Evaluation of Genetic Parameters and Cormlet Yield in Gladiolus Offspring
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Mohammad Hossein Azimi
1
,
Behzad Edrisi
2
,
Mohammad Ali Khalaj
3
1 - Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran
2 - Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran
3 - Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran
کلید واژه: Progenies, Variation, Cormlet, Hybridization,
چکیده مقاله :
The research aimed to produce new genotypes by hybridization. It was conducted in the Ornamental Plants Research Center of Mahallat from 2016 to 2018. Four varieties of gladiolus including ‘Amsterdam’, ‘White Prosperity’, ‘Advance Red’ and ‘Rose Supreme’ were chosen for hybridization. The progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest heritability in traits was estimated to be 98.46% for cormlet number and diameter and the lowest was 12.90% for crown diameter. These results indicate that most traits have a very low phenotypic and genetic diversity coefficient, indicating that they had lower environmental effects since the progenies were cultivated under similar and controlled conditions. The results of the factor analysis, based on the eight assessed traits, showed that the four factors accounted for 60.90% of the total variance. The first factor captured 22.80% of the variance and among its traits, crown diameter and leaf number had the highest positive coefficients. The progenies OPRC07 and OPRC09 derived from ‘Advance Red’ × ‘White Prosperity’ and ‘Amsterdam’ × ‘Advance Red’ had a significant difference with others and had the highest cormlet weight compared to the progenies tested. The progeny OPRC09 was superior to other cormlets in leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, leaf number, days to germination, and cormlet weight and diameter. Also, the progeny OPRC04 was superior in cormlet production by producing 2.49 cormlets per seed.
گلایول متعلق به تیره زنبق از مهم‌ترین گل‌های شاخه بریده و پیازی جهان است. این پژوهش با هدف تولید ژنوتیپهای جدید گلایول از طریق دورگ‌گیری در بین ارقام گلایول انجام شد. این تحقیق در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در پژوهشکده گل و گیاهان زینتی در سال 97-95 انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات بین نتاج (هیبریدها) نشان داد که اختلاف نتاج مورد نظر برای تمام صفات مورد مطالعه در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود، که بیانگر وجود تنوع گسترده برای همه صفات در نتاج مشاهده می‌شود. نتاج NIOP09 و OPRC07 از تلاقی‘Red Advance’ با ‘White Prosperity’ تفاوت معنی‌داری از نظر وزن پداژک در مقایسه با سایر نتاج داشتند. بیشترین ضریب تنوع فنوتیپی در صفت تعداد پداژک به میزان 17/57 و کمترین در صفت تعداد روز تا جوانه‌زنی بذر به میزان 15/11 درصد به‌دست آمد. بیشترین قابلیت توارث عمومی صفات تعداد پداژک و قطر پداژک به‌ترتیب برابر با 46/98 و 46/95 درصد و کمترین آن برای صفت قطر طوقه به میزان 90/12 درصد برآورد شد. ضرایب همبستگی صفات بین نتاج‌های مختلف نشان می‌دهدکه بیشترین همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار مربوط به تعداد برگ با قطر طوقه (93/0+ = r) و کمترین میزان همبستگی هم بین تعداد روز تا جوانه‌زنی با تعداد پداژک (17/0 = r) بود.
Anandhi, S., Rajamani, K., Jawaharlal, M., Aheshwaran, M.M. and Gnanam, R. 2013. Interspecific hybridization in glory lily. Floriculture and Ornamental Biotechnology, 7 (1): 99-102.
Anuradha, S. and Gowdha, J.V.N. 1994. Correlation studies in Gladiolus. In: Floriculture-Technology, Trades and Trends. (Eds.). Prakash, J. and Bhandry, K.R. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. Calcutta, pp: 285-287.
Azimi, M.H. and Banijamali, S.M. 2019. Introducing superior cultivars of Gladiolus by important quality and quantity indexes. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 1 (9): 33-40.
