Pharmacognostic standardization and hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Lecanoidiscus cupanoides Planch (ex. Benth) in CCL4 induced liver damage in Swiss Albino mice
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان دارویی
Ebere Ezeonyi
1
,
Erhirhie Earnest
2
,
Felix Onyegbule
3
1 - Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicinal, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus.
2 - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam, Nigeria;
3 - Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University;
کلید واژه: Lecanoidiscus cupanoides, standardization, hepatoprotective, aqueous extract,
چکیده مقاله :
Background & Aim: Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch (ex Benth) is a small, resilient shrub and a tropical plant effective in treating burns, fevers, liver disease, inflammatory conditions, among others. This study was carried out to establish the quality standards according to WHO recommendations and also investigate the hepatoprotective potential of the aqueous leaf extract of Lecanoidiscus cupanoides. Experimental: Swiss albino mice were used in this study to test the hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and to determine the pharmacognostic characteristics of the leaf of the aforementioned plant. Results: According to the physicochemical analysis, the moisture content was 10.5± 0.13, the total ash was 5.00 ± 0.25, the acid insoluble ash was 0.75 ± 0.03, the alcohol soluble extractive was 17.25 ± 0.76, and the water extractive value was 14.25 ± 0.50. The macroscopic examination of the fresh leaves indicated that when dried, the leaves were meaty and leathery. Microscopically, prism-shaped calcium oxalate crystals, starch grains, lignified tissues, wavy epidermal cells, trichomes, xylem, parenchyma cells, anomocytic stomata, and palisade tissue were found. The presence of oxalate crystals, starch grains, lignified tissues, tannins, cellulose, protein, and oil was revealed in chemomicroscopic analysis. Pretreatment with aqueous extract of Lecanoidiscus cupanoides at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) protected against CCL4 induced liver toxicity just like the reference standard (silymarin). Recommended applications/industries: This study validates the ethnomedicinal claim of Lecanoidiscus cupanoides against liver disorder. We recommend that well standardized aqueous formulation would be beneficial for the populace as preventive remedy against liver disease.
Background & Aim: Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch (ex Benth) is a small, resilient shrub and a tropical plant effective in treating burns, fevers, liver disease, inflammatory conditions, among others. This study was carried out to establish the quality standards according to WHO recommendations and also investigate the hepatoprotective potential of the aqueous leaf extract of Lecanoidiscus cupanoides. Experimental: Swiss albino mice were used in this study to test the hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and to determine the pharmacognostic characteristics of the leaf of the aforementioned plant. Results: According to the physicochemical analysis, the moisture content was 10.5± 0.13, the total ash was 5.00 ± 0.25, the acid insoluble ash was 0.75 ± 0.03, the alcohol soluble extractive was 17.25 ± 0.76, and the water extractive value was 14.25 ± 0.50. The macroscopic examination of the fresh leaves indicated that when dried, the leaves were meaty and leathery. Microscopically, prism-shaped calcium oxalate crystals, starch grains, lignified tissues, wavy epidermal cells, trichomes, xylem, parenchyma cells, anomocytic stomata, and palisade tissue were found. The presence of oxalate crystals, starch grains, lignified tissues, tannins, cellulose, protein, and oil was revealed in chemomicroscopic analysis. Pretreatment with aqueous extract of Lecanoidiscus cupanoides at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) protected against CCL4 induced liver toxicity just like the reference standard (silymarin). Recommended applications/industries: This study validates the ethnomedicinal claim of Lecanoidiscus cupanoides against liver disorder. We recommend that well standardized aqueous formulation would be beneficial for the populace as preventive remedy against liver disease.
Ahlem, R., Souad, I.B., Beatrice, B., Valerie, M.L., Fathi, M., Evelyne, O., Jamila, K.C. and Malika, T.A. 2015. Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid, Tannin Content, and Antioxidant Capacity of Halimium halimifolium (Cistaceae), Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5 (1): 52-57.
Colville, J. 2002. Blood chemistry. In: Hendrix CM, editor. Laboratory procedures for veterinary technicians. 4th Ed. St. Louis (MO): Mosby; pp. 75–103.
Deepa, M. and Renuka, D. 2014. Potent anti-inflammatory medical plant-a review, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(4): 43-49.
Erhirhie, E.O., Ilodigwe, E.E., Ajaghaku, D.L., Umeokoli, B.O., Eze, P.M. and Okoye, F.B.C. 2020. Antioxidant activities of the leaf extract and fractions of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott could be attributed to the abundance of polyphenol compounds. Biology, Medicine and Natural Product Chemistry, 9(1):1-6.
Evans, W.C. 2002. Trease and evans. Pharmacognosy, 9th Ed. Saunders Elsevier Publisher, pp.553.
Evans, W.C. 2009. Trease and Evans' pharmacognosy. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Ezeonyi, E.I., Okonkwo, O.B., Ezelota, J.C., OnyekaI, P., Oranu, E.C. and Ibe, C.I. 2022. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of methanol crude extract and fractions of the leaves of Dacryodes klaineana (Pierre) H.J.LAM (Burseraceae). World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 11(4): 209-222.
