اثر آرایش کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کلزا رقم زرفام
محورهای موضوعی :
بصیر صمدی فیروزآباد
1
(پژوهشگر مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران
سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ورامین، ایران)
ابراهیم فراهانی
2
(مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران)
غلامرضا نادری
3
(مربی آموزش، عضو هیئت‌علمی
واحد اراک
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
اراک، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/04/12
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/10/07
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/11/01
کلید واژه:
تراکم کاشت,
توزیع مکانی بوته,
کشت ردیفی,
میزان بذر,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور تعیین مناسب‌ترین آرایش کاشت کلزا رقم زرفام، آزمایشی در دو سال 1389 و 1390 به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی ورامین اجرا شد. کرت های اصلی شامل روش کاشت یک خط روی پشته 60 سانتیمتری، دو خط روی پشته 60 سانتیمتری، دو خط روی پشته 50 و یک خط روی پشته 50 سانتیمتری و کرت‌های فرعی شامل میزان بذر 6، 8 و 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار بودند. نتایج تجزیه مرکب دوساله نشان داد که اثر برهمکنش روش کاشت در مقدار بذر بر تعداد روز تا جوانه‌زنی، روز تا رسیدگی، تعداد خورجین در بوته و وزن هزار دانه معنی‌دار بود. مصرف بذر تا 8 کیلوگرم نتایج خوبی داشت و با افزایش تعداد ردیف و کاهش فاصله کاشت بذرها عملکرد و ویژگی‌های عملکردی کاهش یافت. از روش کاشت یک خط روی پشته 60 سانتیمتری بیشترین تعداد دانه در خورجین و درصد روغن حاصل گردید. همچنین روش کاشت یک خط روی پشته 60 سانتیمتری و 8 کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار در اکثر صفات مورد بررسی نتایج مناسبی داشت؛ بنابراین در کاشت کلزا روش کاشت یک خط روی پشته 60 سانتیمتری و مصرف 8 کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار توصیه می‌شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
To determine the best planting pattern of rapeseed cv. Zarfam, an experiment was carried out during two years of 2010 and 2011 at Agricultural Research Station of Varamin, Iran. The experiment was in split-plot design based on complete randomized block with 12 treatments and four replications. The main plots included four planting methods including one or two rows on furrow with 60 or 50 cm spacing and the sub plots included three seed rates of 6, 8 and 10 kg/ha. Combined analysis showed that interaction between planting methods and seed rates was significant on day to germinate, day of ripening, and number of silique per plant and weight of 1000 seed. Planting method of one row on furrow with 60 cm spacingcaused longest period of crop maturity, number of pod per plant, number of seed per silique, 1000 seed weightand oil percentage.Seed rate up to 8 kg had proper resultsandincreasing the number of rows and reducing space between caused decrement in yield and yieldcomponents.The method of one row planting on furrow with 60 cm spacing had the most seed number in silique and oil percentage. Also, 60 cm spacing on one row and 8 kg/ha seed rate had suitable effect on most of the studied traits would be recommendable for rapessed cv. Zarfam in this region.
منابع و مأخذ:
Ackman RG, Sebedio JL (1981) Fatty acid and sterols in oils from canola screens. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 58(5): 594-598.
Al-Barrak KhM (2006) Irrigation interval and nitrogen level effects on growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.). Scientific Journal of King Faisal University 7(1): 87-102.
Andrade FH, Calvino P (2002) Yield responses to narrow rows depends on increased radiation interception. Agronomy Journal 94(1): 975-980.
Azizi M, Soltani A, Khavari Khorasani S (1999) Brassica Oilseeds: Production and Utilization. Jahad-e Daneshgahi of Mashhad: Mashhad. [in Persian]
Berglund DR, Mckay K (2002) Canola production. Available on-line as <http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/crops/a686w.htm.> on 5 March 2013.
Boquet DJ (1990) Plant population density and row spacing effects on soybean at post optimal planting dates. Agronomy Journal 82(1): 59-64.
