Effect of Pb- exposure on Serum Calcium and Phosphorus Components among Pb- Battery Manufacturing Workers

محورهای موضوعی :

Ravibabu kalahasthi ¹ , Barman Tapu ²

1 - Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern) Bangalore, ICMR complex, Poojanahalli Road, Kannamangala Post, Devanahalli, Bangalore-562 110.Karnataka, India
2 - Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern) Bangalore, ICMR complex, Poojanahalli Road, Kannamangala Post, Devanahalli, Bangalore-562 110.Karnataka, India

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/05/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/08/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/06/25

کلید واژه: phosphorous, Serum total calcium, Ionized calcium, Corrected calcium, Product of calcium and phosphorus, Ratio of calcium and phosphorus and occupational Pb- exposure,

چکیده مقاله :

Most of the studies assessed the effect of Pb-exposure on serum total calcium and phosphorus. This study assessed the effect of Pb- exposure on serum total calcium (TCa2+) and phosphorus (P) components such as corrected calcium (CCa2+), ionized calcium (ICa2+), percentage of ICa2+from TCa2+, percentage of ICa2+from CCa2+, ratios of TCa2+: P, CCa2+: P, ICa2+: P and product of Ca2+ and P in workers of different category of Pb-exposure. This study enrolled 176 male Pb-exposed workers and categorized into two groups based on blood lead levels (BLLs) recommended by BEI-ACGIH. The low Pb-exposure group is 86 workers with their BLLs is ≤ 30 µg/dL and high Pb-exposure is 90 workers with their BLLs is > 30 µg/dL). 80 healthy workers with no occupational exposure to Pb were included them as control for the comparison. The serum calcium, phosphorus and albumin concentrations were done by using diagnostic kit methods. BLLs were estimated by using the flame atomic absorption spectrometric method. The serum TCa2+, CCa2+ and ICa2+ were significantly decreased in low and high Pb-exposure groups as compared to control. The ratios of TCa2+: P, CCa2+: P, ICa2+: P was significantly decreased in the high Pb-exposure as compared to low Pb–exposure and controls. Product of TCa2+X P was significantly increased in the high Pb-exposure group as compared to low Pb- exposure. A negative association was noted between BLLs and serum TCa2+, ICa2+and CCa2+ in a high Pb- exposure group. The components of serum calcium and phosphorus were significantly altered in Pb- exposed workers.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Habraken W., Habibovic P., Epple M., Bohner M., 2016. Calcium phosphates in biomedical applications: materials for the future. Materials Today. 19, 69-87.
2. Suhartono E., Ulfarini Y.W., Triawanti T., Mustaqim W.A., Firdaus R.T., Setiawan M.H.M.,2015. Increased bone calcium dissociation in lead-exposed rats. Universa Medicina. 31, 151-158.
3. Rogers Joseph T., Chris M. Wood., 2004. Characterization of bronchial lead-calcium interaction in the freshwater rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. J Exp Biol. 207, 813-825
4. Dreyer M.J., 2011.Serum total calciumionised calcium and corrected total calcium concentrations in kwashiorkor and nephritic syndrome patients. Medical Technology SA. 52, 29-32.
5. Moe S.M., 2008.Disorders Involving Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium.Primary Care.35, 215-37.
6. Kristal-Boneh E., Froom P., Yerushalmi N., Harari G., Ribak J., 1998. Calcitropic hormones and occupational lead exposure. Am J Epidemiol.147, 458-463.
7. Dongre N.N, Suryakar A.N., Patil A.J, Hundekari I.A, Devarnavadagi B.B.,2013. Biochemical Effects of Lead Exposure on Battery Manufacture Workers with Reference to Blood Pressure, Calcium Metabolism and Bone Mineral Density. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 28, 65ââ‚‌“70.
8. Babu G.N.Vishal, Raviraja A., Deepak K.S., Thuppil V., 2017. Comparative calcium levels in high exposed and low exposed group of lead based battery workers. International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research. 4,315-18.
