سنجش و تحلیل اثرات رشد گردشگری بر توسعه فضایی شهر یاسوج

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

صادق بشارتی فر ¹ (استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری واحد ماهشهر،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،ماهشهر،ایران)
مصطفی میرآبادی ² (دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/10/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/05/22 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/02/01

کلید واژه: گردشگری, توسعه فضایی, شهر یاسوج, اثرات,

چکیده مقاله :

صنعت گردشگری ضمن بهره‌وری اقتصادی، می‌بایست منجر به شکوفایی و بستری جهت نیل به توسعه پایدار در ابعاد مختلف فضایی گردد. در شهر یاسوج، رشد گردشگری علاوه بر پیامدهای مثبت، چالش های جدی را فراروی توسعه فضایی شهر ایجاد نموده است. لذا این تحقیق با روش توصیفی– تحلیلی و با بهره‌گیری از اطلاعات اسنادی و میدانی، در پی اهدافی همچون بررسی روند گردشگران وارد شده (طی سال‌های 1395-1380) به شهر یاسوج و سپس سنجش اثرات رشد گردشگری بر توسعه فضایی این شهر است. لذا به‌وسیله آزمون رگرسیون، با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS، روند جذب گردشگران و همچنین گسترش فیزیکی شهر یاسوج سنجش شده‌اند. از آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نیز جهت سنجش ارتباط رشد گردشگران با شاخص‌های مختلف توسعه فیزیکی شهر استفاده شده‌است. در ادامه با استفاده از آزمون T.Test پیامدهای رشد گردشگری بر ابعاد مختلف اقتصادی، اجتماعی، کالبدی و زیست‌محیطی سنجش شده‌اند. نتایج مشخص ساختند رشد گردشگری در شهر یاسوج با رشد 309 برابری گردشگران وارد شده نسبت سال 1380، روند افزایشی قابل توجهی داشته‌است. همچنین گردشگری بر افزایش احداث مجتمع‌های تجاری، افزایش احداث مراکز اقامتی و گسترش فیزیکی شهر یاسوج اثر‌گذار بوده‌است. به طوریکه مساحت مجموع کاربری های وابسته به گردشگری در سال 1390،رشدی بیش از 25/1 برابری نسبت به سال 1380 داشته است. از دیگر سو نهادینه نشدن صنعت گردشگری اثر سازنده‌ای بر توسعه اقتصادی در این شهر نداشته‌است. بطوریکه نتایج آزمون T.Test، مشخص ساخت رشد گردشگری بصورت معنی داری در ابعاد اجتماعی، از طرفی موجب رشد نسبی مهاجر‌پذیری و رشد جمعیت شهر، بروز تعارضات اجتماعی و فرهنگی بین گردشگران و جامعه میزبان شده و از سوی دیگر به بهبود وضعیت آموزش عمومی و حس تعلق شهروندان به شهر کمک شایانی نموده‌است. همچنین اثرات رشد گردشگری در بیشتر مولفه‌های زیست‌محیطی مانند افزایش پسماندها، تراکم و ترافیک و صدمه به چشم‌اندازها و گونه‌های زیستی، نامطلوب و مخرب ارزیابی شده‌اند. درمجموع پیامدهای منفی رشد گردشگری در شهر یاسوج بیشتر از پیامدهای مثبت آن بوده‌است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The Tourism industry in addition to economic efficiency has to cause an inflorescence and a foundation to the sustainable development in different spatial dimensions. In Yasuj city, the growth of tourism, in addition to positive consequences, has created serious challenges for the spatial development of the city. Therefore this study using descriptive-analytical and utilizing field and documentary data, seeks objectives such as study the process of tourists entering (during the years 2001-2016) to the city of Yasuj and then measuring the effects of tourism growth on the spatial development of this city. Therefore, by regression test, using SPSS software, the process of attracting tourists and physical expansion of Yasuj city were measured. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient test is used to measure the relation between the tourism Growth with various indices of physical development of the Yasouj city. Then, using T.test test, the consequences of tourism growth on various economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions have been measured. The results showed that the growth of tourism in the city of Yasuj with a 309 times increase in the number of tourists compared to 2001, has had a significant upward trend. Also the tourism has affected the construction of commercial and accommodation land use and the physical expansion of the Yasouj. So that the total area of tourism-related land uses in 2011, has grown more than 1.25 times compared to 2001. On the other hand, the tourism industry has not have a favorable effect on the economic development of the city. As the results of T.test test showed the tourism growth in the social dimensions has caused a relative increase in the growth of immigration, population, occurrence of social and cultural conflicts and on the other hand has helped the public education and the sense of belonging of the citizens. Also, the effects of the tourism growth in the most environmental components are evaluated unfavorable and destructive. Totally, the negative consequences of the tourism growth of the city of Yasouj have been more than positive ones.

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