تاثیر سیاست مقاومسازی بر پایداری مسکن روستایی، مورد مطالعه: شهرستان ساوه
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
ولی رجبی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‎ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.)
حمید جلالیان
2
(دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)
فرهاد عزیزپور
3
(دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: توسعه روستایی, مسکن روستایی, مسکن پایدار, مقاومسازی مسکن روستایی, ساوه,
چکیده مقاله :
در دو دهه اخیر سیاست به‌سازی و مقاومسازی مسکن روستایی برای بهبود کیفیت آن در سطح کشور به اجرا درآمدهاست. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر اجرای این سیاست بر پایداری مسکن از جنبه‌های کالبدی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و محیط زیستی در نواحی روستایی بوده‌است. دادههای لازم با رویکرد کمی و با روش‌های اسنادی و پیمایشی گردآوری شد. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده پرسش‌نامه محقق‌ساخته بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش 528 خانوار دریافتکننده اعتبارات در دوره زمانی 1395-1384 در 23 روستای دهستانهای طرازناهید و کوهپایه شهرستان ساوه است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 196 خانوار محاسبه شد. تجزیه و تحلیل دادههای پرسش‌نامه با آمار توصیفی و استنباطی (آزمون T تک نمونهای) انجام شد. وزندهی به مولفههای پایداری مسکن با روش آنتروپی شانون و سطح بندی روستاها با مدل ویکور انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد سیاست مقاومسازی مسکن روستایی بیش‌ترین تاثیر را بر جنبه کالبدی مسکن (با میانگین 91/2) داشته و سپس بر جنبه‌های محیط زیستی (با میانگین 65/2) و اجتماعی (با میانگین 53/2) داشته‌است. کمترین تاثیر این سیاست بر جنبه‌های اقتصادی (با میانگین 24/2) بوده‌است. نتایج به‌دست آمده از مدل ویکور، نشان داد 11 روستا در گروه پایدار، 7 روستا نسبتاً پایدار، 2 روستا با پایداری پایین و 3 روستا در گروه ناپایدار قرار می‌گیرند. هم‌چنین، تاثیرگذاری این سیاست بر روستاها یکسان نبوده و در روستاهای بزرگتر و نزدیک به شهر اثرات بیشتری داشته‌است.
During the last two decades, rural housing reinforcement and rehabilitation policy has been implemented to improve its quality throughout the country. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes that have occurred as a result of the use of housing reinforcement credits on the economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions of the houses. Nessassary data were collected through both library and field methods within a quantitative approach and using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study is 528 households whome received the credits in 23 villages of Taraznahid and Kouhpaye sub-districts of Saveh County during 2005-2016. Sample size was 196 households –based on Cochran formula. Data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample T-test). Weighting of the components of the housing sustainability and leveling the villages were performed using the Shannon Entropy and Vikor Techniques. The results showed that rural housing rehabilitation policy has the most impact on physical aspect of housing (with 2.91 Mean) and then on environmental (with 2.65 Mean) and social (with 2.53 Mean) aspects. The least impact of this policy has been on the economic aspects (with 2.24 Mean). The results obtained by using Vicor Techniqe show that 11 villages are in sustainable category (level), 7 villages in relative sustainable, 2 villages in low sustainable and 3 villages in unsustainable category. Moreover, the impact of this policy on the villages was not the same, but it had more impact on the larger and the nearer ones to the cities.
1- Azizi, M. (2005). "An Analysis of the position and transformation of urban housing indicators in Iran", Journal of Fine Arts, 23, 25-34. (In Persian).
2- Bayat, H. (2003). "Assessing the Vulnerability of Building Units and Approaches to Transformation", Bam Earthquake Findings Conference. National Land and Housing Organization, (In Persian).
3- Boshaq, M. R.; Seydaei, S. E. & Jamini, D. (2012). "An Analysis on Social Sustainability of Housing in Rural Areas (Case study: Rural Areas of Azna County)". Journal of Regional Planing, 2 (5), 1-11. (In Persian).
