ارزیابی تجمع فلزات سنگین در گونههایی از آبزیان (ماهیان کپور، سالمون، قزلآلا، شیر و میگوهای دریایی و تازه)
محورهای موضوعی : زیست شناسی
زهرا خوشدونی فراهانی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری علوم و صنایع غذایی، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: زنجیره‌های غذایی, آبزیان, جذب اتمی, فلزات سنگین,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: امروزه، فلزات سنگین از مهم‌ترین آلاینده‌های سمّی در محیط زیست آبی هستند و موجودات زنده و بالاخص آبزیان در معرض این آلاینده‌ها قرار دارند. این عناصر در آبزیان به عنوان پتانسیل تجمع زیستی و یک خطر جدی در زنجیره‌های غذایی انسان محسوب می‌شوند. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین در گونههایی از آبزیان صید شده از دریای خزر و جنوب بوده است. مواد و روش‌‌ها: اندازه‌گیری میزان فلزات سنگین سرب، کادمیوم و مس در شش‌گونه از آبزیان خوراکی براساس روش‌های استاندارد انجام شد. یافته‌‌ها: در مورد فلز جیوه بیشترین مقدار در ماهی شیر و کمترین مقدار در میگوی تازه تعیین شد. بیشترین میزان فلز سرب به ترتیب در میگوی دریایی و کمترین آن در ماهی کپور مشاهده گردید. میزان فلز کادمیوم نیز در مورد تمامی نمونه‌ها زیر حد قابل تشخیص توسط دستگاه بود. نتیجه‌گیری: تفاوت بین غلظت فلزات سنگین در بین گونه‌های مختلف آبزیان می‌تواند ناشی از تفاوت در ویژگی‌های بوم‌شناسی آبزیان باشد. میزان فلزات سنگین در اکثر نمونه‌های مورد بررسی پایین‌تر و یا نزدیک به استانداردهای جهانی است.
Introduction: Today, heavy metals are one of the most important toxic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, and living organisms and especially aquatic species are exposed to them. These elements in aquatic life are considered as potential bioaccumulation and a serious threat to human food chains. The aim was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in aquatic species caught from the Caspian and South Sea. Material and methods: Heavy metals of lead, cadmium and copper in six species of edible aquatic species were measured according to standard methods. Results: In the case of mercury metal, the highest amount was in barred mackerel and the lowest in fresh shrimp. The highest amount of lead metal was found in marine shrimp and the lowest in carp fish. The cadmium content of all samples was below the detection limit by device. Conclusion: Differences in the concentrations of heavy metals among different aquatic species can be due to differences in aquatic ecological characteristics. Overall, it can be said that the level of heavy metals in most of the samples studied is lower or close to world standards.
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Mashroofeh A, Bakhtiari AR, Pourkazemi M, Rasouli S. Bioaccumulation of Cd, Pb and Zn in the edible and inedible tissues of three sturgeon species in the Iranian coastline of the Caspian Sea. Chemosphere. 2013; 90(2): 573-580.
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Barreiro R, Real C, Carballeira A. Heavy metals in sediment cores from a NW Spain estuary. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 1994; 53(3): 368-373.
Carballeira A, Carral E, Puente X, Villares R. Regional-scale monitoring of coastal contam¡ nat¡ on. Nutrients and heavy metals in estuarine sediments and organisms on the coast of Galicia (northwest Spain). Environment and Pollution. 2000; 13: 534-572.
Rajaei Gh, Hasanpour M, Mehdi Nezhad M. Metal concentration heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd) in water and sediment in Gorganrood River. Health Care. 2013; 8(5): 80-94.
Jaffar M, Ashraf M, Rasool A. Heavy metal contents in some selected freshwater fish
and relevant waters. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 1988; 31:
189-193.
Kalay G, Kalay CR. Structure and physical property relationships in processed polybutene‐1. Journal of applied polymer science. 2003; 88(3): 814-824.
Pruvot C, Douay F, Hervé F, Waterlot C. Heavy metals in soil, crops and grass as a source of human exposure in the former mining areas (6 pp). Journal of soils and sediments. 2006; 6(4): 215-20.
Orian Sh, Tatina M, Gharibkhani M. The effects of oil pollution in the northern area of Persian Gulf on the concentration of Heavy metals (nickel, lead, cadmium and Vanadium) in the muscle tissue of fish (Pampus rgenteuss). Oceanography. 2001; 1(4): 61-68.
Saeidi M, Karbasi A, Nabi Bid Hendi Gh, Mehrdadi N. The effect of Human Activity on the Bioaccumulation of Heavy metals in the Tajan River in the Mazandaran Province. Ecology. 2007; 40: 41-50.
Alturiqi AS, Albedair LA. Evaluation of some heavy metals in certain fish, meat and meat products in Saudi Arabian markets. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2012; 38(1): 45-49.
Bakkali K, Martos NR, Souhail B, Ballesteros E. Characterization of trace metals in vegetables by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after closed vessel microwave digestion. Food Chemistry. 2009; 116(2): 590-594.
Nabulo G, Oryem-Origa H, Diamond M. Assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc contamination of roadside soils, surface films, and vegetables in Kampala City, Uganda. Environmental Research. 2006; 101(1): 42-52.
Gharaei A, Esmaili SA, Jafari SV. Bioaccumulation trends of methylmercuty (MeHg) in different tissues of Beluga (Huso huso Brandt, 1869). Iranian Journal of Biology. 2009; 4(22): 619-625. [In Persian]
Khoshnoud MJ, Mobini K, Javidnia K, Hosseinkhezri P, Aeen Jamshid K. Heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg) contents and fatty acids ratios in two fish species (Scomberomorus commerson and Otolithes ruber) of the Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011; 7(3): 191-196.
