تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه گردشگری فرهنگی و اثرات آن در پایداری اقتصادیِ نواحی روستایی استان زنجان
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
منیژه احمدی
1
(ستادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران)
کلید واژه: فرهنگ, زنجان, گردشگری فرهنگی, پایداری اقتصادی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی و تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه گردشگری فرهنگی و اثرات آن در پایداری اقتصادیروستایی میباشد. تحقیق حاضر از لحاظ روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و جهت جمعآوری دادهها و اطلاعات از مطالعات کتابخانهای و میدانی استفاده شده است. قلمرو مکانی این تحقیق روستاهای گردشگری استان زنجان میباشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق 220 نفر از مسئولانو کارشناساناداره کل میراثفرهنگی، صنایعدستیوگردشگریاستانزنجان، دانشجویان و خبرگانمحلی درروستاهایدارای پتانسیلمیباشد، که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعداد 131 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ بررسی و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 73/0 محاسبه گردید که بیانگر مطلوب بودن ابزار تحقیق است. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها و اطلاعات از آمار توصیفی (میانگین و انحراف معیار و واریانس) و استنباطی (تحلیل عاملی، همبستگی و تحلیل مسیر) استفادهشده است. یافتههای تحقیق نشان میدهد که، بیشترین اثرات کلی گردشگری فرهنگی در پایداری اقتصاد روستایی مربوط به شاخص اشتغال با میزان (776/0) و کمترین اثر کلی مربوط به شاخص سرمایه با میزان (089/0) میباشد. تأثیرات کلی به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که با گسترش گردشگری روستایی و گردشگری فرهنگی بر میزان اشتغال روستاییان افزوده شده است و افزایش اشتغال، افزایش درآمد و تولید و در نتیجه سرمایهگذاری را به همراه داشته است. همچنین، پیشنهاداتی مانند آموزش به گردشگران و جامعه محلی در رابطه با اهمیت میراث تاریخی و فرهنگی، تشکیل کار گروههای علمی و تخصصی مرکب از متخصصان بومی منطقه جهت تدوین برنامة راهبردی گردشگری فرهنگی، تربیت نیرویی متخصص بومی در زمینه گردشگری فرهنگی و بستر سازی جهت توسعه پژوهش در زمینه گردشگری فرهنگی و غیره آمده است.
The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyz the factors which affected the development of cultural tourism and their effects on rural economic sustainability in rural areas of the province of Zanjan.This is an applied research with a descriptive-analytic design. The data were gathered through library and field research. The geographical scope of this research was touristic villages of the province of Zanjan. The population included 220 officials and experts from the Directorate General of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of the province of Zanjan, students and local experts and trustees in the villages with tourism potential. Utilizing Cochran formula, a sample of 131 participants were selected. The Questionnaire’s reliability was tested using Cronbach alpha which turned out to be .73. To analyze the gathered data and information, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and variance) and inferential statistics (factor analysis, correlation and path analysis) were performed. The findings showed that the greatest overall effect of cultural tourism on the sustainability of the rural economy was associated with the employment index (0/776) and the lowest overall effect belonged to capital indicator with the index of 0/089. The observed overall effect suggests that the increase in rural and cultural tourism results in the increase in the rural employment which, in turn, leads to the increase of employment, income and productivity, and hence investment. It is also suggested that taking such actions as training tourists and rural habitants to realize the importance of such historical and cultural heritage, developing professional groups including local experts in order to develop and design strategic plans for improving tourism in the region, training local specialist for cultural tourism, and providing a suiable condition to increase research on cultural tourism can be effective.
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