Performance of Holstein Calves, Heifers and First-Lactating Cows Fed Starter Diets with Different Protein Levels and Types of Soybean Meal
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
م.ر. فروزان‌مهر
1
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
)
م. دانش-مسگران
2
(
گروه علوم دامی-دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد-مشهد-ایران
)
ع.ر. وکیلی
3
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
)
کلید واژه: Protein, growth, Milk, starter diet,
چکیده مقاله :
Holstein calves were fed pelleted starter diets with crude protein (CP) concentrations of 18%, 22% and 24% per dry matter (DM) containing soybean meal (SBM) (SBM18, SBM20 and SBM24), respectively, for 10 weeks from 14 days of age. Another diet with a CP concentration of 18% per DM was tested using commercial xylose-soybean meal (XSB; Yasminomax) instead of SBM. Each diet was fed to 24 calves and the feed consumption, nutrient intake, body weight (BW) gain, skeletal growth and selected blood metabolites were determined. Weaned animals were kept under observation for economic characteristics such as post-weaning (days 84 to 196) weight gain, withers height, weight at first heat, number of services per pregnancy and milk yield during first lactation. The average daily starter consumption was highest in calves fed SBM20. The average BW gain and total DM intake were highest in calves fed SBM20. Feed efficiency was highest in calves fed SBM24, but protein efficiency was highest in calves fed SBM20. A decreased blood glucose and increased blood insulin concentrations were observed in calves fed SBM18. Blood urea N and blood glucose were highest in calves fed SBM24. The service rate, age at first parturition and milk yield varied according to diet (p <0.001).
گوساله‌های نژاد هلشتاین با جیره‌های آغازین پلیت شده حاوی ۱۸، ۲۰ و ۲۴ درصد پروتئین خام بر پایه سویا و جیره آغازین دیگری حاوی ۱۸ درصد پروتئین خام بر پایه سویای فرآوری شده به جای سویای معمولی به مدت ۱۰ هفته از روز ۱۴ تغذیه شدند. هر جیره به تعداد ۲۴ رأس گوساله خورانده شد و مصرف خوراک، مصرف مواد مغذی، افزایش وزن روزانه، فاکتورهای رشد و متابولیت‌های انتخابی خون تعیین گردید. گوساله‌های ماده از شیرزده شده برای فاکتورهای اقتصادی از قبیل رشد پس از شیرگیری (روز ۸۴ تا ۱۹۶)، ارتفاع و وزن در اولین فحلی، تعداد تلقیح به ازای آبستنی و تولید شیر در اولین شکم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. میانگین مصرف روزانه در گوساله‌های که جیره آغازین با ۲۰ درصد پروتئین دریافت کرده بودند بیشتر بود. رشد روزانه در گوساله‌های که جیره آغازین با ۲۰ درصد پروتئین بر پایه سویا دریافت کرده بودند بیشتر بود. بهره‌وری غذا در گوساله‌های که جیره آغازین حاوی ۲۴ درصد پروتئین برپایه سویا دریافت کرده بودند بالاتر بود اما بهره‌وری پروتئین در گروه ۲۰ درصد پروتئین بر پایه سویا بهتر بود. گلوکز خون گوساله‌های که جیره آغازین با ۱۸ درصد پروتئین بر پایه سویا دریافت کرده بودند پایین‌تر و انسولین خون آنها بالاتر بود. خون گوساله‌های که جیره آغازین با ۲۴ درصد پروتئین بر پایه سویا دریافت کرده بودند دارای ازت اوره‌ای و گلوکز بالاتری بود. تعداد تلقیح به ازای آبستنی، سن در اولین زایش و تولید شیر بر طبق جیره‌ها متفاوت بود (0.001>P).
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