9. Dobrakowski M., Boron M., Birkner E., Kasperczyk A., Chwalinska E., Lisowska G., Kasperczyk S., 2017. The Effect of a Short-Term Exposure to Lead on the Levels of Essential Metal Ions, Selected Proteins Related to Them, and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Humans. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Article ID 8763793, 9 pages.https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8763793.
10. Anetor J.I., AkingbolaT.S., Adeniyi F.A., Taylor G.O., 2005. Decreased total and ionized calcium levels and haematological indices in occupational lead exposure as evidence of the endocrine disruptive effect of lead. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 9, 15-21.
11. Elmarsafawy S.F., Jain N.B., Schwartz J., Sparrow D., Nie H., Hu H., 2006. Dietary calcium as a potential modifier of the relationship of lead burden to blood pressure. Epidemiology. 17, 531-537.
12. Ikechukwu I.C., Ojareva O.I.A., Ibhagbemien A.J., Okhoaretor O.F., Oluwatomi O.B., Akhalufo O.S., Oluwagbenga A.T., Chigaekwu M.N., 2012. Blood lead, calcium, and phosphorus in women with preeclampsia in Edo State, Nigeria. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health. 67(3), 163-169.
13. Mazumdar I., Goswami K., Ali M.S., 2017. Status of serum calcium, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone and hematological indices among lead exposed jewelry workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 32,110-116.
14. Kemi V.E., Karkkainen M.U., Rita H.J., Laaksonen M.M., Outila T.A., Lamberg-Allardt C.J., 2010. Low calcium: phosphorus ratio in habitual diets affects serum parathyroid hormone concentration and calcium metabolism in healthy women with adequate calcium intake. Br J Nutr. 103, 561-568.
15. Adatorwovor R., Roggenkamp K., Anderson J.J. 2015.Intakes of calcium and phosphorus and calculated calcium-to-phosphorus ratios of older adults: NHANES 2005ââ‚‌“2006 data. Nutrients. 7, 9633-9639.
16. Koshihara M., Masuyama R., Uehara M., Suzuki K., 2004. Effect of dietary calcium: Phosphorus ratio on bone mineralization and intestinal calcium absorption in ovariectomized rats. Biofactors. 22(1ââ‚‌4), 39-42.
17. Todorovic T., Vujanovic D., Dozic I., Petkovic-Curcin A., 2008.Calcium and magnesium content in hard tissues of rats under condition of subchronic lead intoxication. Magnes Res. 21,43-50.
18. Sobel A.E., Burger M., 1955. Calcification. 13. The influence of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D on the removal of lead from blood and bone. J Biol Chem. 212, 105-110.
19. O'neill W.C., 2007. The fallacy of the calcium-phosphorus product. Kidney Int. 72, 792-796.
20. Barman T., Kalahasthi R., Rajmohan H.R., 2014. Effects of lead exposure on the status of platelet indices in workers involved in a lead-acid battery manufacturing plant. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 24, 629-633.
21. Moorehead W.R., Biggs H.G., 1974. 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol as the alkalizing agent in an improved continuous-flow cresolphthalein complexone procedure for calcium in serum. Clin Chem. 20, 1458-60
22. John G. Toffaletti, 2011. Is Ionized Calcium Always Right and Total Calcium Always Wrong? http://www.aacc.org/publications/cln/2011/September/Pages/calcium.aspx?[2/09/2011 11:06:08 AM).
23. Doumas B.T., Watson W.A., Biggs H.G., 1971 Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromcresol green. Clin Chim Acta. 31,87-96.
24. ARL: Lead toxicity. http : // www .arltma. com /Articles/LeadToxDoc.htm.
25. Sobel A.E., Yuska H., Peters D.D., Kramer B., 1940.The Biochemical Behaviour of Lead. I. Influence of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D on Lead in Blood and Bone. J Biol Chem. 132, 239-265.
26. Mogwasi R., Getenga Z., Nyambaka Hudson R.W., Murungi J., Okiambe E., Onyancha E., 2013. Comparison of lead levels with calcium, zinc and
27. phosphorus levels in human blood. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research. 1, 44-59.