China's political-economic Relations with Iran and its Influence on Iran's Oil Production and Export from Ahmadinejad's period to the end of Rouhani's Presidency
محورهای موضوعی :
Jamshid Rezaei Mirghaed
1
,
Rohollah Shahabi
2
,
Fereydoon Akbarzadeh
3
1 - Department of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 - Department of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
3 - Department of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
کلید واژه: Strategy, Sanctions, Partnership, Energy security, foreign policy, Interdepend- ence,
چکیده مقاله :
The expansion of economic relations in the shadow of diplomatic relations is considered one of the most important approaches to the development of political systems. This issue is especially important for developing countries so that they can implement an important part of their development-oriented policies by insisting on expanding economic relations with international economic powers. The important issue is that the Islamic Republic of Iran has faced deep challenges in achieving its economic development goals, many times, due to the sanctions policies of the United States. This problem becomes more realistic when the economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is basically uniaxial and based on oil exports. Today, investment is called as the engine of economic growth and since investment leads to the creation of employment, economic growth, social welfare and income for the country and has a significant impact on components such as bargaining, international prestige and dealing with threats. Therefore, Iran's acceptance of China's investment as a superpower in the economic market and its oil strategies, in addition to securing the interests of both countries, will include the realization of the vision of the oil industry and the breaking of American sanctions against Iran. ; Therefore, from the point of view of Iranian politicians, the policy of looking to the East and attracting foreign investment and specifically strengthening political and economic relations with China is a correct strategic policy, which in addition to breaking the sanctions, can lead to internationalization and extensive interaction with the world, especially the countries The Eastern Bloc fought against it with the aim of preventing the United States from building a consensus in the international system and accompanying other international powers.
The expansion of economic relations in the shadow of diplomatic relations is considered one of the most important approaches to the development of political systems. This issue is especially important for developing countries so that they can implement an important part of their development-oriented policies by insisting on expanding economic relations with international economic powers. The important issue is that the Islamic Republic of Iran has faced deep challenges in achieving its economic development goals, many times, due to the sanctions policies of the United States. This problem becomes more realistic when the economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is basically uniaxial and based on oil exports. Today, investment is called as the engine of economic growth and since investment leads to the creation of employment, economic growth, social welfare and income for the country and has a significant impact on components such as bargaining, international prestige and dealing with threats. Therefore, Iran's acceptance of China's investment as a superpower in the economic market and its oil strategies, in addition to securing the interests of both countries, will include the realization of the vision of the oil industry and the breaking of American sanctions against Iran. ; Therefore, from the point of view of Iranian politicians, the policy of looking to the East and attracting foreign investment and specifically strengthening political and economic relations with China is a correct strategic policy, which in addition to breaking the sanctions, can lead to internationalization and extensive interaction with the world, especially the countries The Eastern Bloc fought against it with the aim of preventing the United States from building a consensus in the international system and accompanying other international powers.
Alavipoor, F., Kashian, A. (2022). The Impact
of the Economic Components of the
Soft Power of the Islamic Republic of
Iran on the Development of Trade Re-
lations with China. Soft power Stud-
ies, 12(1), 1-24.
Azad, S. (2022). East Asia and Iran Sanc-
tions: Assistance, Abandonment, and
Everything in Between. London: Pal-
grave Macmillan.
Bakhshiani, R., Abbasi, M., Rahimi Nejad, M.
(2022). Economic and Political Vari-
ables Governing the Strategic Rela-
tions between Iran and China. Inter-
national Political Economy Studies,
4(2), 423-462.
Belal, K. (2020). China-Iran Relations: Pro-
spects and Complexities. Journal of
Policy Perspectives, 6(2), 193-209.
Bower, T. (2010). Oil: Money, Politics, and
Power in the 21st Century. New York:
Grand Central Publishing.
Brew, G. (2022). Petroleum and Progress in
Iran: Oil, Development, and the Cold
War. London: Cambridge University
Press.
Celik, Y. (2022). An Overview of China-Iran
Relations and its Impact on Central
Asia. Journal of Asia Studies, 6(1),
368-383
Corneliussen, A. (2022). 25-Year China - Iran
Strategic Agreement charts China –
Iran Economic Corridor: Architec-
ture & Implications. London: Middle
East Associations Academy.
Curtis, J. (2022). China and the US in the Mid-
dle East: Iran and the Arab Gulf.
Washington: House of Common Li-
brary.
Dalberg, H. (2019). China's Energy Revolu-
tion in the Context of the Global En-
ergy Transition. London: Routledge.