Azimi, M.H, Sadeghian, S.Y., Razaviahari, V., Khazaei, F. and Fathihafashjani, A. 2012. Genetic variation of Iranian iris species using morphological characteristics and RAPD markers. International Journal of Agricultural Science, 2 (9): 875-889.
Balaram, M.V. and Janakiram, T. 2009. Correlation and path coefficient analysis in gladiolus. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 12 (1): 22-29.
Basra, S.M.A., Farooq, M. and Khaliq, A. 2003. Comparative study of pre-sowing seed enhancement treatments in Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Science, 1 (1): 5-9.
Bose, T.K., Yadav, L.P. and Pal, P. 2003. Gladiolus. In: Commercial flowers. Department of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Naya Prokash, pp. 1-33.
Clarke, A.E., Considine, J.A., Ward, R. and Knox, R.B. 1977. Mechanism of pollination in Gladiolus: Roles of the stigma and pollen tube guide. Annals of Botany, 41 (171): 15-20.
Cohat, J. 1993. Gladiolus. In: The physiology of flower bulbs. Ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 297-320.
Dhaduk, B.K., Singh, B. and Dadlani, N.K. 1987. Effect of different methods of pollination on seed set in gladiolus. South Indian Horticulture, 35 (3): 260-265.
Dudley, J.W. and Moll, R.H. 1969. Interpretation and use of estimates of heritability and genetic variance in plant breeding. Crop Science, 9: 257-262.
Farhat, T. 2004. Plant characteristic and vase life of Gladiolus flowers as influenced by the pre-harvest and NPK application and postharvest chemical treatment. M.Sc. (Hons). Thesis, Pmas-Aaur.
Gonzalez, A., Lopez, J., Banon, S., Ochoa, J., Fernandez, J. A., Martinez, J. J. and Rodriguez, R. 2003. Ornamental use of wild species of genus Gladiolus. Acta Horticulturae, 598: 59-63.
Grabowska, B. 1983. Studies on breeding of gladioli (Gladiolus hybridus. Hort.). Part I. Crossing ability of some cultivars and preliminary evaluation of F1 hybrids. PraceInstytutuSadownictwa-i-Kwiaciarstwa-w-Skierniewicach, B-Rosliny-Ozdobne, 8: 25-34.
Griffing, B. 1956. Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing system. Australian Journal of Biological Science, 9: 463-493.
Heller, J. 1996. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. Institute of Plant Genetic and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resource Institute, Rome, p. 44.
Hossain, M.D., Bhuiyan, M.S.R., Talukder, K.H., Islam, M.R. and Syed, M.A. 2012. Study on vegetative propagating materials, flower characteristics and production of true seed through crossing among the different gladiolus genotypes. Advances in Biological Research, 6 (2): 52-58.
Johnson, H.W., Robinson, H.F. and Comnock, R.E. 1955. Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soyabeans. Journal of Agronomy, 47: 314-318.
Jozghasemi, S., Rabiei, V. and Soleymani, A. 2015. Evaluation of the pigments concentration in the iris species native to Iran. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 6(1): 557-561.
Kempthorne, O. 1957. An introduction to genetical statistics. John Wiley and Sons. Inc., New York. pp. 545.
Kumar, H.P., Kulkarni, B.S., Jagadeesha, R.C., Reddy, B.S., Shirol, A.M. and Mulge, R. 2008. Combining ability and heterosis for growth characters in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus. Hort). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science, 21 (4): 544-547.
Kumari, A., Patel, K.S. and Choudhary, M. 2011. Genetic variability studies in Gerbera. Research in Plant Biology, 1(5): 01-04.
Langton, E.A., Benjam, L.R. and Edmondson, R.N. 1999. The effect of crop density on plant growth and variability in cut-flower chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). Ramau Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 74(4): 493-500.
Larson. 1992. Introduction to floriculture seconded. Academic Press, London. 147 P.