4- Charles, L. (2007). "The Search for Policies to Support Sustainable Housing. Journal of Habitat International". 31. 143-149.
5- Cheraghi, M. (2011). "Explanation the Effects of Paying Small Credits to Achieve Rural Development", MA thesis, Supervisor: Behrouz Mohammadi Yeganeh, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Zanjan University. (In Persian).
6- Edwards, B. & D. Turret, (2000): "Sustainable Housing: Principles and Practice". E & FN Spon. London, U.K.
7- ERR (2006). Building Back Better – Rural Housing Reconstruction Strategy of Earthquake Hit Districts in NWFP and AJK. Available online at: RURAL HOUSING RECONSTRUCTION STRATEGY, Available in: http://www.reliefweb.int/ rw/ dbc.rbf/doc
8- Federal Housing Administration (FHA). (2013): "Strenghening Accountability and Regulatory Revisions of Applicability". Final rule amendment, Section 232 Healthcare Facility Insurance Program- Federal Register. 78 (83), pp: 25184-15185.
9- Haji Ebrahim Zargar, A. (2012). "An Introduction to Understanding Rural Architecture in Iran". Shahid Beheshti University Press, Sixth Edition, (In Persian).
10- Hall, A. & James M. (2009). "Social policy and development". Translate by Mehdi Ebrahimi and Alireza Sadeghi, Sociologists Publications, First Edition, (In Persian).
11- Huchzermeyer, M. (2001). "Housing for the Poor? Negotiated Housing Policy in South Africa". Journal of Habitat International. 25. pp: 303-331.
12- Jomeh Pour, M. & Rashnoudi, B. (2011). "Investigating the Role of Small Cities in Developing Rural Areas with Emphasis on Quality of Life: Case study of Firoozabad rural district in Selseleh town", Journal of Community Development, 3 (1), 45-64. (In Persian).
13- Lotfi, H.; Ahmadi, A. & Hassanzadeh Farjoud, D. (2009). "The Nessassary Indexes and Components for Rurals Housing Planning and Policies in Iran", Journal of Amayesh, 2 (7), 105-128. (In Persian)
14- Maliene, V. & N. Malys, (2009): "High Quality Housing: A Key Issue in Delivering Sustainable Communities". Journal of Building and Environment. 44 (2), 426-430.
15- Moeini, M. (2008). "Study of the Process of Housing Formation in Nomads (Case Study: Gol Afshan New Settlement in Semirom", Journal of Fine Arts, 33, 47-56. (In Persian).
16- Mohammadi Yegane, B.; Cheraghi, M. & Eslami, L. (2017). "An Analysis of the Effects of Rural Housing Retrofitting Credits on their Productive Functions (Case Study of Mojezat Township, Zanjan County)", Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 36 (158), 51-62. (In Persian).
17- Motiei Langroudi, H. & Bakhshi, Z. (2010). "The Role of Rural Housing Credit in Empowerment and Stabilization of Rural Population (Case Study: Beyhagh Rural District, Sabzevar County)", Journal of Human Geography Researches, 72, 31-46. (In Persian).
18- Nanda, R. P. & Pani, A. K. (2011): "Seismic Retrofitting for Rural Housing". International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering. 4, (6), pp. 669-672.
19- Parhiz, F.; Shariat, J. S.; Karimian M.; Ziari, K. & Jamini, D. (2012). "Analysis of Housing in Lorestan Province by Using Factor Analysis Models (Numerical Taxonomy and Williamson)", Journal of Regioal Planning, 2 (8), pp. 29-42. (In Persian).
20- Pour Mohammadi, M. (2000). Housing planning. SAMT Publications, First Edition. (In Persian).
21- Qasemi Ardahaei, Ali and Rostamalizadeh, Valiullah (2012). "The Effects of Rural Housing Credits on Changes in Rural Life", Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 31 (139), 67-84. (In Persian).