Detomasi, D. (2022). Profits and Power: Nav-
igating the Politics and Geopolitics of
Oil. Toronto: University of Toronto
Press
Englund, J. (2020). China and Iran – an une-
qual friendship. London: Center of
Middle East Research.
Fan, H. (2022). China–Iran Relations from the
Perspective of Tehran’s Look East
Approach. Journal of Asian Affairs,
53(1), 502-520.
Feng, H. (2019). How China Sees the World:
Insights from China’s International
Relations Scholars. London: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Fischer, (2021). Lifting of International Sanc-
tions and the Shadow Economy in
Iran—A View from Outer Space.
Journal of Remote Sensing. (13), 15-
32.
Fulton, J. (2020). China between Iran and the
Gulf Monarchies. Journal of Middle
East Policy, 28(4), 203-216.
Garlick, J., Havlova, R. (2020). China’s “Belt
and Road” Economic Diplomacy in
the Persian Gulf: Strategic Hedging
amidst Saudi–Iranian Regional Ri-
valry. Journal of Current Chinese Af-
fairs, 49(1), pp. 82-105.
Gheriyagh-Zandi, D. (2022). The Challenges
of Iran-China 25-year Comprehensive
Cooperation Plan, with an Emphasis
on the Alliance Security Dilemma.
Political Quarterly, 52(1), 133-152.
Harold, S. (2020). China and Iran; Economic,
Political, and Military Relations. In-
ternational Journal of Middle East
Studies, 12(6), 361-388.
Hindiani, A., Afshari Aqdam, E. (2020). Bi-
lateral cooperation between Iran and
China and the expansion of economic
pragmatism between them. Quarterly
Journal of Political Research in Is-
lamic World, 10(1), 79-97.
Jansiz, A., Pirmohammadi, S. (2020). Analy-
sis of the possibility or refusal of a
comprehensive strategic partnership
in Iran-China relations. World Poli-
tics, 8(4), 93-120.
Kirkham, K. (2022). The Political Economy of
Sanctions: Resilience and Transfor-
mation in Russia and Iran. London:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Mahbubani, K. (2022). Has China Won? The
Chinese Challenge to American Pri-
macy. New York: PublicAffairs.
Mark, L. (2020). IRAN - The Imperative to Re-
impose UN Sanctions. NewYork:
Springer.
Nabipour, P. (2021). Iran and China: Political
and Economic Aspects of the Strate-
gic Relationship, Political Journal,
18(4), 28-40.
Noori, A. (2022). The Nature of Russian and
Chinese Revisionism; Iran’s Policy
and Interests. Central Eurasia Stud-
ies, 14(2), 371-396.
Painter, D. (2022). The Struggle for Iran: Oil,
Autocracy, and the Cold War, 1951–
1954. Chapel Hill: The University of
North Carolina Press.
Russell, M. (2022). Western sanctions and
Russia, Geneva: European Parliamen-
tary Research Service
Sadeghi, S. (2019). Analysis; Opinions about
Iran-China cooperation agreement
and the requirements of public opin-
ion management. National Security,
(101), 25-39.
Seliktar, O. (2020). The Iran-China 25-Year
Plan: A Preliminary Assessment.
NewYork: The Center for Strategic
Studies.
Sennan, M. (2020). The Sanction: An explo-
sive, twisting espionage thriller.
NewYork: Canelo Action.
Shafiee, N. (2022). Analysis of the 25-year
Iran-China agreement in the light of
China's foreign policy developments.
International Political Economy
Studies, 5(2), 1-26.
Shariatinia, M. (2020). The New Iran-China-
US Triangle. Political and Interna-
tional Approaches, 11(3), 95-114.
Stanzel, A. (2022). China’s Path to Geopoli-
tics: Case Study on China’s Iran Pol-
icy at the Intersection of Regional In-
terests and Global Power Rivalry.
NewYork: Institute for International
and Security Affairs.
Tabatabai, A. (2021). Triple-Axis: Iran's Re-
lations with Russia and China. Lon-
don: I.B. Tauris.
Wend, C. (2022). Sanction Dynamics in the
Cases of North Korea, Iran, and Rus-
sia: Objectives, Measures and Effects.
NewYork: Springer.
Zamani, O., Farzanegan, M., Loy, P., Einian,
M. (2021). The Impacts of Energy
Sanctions on the Black-Market Pre-
mium: Evidence from Iran. Journal of
Economic, (41), 432-443.