Bryan K, Eric H, Eriksmoen D, Henson R, Patrick M, McKay R (2001) Seeding rate response to various management factors in canola production. Annual Report, Dickinson Research Extension Center in North Dakota: Dickinson, USA.
Clark JM, Simpson JM (1978) Influence of irrigation and seeding rate on yield and components (Brassica napus L.). Canadian Journal Plant Science 58(1): 731-737.
Degenhardt DF, Kondar ZP (1981) Influence of seeding date and seeding rate on seed yield and growth characters of five genotype of Brassica napus L. Canadian Journal Plant Science 61(2):185-190.
Egli DB (1988) Plant density and soybean yield. Crop Science 28(1): 977-980.
Fanaei HR, Glavi M, Ghanbari Benjar A, Soluki M, Naroei Rad MR (1999) Effect of planting date and seeding rate on grain yield and yield components in two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under Sistan conditions. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 10(1): 15-30. [in Persian with English abstract]
Faraji A (2004) Effects of row spacing and seed rate on yield and yield components of rapeseed (Quantum cultivar) in Gonbad. Seed and Plant 20(3): 297- 314. [in Persian with English abstract]
Faraji A (2008) Effects of sowing date, seed rate and row spacing on agronomic traits and seed yield of canola cultivar RGS003 in Gonbad areas. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 24(4): 623-642. [in Persian with English abstract]
Heikkinen MK, Auld DL (1991) Harvest index and seed yield of winter rapeseed grown at different plant populations. Proceedings of the 8th International Rapeseed Congress. Saskatoon, Canada.
Jasinska Z, Malarz W, Budzynski W, Majkowski K (1991) Effect of row spacing and sowing rate on the development and yields of winter rape. Field Crop Abstracts 44(4): 41-53.
Johnson B L, Hanson BK (2003) Row spacing interception on spring canola performance in the Northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal 95(1): 703-708.
Kondra ZP (1975) Effects of planted seed size and seeding rate on rapeseed. Canadian Journal Plant Science 57(1): 277-280.
Kurmi K, Kalita MM (1992) Effect of sowing date, seed rate and method of sowing on growth, yield and oil content of rapeseed (B. napus). Indian Journal of Agronomy 37(3): 595-597.
Lewis CE, Knight CW (1987) Yield response of rapeseed to row spacing and rates of seeding and N-fertilization in interior Alaska. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67(1): 53-57.
May WE, Hume DJ, Hale BA (1993) Effect of agronomic practices on free acid levels in the oil of Ontario-grown spring canola. Canadian Journal Plant Science 74(1): 267-274.
Morrison MJ, Scarth R (1990) Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on summer rape in southern Manitoba. Canadian Journal Plant Science 70(1):127-137.
Ozer H (2003) The effect of plant population densities on growth, yield and yield components of two spring rapeseed cultivars. Plant Soil Environment 49(9): 422-426
Potter TD, Kay JR, Ludwig IR (1999) Effect of row spacing and sowing rate on canola cultivars with varying early vigour. Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Canberra, Australia.
Rao MSS, Mendham NJ (1991) Comparison of canola (B. campestris and B. napus) oilseed rape using different growth regulators, plant population densities and irrigation treatments. Journal of Agriculture Science Cambridge 177(1): 177-187.
Shibles RM, Weber CR (1995) Leaf area, solar radiation interception and dry matter production by soybeans. Crop Science 5(1): 575-577.
Shirani Rad AH, Ahmadi MR (1996) Study of sowing date and plant density on growth of two rapeseed cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28(2): 27-36. [in Persian with English abstract]
Stephen OG, Moove M (1994) Winter Rapeseed- Seeding Rate and Date Guide. University of Idaho Extension: Idaho, USA.
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Ackman RG, Sebedio JL (1981) Fatty acid and sterols in oils from canola screens. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 58(5): 594-598.
Al-Barrak KhM (2006) Irrigation interval and nitrogen level effects on growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.). Scientific Journal of King Faisal University 7(1): 87-102.
Andrade FH, Calvino P (2002) Yield responses to narrow rows depends on increased radiation interception. Agronomy Journal 94(1): 975-980.