22- Rafiei, S. (2014). "Housing Rehabilitation Credits and Its Role on Creating Physical-Spatial Developments in Rural Housing, Case Study: Sojasroud County", MA Thesis, Supervisor: Jamshid Einali, Department of Geography, Zanjan University. (In Persian).
23- Rezvani, M. R. (2004). "Introduction to Rural Development Planning in Iran". Ghoomes Publications, First Edition, (In Persian).
24- Rezvani, M. R.; Talebi, R. & Lotfi Mehrunieh, H. (2020). "Analysis of Factors Influencing Villagers to Receive Credits for Housing Amelioration (Case Study: Mehrooye District, Fariab County)", Journal of Geography and Planning, Ready-to-publish article, Accepted, Published online from March 9, 2020. (In Persian).
25- Ryahi, V.; Parizadi, T. & Ghasemi, S. (2016). " Investigation of the Role of Housing Bank Credits on Rural Development (Case Study: Rural Areas in Ošnaviya County)", Journal of Research & Rural Planning, 5 (15), Mashhad, pp. 75-90. (In Persian).
26- Saeedi, A. (2010)-a. "Space and Its Types", Encyclopedia of Urban and Rural Management, Organization of Municipalities and Villages of the Country, First Edition, (In Persian).
27- Saeedi, A. & Amini, F. (2010). "Settlement Unsustainability and Functional Changes of Rural Houses: Case of Khafr Village (Natanz- Badrud Area)", Journal of Geography, 27, 29-43. (In Persian).
28- Saeedi, A. & Hosseini Hasel, S. (2009). "The Foundation of Locating and Establishing New Villages", Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation Publications, First Edition, (In Persian).
29- Saeedi, A.; Taleshi, M. & Rabet, A. R. (2013). "Dwelling Renewal and Structural- Functional Transformation of Rural Housing: Case of Villages of Idjrud (Zanjan)", Journal of Geography, 11 (38), 5-31. (In Persian).
30- Salazar, A. (2011). “Disasters, the World Bank and Participation: Relocation Housing after the 1993 Earthquake in Maharashtra, India”. Journal of Third World Planning Review. 21 (1). pp: 83.
31- Sartipi Pour, M. (2005). "Rural Housing Architecture Indicators in Iran", Journal of Fine Arts, 22, 43-52. (In Persian).
32- Sartipi Pour, M. (2007). "Housing Architecture in Iranian Villages", Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 26 (119), pp. 2-15. (In Persian).
33- Sartipi Pour, M. (2009). "An Analytical Review of Rural Housing in Iran", Journal of SOFFEH, 19 (49), 47-60. (In Persian).
34- Scott, M. (2007). “Rural Housing: Politics, Poblic Policy and Planning”. Journal of Housing Contemporary Ireland. 1, pp: 344-363.
35- Statistical Center of Iran (2016). General Population and Housing Census, Management and Planning Organization, (In Persian).
36- Trohanis, Z. & G. Read, (2008): "Housing Reconstruction in Urban and Rural Areas". EAP DRM Knowledge Notes, Working Paper. Series No. 9. 52945.
37- Vincent, I. O. and E. O. Joseph, (2001): "Housing Policy in Nigeria: Towards Enablement of Private Housing Development". Journal of Habitat International. 25. pp: 473-492.
38- Villarino, R., et al. (2014). On applicability of impulse-radar sensors for monitoring of human movements. Extended abstract, IMEKO Joint Symposium (Madeira, Portugal.
39- Yari Hesar, A.; Haghparast, F.; Majnoon Tutakhaneh, A. & Niroumand Shishvan, S. (2016). "Identification and Analysis of Effective Obstacles on Retrofitting Rural Housing (Case Study: Bonab County)", Journal of Regional Planing, 6 (23), 153-168. (In Persian).
40- Young, C. (2007). "Housing Micro-Finance: Desinig a Product for the Rural Poor". Institute for Financial Management and Research. Centre for Micro Finance. Working Paper Series (19).
_||_
