بررسی واکنش ارقام و لاین‌های پیشرفته گندم نسبت به بیماری‌های برگی مهم در استان گلستان

محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

مارال کلته ¹ (دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد دامغان، دامغان، ایران.)
محمد علی آقاجانی ² (استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، گرگان.)
محمدعلی دهقان ³ (مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه ی نهال و بذر مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، گرگان)

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/06/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/06/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/03/01

کلید واژه: سفیدک پودری, واکنش ارقام, گندم, زنگ قهوه‌ای, لکه خرمایی,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی واکنش 23 رقم و لاین پیشرفته گندم در برابر بیماری­های برگی سفیدک پودری، زنگ قهوه­ای و لکه خرمایی در استان گلستان، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 89-1388 انجام گردید. آلودگی در مزرعه به صورت طبیعی از طریق کشت ارقام حساس در میان تیمار­ها ایجاد شد. معیار­های ارزیابی حساسیت یا مقاومت ارقام نسبت به بیماری­های مختلف شامل مقدار بیماری­ها (به صورت درصد بوته­های بیمار، شدت متوسط، سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری (AUDPC) و مقدار استاندارد شده­ی AUDPC، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه کرت بود. تجزیه­ی واریانس داده­ها نشان داد که بر اساس تمام متغیر­های ثبت شده، اختلاف معنی­داری (01/0 ≥P) بین ارقام و لاین­های مورد آزمایش وجود دارد. مقایسه­ی میانگین (LSD) داده­ها نشان داد که بیش­ترین و کمترین شدت سفیدک پودری به ترتیب درلاین دیم 17 (74/72 درصد) ورقم گاسپارد (صفر) مشاهده شد. بیش­ترین و کمترین شدت زنگ قهوه­ای به ترتیب در ارقام بولانی و موروکو (11/11 درصد) و گاسپارد (12/0 درصد) مشاهده شد. بیش­ترین و کمترین شدت لکه خرمایی به ترتیب در ارقام مروارید (56/94 درصد) و موروکو (صفر) مشاهده شد. در مجموع، بالاترین عملکرد دانه کرت درلاین دیم11)97/4340 گرم) و مروارید (19/4013 گرم) و کمترین در ارقام بولانی (03/184 گرم) و موروکو (250 گرم) ثبت گردید. بیش­ترین و کمترین وزن هزار دانه نیز به ترتیب در ارقام شیرودی (33/36 گرم) و موروکو (53/13 گرم) مشاهده شد.
 

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to study the reaction of 23 different advanced wheat cultivars and lines against major foliar diseases in Golestan province, including powdery mildew, brown rust and tan spot, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during winter of 2009. Infection was created naturally in the field by planting susceptible rows between the treatments. Evaluation of the treatments was done based on the intensity of different diseases (disease incidence, disease severity, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and standardized AUDPC, total seed weight and thousand kernel weight (TKW). Analysis of variance showed that treatments were statistically different ( P≤0.01) based on all recorded data. Results of multiple range test (LSD) showed that the highest and lowest severity of powdery mildew were observed in line 17 (72.74%) and Gaspard (0%), respectively. The highest and lowest severity of brown rust was observed in Bolani and Morocco (11.11%) and Gaspard (0.12%), respectively. The highest and lowest severity of tan spot disease was recorded in Morvarid (94.56%) and Morocco (0%), respectively. The highest grain yields were recorded in line 11 (4340.97g) and Morvarid (4013.19g), and lowest grain yields recorded in Bolani (184.03g) and Morocco (250g). The highest and lowest TKW were observed in Cultivars Shiroudi (36.33g) and Morocco (13.53g), respectively

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