high level of phytase in phosphorus-deficient diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, tissue mineral concentrations, and plasma pa-rameters in nursery pigs. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 199(12), 4582-4592.
Sharif M., Rahman M.A.U., Ahmed B., Abbas R.Z. and Hassan F.U. (2021). Copper nanoparticles as growth promoter, anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial agents in poultry nutrition: prospects and future implications. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 199(10), 3825-3836.
Shastak Y. and Pelletier W. (2024). A cross-species perspective: β-carotene supplementation effects in poultry, swine, and cat-tle–a review. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 52(1), 11-23.
Shi H., Wang J. and Kim W.K. (2024). Interactive effects of cal-cium, phosphorus, and exogenous phytase on growth perform-ance and bone ash in broilers under Eimeria or necrotic enteri-tis infections: A systemic review and meta-analysis. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 11, 100422-100433.
Tavakkoli H., Salandari S. and Mosallanejad S.S. (2015). The effect of copper sulfate on chicken embryo during the incuba-tion period. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res. 3(1), 1-6.
Yausheva E.V. (2021). Increasing efficiency in the poultry meat production when using iron and copper nanoparticles in nutri-tion. IOP Conf. Ser. Environ. Earth Sci. 624(1), 1-12.
Zak B. (1977). Cholesterol methodologies: a review. Clin. Chem. 23(7), 1201-1214.
Zhou Q., Zhu J., Liu B., Qiu J., Lu X., Curtin B. and Yu D. (2021). Effects of high-dose of copper amino acid complex on laying performance, hematological and biochemical parame-ters, organ index, and histopathology in laying hens. Bi-ol. Trace Elem. Res. 199, 3045-3052.
