طراحی و پیاده‌سازی سامانه امنیتی نظارتی مبتنی بر الگوریتم YOLO و فناوری اینترنت اشیاء برپایه شبکه داده همراه
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق الکترونیک
محمدرضا مسائلی
1
,
سید محمدعلی زنجانی
2
1 - دانشکده مهندسي برق، واحد نجف¬آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف¬آباد، ايران
2 - دانشکده مهندسی برق، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
کلید واژه: سامانه تشخیص فعالیت¬های انسانی HAR, بینایی ماشین, مقابله با خشونت, صادرکردن و کمّی¬سازی, الگوریتم YOLO,
چکیده مقاله :
افزایش چشمگیر امنیت، بهره¬وری مقیاس¬پذیری، پاسخگویی سریع و قابلیت اطمینان از مزایای طراحی و پیاده‌سازی سامانه امنیتی نظارتی مبتنی بر الگوریتم YOLO و فناوری اینترنت اشیا، در مقایسه با روش‌های سنتی است. در این مقاله، به جنبه¬های ایجاد یک سامانه امنیتی نوین پرداخته می¬شود که با تشخیص پنج رده شامل انسان، سر انسان، تفنگ، چاقو و تشخیص سقوط، هشدار را فعال می¬کند. نظارت بر عملکرد سامانه، به‌صورت برخط است. این سامانه در هر نقطه به کمک شبکه داده تلفن همراه، قابلیت اتصال به اینترنت را دارد تا در صورت شناسایی تهدیدات، تصاویر را در پنل مدیریتی بارگذاری و گزارش آن را به کاربر ارسال کند. برای تعلیم اشیاء از الگوریتم YOLOv8 استفاده شده است تا از مزایایی مانند رابط خط فرمان کاربرپسند، پشتیبانی آن از شناسایی اشیاء، تقسیم‌بندی نمونه و طبقه‌بندی تصاویر بهره گیرد. برای افزایش سرعت پردازش، ضمن حفظ دقت، مدل بهینه‌سازی‌شده در بورد رزبری¬پای نسل چهارم استفاده شده است. واضح است که بهینه‌سازی سرعت پردازش و استفاده از تکنیک‌های کمّی‌سازی منجر به کاهش مصرف انرژی (سامانه انرژی سبز) و کاهش هزینه‌های عملیاتی سامانه می¬شود. به‌منظور بهبود سرعت مدل در فرایند تشخیص اشیاء، از تکنیک صادرکردن، کمّی¬سازی وزن‌های تعلیمی و افزایش فرکانس پردازنده (اورکلاک) استفاده می¬شود. مقایسه وزن‌های صادرشده جدید با وزن اصلی تعلیمی، در شاخص دقت و سرعت، بیانگر آن است که دو تکنیک صادرکردن و کمّی¬سازی، منجر به افزایش سرعت پردازش، به¬ازای کاهش دقت در تشخیص می¬شود. درنهایت، در مدل تعلیمی با روش‌های بهبود مطرح شده می¬توان به‌دقت متوسط mAP ≅ 0.67 با تعداد قابِ تصویر در ثانیه FPS ≅ 4.3 دست‌یافت.
The design and implementation of a surveillance security system based on the YOLO algorithm and Internet of Things (IoT) technology has significant advantages in terms of security, efficiency, scalability, rapid response, and reliability, compared to traditional methods. This paper discusses the aspects of creating a novel security system that activates an alert by detecting five categories: human, human head, gun, knife, and fall detection. The system is monitored online and can connect to the internet via a cellular data network at any location to upload images to the management panel and send a report to the user if threats are detected. The YOLOv8 algorithm is used for object training to take advantage of its user-friendly command line interface, object detection support, sample segmentation, and image classification capabilities. To increase processing speed while maintaining accuracy, the optimized model is deployed on the Raspberry Pi 4th generation board. It is clear that optimizing processing speed and using quantization techniques lead to reduced energy consumption (green energy system) and reduced operational costs of the system. To improve the speed of the model in the object detection process, the techniques of exporting, quantizing the training weights, and increasing the processor frequency (overclocking) are used. A comparison of the newly exported weights with the original training weights in terms of accuracy and speed shows that the two techniques of exporting and quantization lead to an increase in processing speed at the cost of a decrease in detection accuracy.Finally, in the training model with the proposed improvement methods, an average accuracy of mAP ≅ 0.67 with a frame rate of FPS ≅ 4.3 can be achieved.
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