Ezeonyi, E.I., Erhirhie, E.O. and Onyegbule, F.A. 2024. Toxicity study and ameliorative effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Lecanoidiscus cupanioides Planch (ex. Benth) on the stress-induced ulcer. International Journal of Plant Based Pharmaceuticals, 4(1): 47-55.
Habibur, R., Manjula, K., Anoosha, T., Nagaveni, K., Chinna, M.E. and Dipankar, B. 2013. In-vitro antioxidant activity of Citrulus lanatus seed extracts, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 6 (3): 152-157.
Harborne, A.J. 1998. Phytochemical methods a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. springer science & business media.
Hussain, F., Malik, A., Ayyaz, U., Shafique, H., Rana, Z. and Hussain, Z. 2017. Efficient hepatoprotective activity of cranberry extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rat model: Down-regulation of liver enzymes and strong antioxidant activity. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 10(11): 1054–1058.
Hustead, T.R., Ali, S.M. and Pantsari, M.W. 2017. Mildly Elevated Liver Transaminase Levels: Causes and Evaluation. American Family Physician Dec 01; 96(11): 709-715.
Johansen, D.A. 1950. Plant Microtechnique. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 230.
Kim, D., Chun, O., Kim, Y., Moon, H. and Lee, C. 2003. Quantification of polyphenolics and their antioxidant capacity in fresh plums. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51: 6509–6515.
Kim, J., Chung, H.K. and Chae, C. 2003. Association of porcine circovirus 2 with porcine respiratory disease complex. The Veterinary Journal, 166(3): 251-256.
Li, J., Wuliji, O., Li, W., Jiang, Z.G. and Ghanbari, H.A. 2016. Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders. International Journal of Molecular Science, 14: 24438–24475.
Mukherjee, P.K. 2002. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs. 1st Ed, Business horizon publications pp. 186.
Nwafor, F.I., Nwosu, M.O. and Nwafor, A.Z. 2019. Taxonomic and Ecological Significance of Foliar Epidermal Characters in Four Taxa of Mussaenda L. (Rubiaceae) in Nigeria. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 32(5): 1-12.
Nwosu, M.O. 2006. Preparation of Botanical Slides. In: Inyang, N.M., Nwosu, M.O. and Ivoke, N. (eds). Manual of Laboratory Techniques in Biology. University of Nigeria Press Ltd Nsukka, Nigeria, pp. 131-163.
Oloyede, A.M., Ottu, B., Ogunsanwo, A., Sobiye, S., Bolarinwa, K., Aromolaran, C. 2020. Subchronic Toxicity of the Ethanolic Extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides on Albino Wister Mice (Mus musculus). Herbal Medicine Journal, 5(4):145-52.
Sofowora, A. and Odebiyi, O. 2006. Phytochemical screening. Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa”. Second Edition, Spectrum Books Limited Ibadan, Nigeria, 150-153.
Taofeek, O.A., Abdulwasiu, O.A., Amadu, K.S., Oluwayemisi, B.O., Nurudeen, S.A. and Saheed, S. 2014. Sunmonue.Phenolic extract of Parkia biglobosa fruit pulp stalls aflatoxin B1 – mediated oxidative rout in the liver of male rats. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 24: 668-676.
Thompson, M., Jaiswal, Y., Wang, I. and Williams, L. 2017. Hepatotoxicity: Treatment, causes and applications of medicinal plants as therapeutic agents. Journal of Phytopharmacology, 6(2): 186-193.
Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C. 2002. Pharmacognosy. 15th Ed. Saunders Publishers. London.
Venkateswarlu, G. and Ganapathy, S. 2018. Preliminary pharmacognostic and phytochemical study on Argyreia cymosa root. Journal of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(7): 494–498.
Wazis, C.H., Anuka, J.A., Timothy, S.Y., Zezi, A.U., Mohammed, G.T. and Hussaini, I.M. 2012. Acute toxicity and in-vivo effects of leaf extracts of Byrsocarpus coccineus Shum and Thonn in pregnant rat uterus. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2(12):130-136.
World Health Organization Quality Control Methods for Herbal Materials WHO Press, Geneva 2011.
Yemitan, O.K. and Adeyemi, O.O. 2005. CNS depressant activity of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides. Fitoterapia, 76(5): 412-418.
Yesufu, H.B., Bassi, P.U., Khaz, I.Z., Abdulrahaman, F.I. and Mohammed, G.T. 2010. Phytochemical screening and hepatoprotective properties of aqueous root bark extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius (smith) Bruce (African peach). Archives of Clinical Microbiology, 1(2):1–5
Zou, S., Wang, Y., Zhou, Q., Lu, Y., Zhang, Y. and Zhang, J. 2019. Protective effect of kinsenoside on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Revista Brasileirade Farmacognosia, 29(5): 637–643.