Azizi M, Soltani A, Khavari Khorasani S (1999) Brassica Oilseeds: Production and Utilization. Jahad-e Daneshgahi of Mashhad: Mashhad. [in Persian]
Berglund DR, Mckay K (2002) Canola production. Available on-line as <http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/crops/a686w.htm.> on 5 March 2013.
Boquet DJ (1990) Plant population density and row spacing effects on soybean at post optimal planting dates. Agronomy Journal 82(1): 59-64.
Bryan K, Eric H, Eriksmoen D, Henson R, Patrick M, McKay R (2001) Seeding rate response to various management factors in canola production. Annual Report, Dickinson Research Extension Center in North Dakota: Dickinson, USA.
Clark JM, Simpson JM (1978) Influence of irrigation and seeding rate on yield and components (Brassica napus L.). Canadian Journal Plant Science 58(1): 731-737.
Degenhardt DF, Kondar ZP (1981) Influence of seeding date and seeding rate on seed yield and growth characters of five genotype of Brassica napus L. Canadian Journal Plant Science 61(2):185-190.
Egli DB (1988) Plant density and soybean yield. Crop Science 28(1): 977-980.
Fanaei HR, Glavi M, Ghanbari Benjar A, Soluki M, Naroei Rad MR (1999) Effect of planting date and seeding rate on grain yield and yield components in two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under Sistan conditions. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 10(1): 15-30. [in Persian with English abstract]
Faraji A (2004) Effects of row spacing and seed rate on yield and yield components of rapeseed (Quantum cultivar) in Gonbad. Seed and Plant 20(3): 297- 314. [in Persian with English abstract]
Faraji A (2008) Effects of sowing date, seed rate and row spacing on agronomic traits and seed yield of canola cultivar RGS003 in Gonbad areas. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 24(4): 623-642. [in Persian with English abstract]
Heikkinen MK, Auld DL (1991) Harvest index and seed yield of winter rapeseed grown at different plant populations. Proceedings of the 8th International Rapeseed Congress. Saskatoon, Canada.
Jasinska Z, Malarz W, Budzynski W, Majkowski K (1991) Effect of row spacing and sowing rate on the development and yields of winter rape. Field Crop Abstracts 44(4): 41-53.
Johnson B L, Hanson BK (2003) Row spacing interception on spring canola performance in the Northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal 95(1): 703-708.
Kondra ZP (1975) Effects of planted seed size and seeding rate on rapeseed. Canadian Journal Plant Science 57(1): 277-280.
Kurmi K, Kalita MM (1992) Effect of sowing date, seed rate and method of sowing on growth, yield and oil content of rapeseed (B. napus). Indian Journal of Agronomy 37(3): 595-597.
Lewis CE, Knight CW (1987) Yield response of rapeseed to row spacing and rates of seeding and N-fertilization in interior Alaska. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67(1): 53-57.
May WE, Hume DJ, Hale BA (1993) Effect of agronomic practices on free acid levels in the oil of Ontario-grown spring canola. Canadian Journal Plant Science 74(1): 267-274.
Morrison MJ, Scarth R (1990) Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on summer rape in southern Manitoba. Canadian Journal Plant Science 70(1):127-137.
Ozer H (2003) The effect of plant population densities on growth, yield and yield components of two spring rapeseed cultivars. Plant Soil Environment 49(9): 422-426
Potter TD, Kay JR, Ludwig IR (1999) Effect of row spacing and sowing rate on canola cultivars with varying early vigour. Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Canberra, Australia.
Rao MSS, Mendham NJ (1991) Comparison of canola (B. campestris and B. napus) oilseed rape using different growth regulators, plant population densities and irrigation treatments. Journal of Agriculture Science Cambridge 177(1): 177-187.
Shibles RM, Weber CR (1995) Leaf area, solar radiation interception and dry matter production by soybeans. Crop Science 5(1): 575-577.
Shirani Rad AH, Ahmadi MR (1996) Study of sowing date and plant density on growth of two rapeseed cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28(2): 27-36. [in Persian with English abstract]
Stephen OG, Moove M (1994) Winter Rapeseed- Seeding Rate and Date Guide. University of Idaho Extension: Idaho, USA.