Lynch, M. and Walsh, B. 1998. Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
Manning, J. and Goldblatt, P. 2008. The iris family: Natural history and classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, p. 138-142.
Moradi, B. 2009. Evaluation of genetic diversity of quantitative characters and superior single plants selection for propagation in gladiolus different varieties. Final report. Publication of Research Station of Ornamental Plant Center at Mahalat, Iran.
Ohri, D. and Khoshoo, T.N. 1981. Cytogenetics of garden Gladiolus. I. Pollination mechanism and breeding system. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, 47: 510–515.
Patra, S.K. and Mohanty, C.R. 2014. Variability studies in Gladiolus. The Asian Journal of Horticulture, 2 (9): 352-355.
Poehlman, J.M. and Borthakur, D.N. 1968. Breeding of Asian field crops. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing.
Poehlman, J.M. and Borthakur, D.N. 1977. Breeding of Asian field crops. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing.
Poon, T.B., Pokhrel, A., Shrestha, S., Sharma, S.R., Sharma, K.R. and Dev, M.B.L. 2012. Influence of intervarietal and interspecific crosses on seed set of gladiolus under mid-hill environments of Dailekh condition. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 13(1): 17-24.
Pragya, J.K., Ranjan, B.L., Attri, B., Das, H.K. and Ahmed, N. 2010. Performance of gladiolus genotypes for cut flower and corm production under high altitude of Uttarakhand. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 67: 386-390.
Rahimi, V., Arab, M., Dianati, S.H. and Amiri, R. 2009. Evaluation of morphological diversity of local irises Iran. 6th Iranian Horticulture Science Congress, Rasht.
Randhawa, A.S., Minhas, A.S. and Singh, S. 1975 Genetic variability and correlation studies in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Research PAU, 12 (3): 213-217.
Randhawa, S. and Mukhopadhyay, S.P. 2000. Promising varieties of gladiolus for commercial floriculture. Haryana Journal of Horticulture Science, 24 (3-4): 197-203.
Ranjan, P., Bhat, K.V., Misra, R.L., Singh, S.K. and Ranjan, J.K. 2010. Relationship of Gladiolus cultivars inferred from fluorescence based on AFLP markers. Science of Horticulture, 123 (4): 562-567.
Roy, S.M., Thapliyal, R.C. and Phartyal, S.S. 2004. Seed source variation in cone, seed and seedling characteristic across the natural distribution of Himalayan low-level pine Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Silvae Genetica, 53 (3): 116-123.
Santos, E.A., Souza, M.M., Almeida, A.A.F., Freitas, J.C.O. and Lawinscky, P.R. 2011. Multivariate analysis of morphological characteristics of two species of passion flower with ornamental potential and of hybrids between them. Genetics and Molecular Research, 10 (4): 2457-2471.
Sarangi, D.K., Malla, G., Biswas, M.R. and Chattopachyayt, K. 1994. Studies on genetic variability in Gladiolus. Journal of Ornamental, 15 (2): 144-146.
Semenova, M.N. and Roshchina, V.V. 1993. Cholinesterase in anthers of higher plants. Soviet Plant Physiology, 40 (2): 221-224.
Singh, A.K. 2006. Gladiolus. In: Flower crops cultivation and management. Publishing Agency, Pitampura, New Delhi. p. 147-166.
Sukarin, W., Yamada, Y. and Sakaguchi, S. 1987. Characteristics of physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. as a new biomass crop in the tropics. Japan Agricultural Research, 20 (4): 302-303.
Takatsu, Y., Kasumi, M., Manabe, T. and Hayashi, M. 2001. Temperature effects on interspecific hybridization between G. grandiflora and G. tristis. HortScience, 36 (2): 341-343.
Taylor, A.G., Allen, T.S., Bennett, M.A., Burris, J.S. and Misra, M.K. 1998. Seed enhancement. Seed Science and Technology, 11: 301-305.