Shahryari A, Golfirozy K, Noshin Sh. Muscular concentration of cadmium and lead in carp, mullet and kutum of the Gorgan Bay, Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. 2010; 19(2): 95–100. [In Persian]
Yaghobzadeh Y, Hossein-Nezhad M, Asadi-Shiran G, Pourali M. An investigation of lead concentration in Rutilus frisii kutum form Caspian Sea case study of Bandar Anzali and Roodsar, Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 23(110): 102-108.
Hussein A, Khaled A. Determination of metals in tuna species and bivalves from Alexandria, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2014; 40(1): 9-17.
Metwally MA, Fouad IM. Biochemical changes induced by heavy metal pollution in marine fishes at Khomse Coast, Libya. Global veterinaria. 2008; 2(6): 308-311.
Najm M, Shokrzadeh M, Fakhar M, Sharif M, Hosseini SM, Rahimi Esboei B, Habibi F. Concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) in the tissues of Clupeonella cultriventris and Gasterosteus aculeatus from Babolsar coastal waters of Mazandaran Province, Caspian Sea. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 24(113):
185-192.
Tabari S, Saravi SS, Bandany GA, Dehghan A, Shokrzadeh M. Heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr) in fish, water and sediments sampled form Southern Caspian Sea, Iran. Toxicology and industrial health. 2010; 26(10): 649-656.
Mashroofeh A, Bakhtiari AR, Pourkazemi M, Rasouli S. Bioaccumulation of Cd, Pb and Zn in the edible and inedible tissues of three sturgeon species in the Iranian coastline of the Caspian Sea. Chemosphere. 2013; 90(2): 573-580.
Angelidis MO, Aloupi M. Metals in sediments of Rhodes harbour, Greece. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 1995; 31(4-12): 273-276.
Barreiro R, Real C, Carballeira A. Heavy metals in sediment cores from a NW Spain estuary. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 1994; 53(3): 368-373.
Carballeira A, Carral E, Puente X, Villares R. Regional-scale monitoring of coastal contam¡ nat¡ on. Nutrients and heavy metals in estuarine sediments and organisms on the coast of Galicia (northwest Spain). Environment and Pollution. 2000; 13: 534-572.
Rajaei Gh, Hasanpour M, Mehdi Nezhad M. Metal concentration heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd) in water and sediment in Gorganrood River. Health Care. 2013; 8(5): 80-94.
Jaffar M, Ashraf M, Rasool A. Heavy metal contents in some selected freshwater fish
and relevant waters. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 1988; 31:
189-193.
Kalay G, Kalay CR. Structure and physical property relationships in processed polybutene‐1. Journal of applied polymer science. 2003; 88(3): 814-824.
Pruvot C, Douay F, Hervé F, Waterlot C. Heavy metals in soil, crops and grass as a source of human exposure in the former mining areas (6 pp). Journal of soils and sediments. 2006; 6(4): 215-20.
Orian Sh, Tatina M, Gharibkhani M. The effects of oil pollution in the northern area of Persian Gulf on the concentration of Heavy metals (nickel, lead, cadmium and Vanadium) in the muscle tissue of fish (Pampus rgenteuss). Oceanography. 2001; 1(4): 61-68.
Saeidi M, Karbasi A, Nabi Bid Hendi Gh, Mehrdadi N. The effect of Human Activity on the Bioaccumulation of Heavy metals in the Tajan River in the Mazandaran Province. Ecology. 2007; 40: 41-50.
Alturiqi AS, Albedair LA. Evaluation of some heavy metals in certain fish, meat and meat products in Saudi Arabian markets. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2012; 38(1): 45-49.
Bakkali K, Martos NR, Souhail B, Ballesteros E. Characterization of trace metals in vegetables by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after closed vessel microwave digestion. Food Chemistry. 2009; 116(2): 590-594.
Nabulo G, Oryem-Origa H, Diamond M. Assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc contamination of roadside soils, surface films, and vegetables in Kampala City, Uganda. Environmental Research. 2006; 101(1): 42-52.
Gharaei A, Esmaili SA, Jafari SV. Bioaccumulation trends of methylmercuty (MeHg) in different tissues of Beluga (Huso huso Brandt, 1869). Iranian Journal of Biology. 2009; 4(22): 619-625. [In Persian]
Khoshnoud MJ, Mobini K, Javidnia K, Hosseinkhezri P, Aeen Jamshid K. Heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg) contents and fatty acids ratios in two fish species (Scomberomorus commerson and Otolithes ruber) of the Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011; 7(3): 191-196.
Shahryari A, Golfirozy K, Noshin Sh. Muscular concentration of cadmium and lead in carp, mullet and kutum of the Gorgan Bay, Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. 2010; 19(2): 95–100. [In Persian]
Yaghobzadeh Y, Hossein-Nezhad M, Asadi-Shiran G, Pourali M. An investigation of lead concentration in Rutilus frisii kutum form Caspian Sea case study of Bandar Anzali and Roodsar, Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 23(110): 102-108.
Hussein A, Khaled A. Determination of metals in tuna species and bivalves from Alexandria, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2014; 40(1): 9-17.
Metwally MA, Fouad IM. Biochemical changes induced by heavy metal pollution in marine fishes at Khomse Coast, Libya. Global veterinaria. 2008; 2(6): 308-311.
Najm M, Shokrzadeh M, Fakhar M, Sharif M, Hosseini SM, Rahimi Esboei B, Habibi F. Concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) in the tissues of Clupeonella cultriventris and Gasterosteus aculeatus from Babolsar coastal waters of Mazandaran Province, Caspian Sea. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 24(113):
185-192.