چکیده مقاله :
پنبه، یکی از گیاهان صنعتی مهم کشور است و بخش زیادی از روغن و الیاف مورد نیاز را تامین می کند.در این مطالعه، ابتدا روند تغییرات بهره وری کل نهاده ها برای 12 استان که سهمی عمده در تولید پنبه دارند، در دوره ی زمانی 1378 تا1386 محاسبه شده و به اجزای آن تفکیک و نقش هر جزء در تغییرات بهره وری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور، کودهای شیمیایی، بذر، نیروی کار، زمین و سموم دفع آفات به عنوان نهاده و میزان کل تولید پنبه ی وش به عنوان ستاده در نظر گرفته شده است. سپس آزمون همگرایی روی شاخص بهره وری بدست آمده، انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان می دهد که در دوره ی مورد مطالعه، رشد بهره وری برای کل کشور منفی و در حدود 008/0- درصد بوده است و نوسان های رشد بهره وری بیش تر به تغییرات فناوری مربوط می شود، بنابراین با سرمایه گذاری و انتقال فناوری به بخش کشاورزی، می توان بهره وری را بهبود بخشید. در رابطه با همگرایی رشد بهره وری، هر چند در کل دوره ی مورد مطالعه، همگرایی رشد بهره وری تایید نشده، ولی از سال زراعی82-1381 به بعد، همگرایی وجود داشته است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Productivity improvement plays an important role in growth of agricultural production throught the world. Cotton is one of the important industrial crops in Iran. In this study, total factor productivity (TFP) changes for period of 1378 -1386 in 12 provinces of Iran were determined. They had significant share in cotton production compare to other factors.. In this study chemical fertilizer, seed, labor and pesticides were considered inputs and total production of cotton output. Convergence tests of and were done on productivity index. Results showed that productivity had negative growth of -0.008% in Iran during study period and vibrations of productivity growth was mainly due to technical changes. Based on findings of the study, increase in investment for technology improvement in agricultural sector was recommended.
منابع و مأخذ:
1- Akbari N. and Rangkesh M.(2003)”A survey on total factor productivity
growth in Agricultural sector of Iran”, agricultural economics and development
journal, year15, numbers 32 and 33.
2- Bjurek, H. (1996), “The Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index,
Scandinavian Journal of Economics 98:2, 303-13.
3- Boussofiane, A., Dyson, R.G., and Thanassoulis, E. (1991). “Applied Data
Envelopment Analysis”. European Journal of Operational Research, vol 52, 1-
15.
4- Caves, D.W., L.R. Christensen and W.E. Diwert (1982), “The Economic
Theory of
5- Index Numbers and the Measurement of Input, Output and Productivity”.
Econometrica 50, 1393-1414.
6- Barro, R.J and Sala-i-Martin, X. (1992), convergence, Journal of Political
Economy, 100(2), 223-251.
7- Bernard, A. and Durlaf. S. (1995), convergence in international output.
Journal of Applied Econometrics, 10, 97-108.
8- Caves, Douglas W., Laurits R. Christensen, and W. Erwin Diewert.( 1982).
“The Economic Theory of Index Numbers and the Measurement of Input,
Output, and Productivity.” Econometrica 50, No. 6, November: 1393-1414.
9- Charnes, A. Cooper W. and Rodes E.(1978),.Measuring the Efficiency of
Decision Making Units. Eur. J. Opnl. Res. 429-444.
10- Chatterji, M. (1992). Convergence clubs and endogenous growth. Oxford
Review of Economic Policy, 8(4), 57-69.
11- Chatterji, M. and Dewhurst, J.H. (1996). Convergence clubs and relative
economic performance in Great Britain: 1977-1991. Regional Studies, 30, 31-
40.
12- Coelli, T. J. and Rao, D.S.P. (2003),productivity growth in agriculture: a
Malmquist index analysis of 193 countries. Centre for Efficiency
andProductivity Analysis. School of Economics. University of Queensland. St
Lucia. Australia. Working paper 02/2003. 30 pages
13- Diewert, W. E. (2000), “Alternative Approaches to Measuring Productivity
and Efficiency.”Paper prepared for the North American Productivity Workshop
at Union College, Schenectady,New York, June 15-17, 2000.
Emami mebodi. A.(2000)” Principle of productivity and efficiency
measurement” Commercials research institution. Iran. Tehran.275 pages.
14- Farrell M. J (1957),The Measurement of Productive Efficiency ,Journal of
the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), Vol. 120, No. 3, (1957), pp.
253-290
15- Färe, R., and S. Grosskopf (1992), Malmquist Productivity Indexes and
Fisher Ideas Indexes, The Economic Journal 102, 158-160
16- Färe, R., S. Grosskopf, M. Norris, and Z. Zhang (1994): Productivity
Growth, Technical Progress, and Efficiency Change in Industrialized Countries,
America Economic Review
17- Freeman, D.G. andcross-section and time-series tests of convergence: The
case of labor productivity in manufacturing. Journal of Economics and
Business, 53, 593-607.
18- Gutierrez, L. (2000). Convergence in US agriculture. European Review of
Agricultural Economics, 27(2), 187-206.
19- Galonopoulos K. and et al,(2008). Agricultural Productivity Growth in the
Euro-Med Region: Is there Evidence of Convergence?. 12th Congress of the
European Association of Agricultural Economists – EAAE 2008
20- Islam, N. (2003). What have we learntfrom the convergence debate?
Journal of Economic Surveys, 17(3), 309-362.
21- Ludena, C. E., Hertel, T. W., Preckel, and Nin-Pratt, A. (2005).
Technological change and convergence in crops and livestock production.
Contributed paper presented for the 8th Annual Conference on Global
Economic Analysis, Lübeck, Germany, June 9-11, 2005.
22- Malmquist, S. (1953), “Index Numbers and Indifference Surfaces.”
Trabajos de Estatistica 4, 209-242.
23- Moradi A.(2003)” A survey on total factor productivity in agricultural
sector of Iran and its effect on rural migration” MSc thesis, Agricultural
Engineer – Agricultural economics, Tarbiat Modaress University.
24- Shestalova, S. (2003). Sequential Malmquiproductivity growth: An
application to OECD industrial activities. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 19,
211-226. 100(2), 223-251
25- Suhariyanto, K. and Thirtle, C. (2001). Asian agricultural productivity and
convergence. Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol. 52(3), 96-110.
26- Wiebe, K., Soul(2000). Resource quality and agricultural productivity: a
multi-country comparison. Selected paper for presentation at the annual meeting
of the American Association of Agricultural Economists. Tampa, Florida, July
31 2000.
27- Zare A. chezare A. and pakani GH.(2005)”Total factor productivity growth
analysis in cotton farms of Iran” 5th Congress of the Agricultural economics
society of Iran, Systan and Bluchestan University,Volume 1. Pages 205-218.