اثر سطوح نيتروژن و نسبت‌هاي کاشت بر عملکرد کشت مخلوط ذرت و آفتابگردان در شرايط خوزستان

محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي

سيد نادر موسويان ¹

1 - دانشگاه پيام نور؛ تهران

تاریخ دریافت : 1389/05/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1390/04/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1389/04/03

کلید واژه: آفتابگردان, ذرت, کشت مخلوط, ضريب نسبي تراكم , نسبت برابري زمين, نيتروژن.,

چکیده مقاله :

برای بررسي اثر سطوح نيتروژن و نسبت‌هاي کاشت بر عملکرد کشت مخلوط ذرت و آفتابگردان، آزمايشي به صورت کرت هاي يک بار خرد شده، در قالب طرح بلوک هاي کامل تصادفي با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شوشتر در سال 1384 اجرا شد. تيمارهاي آزمايشي شامل مقادير مختلف نيتروژن (50، 100 و 150 کيلوگرم نيتروژن در هکتار از منبع اوره) به عنوان کرت‏هاي اصلي و نسبت‌هاي اختلاط ذرت و آفتابگردان به عنوان کرت هاي فرعي در نظر گرفته شدند. نسبت‌هاي اختلاط شامل S1 (100 درصد آفتابگردان)، S2 (25 درصد ذرت و 75 درصد آفتابگردان)، S3 (50 درصد ذرت و 50 درصد آفتابگردان)، S4 (75 درصد ذرت و 25 درصدآفتابگردان) و S5 (100 درصد ذرت) بودند. نتايج نشان داد كه عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان، عملکرد دانه ذرت، مجموع عملکرد دو گياه، وزن هزاردانه و درصد روغن دانه آفتابگردان به طور معني‌داري تحت تأثير سطوح مختلف نيتروژن و نسبت‌هاي اختلاط قرار گرفتند. اما وزن هزاردانه ذرت و تعداد دانه در بلال معني‌دار نگرديد. بيشترين عملکرد دانه براي آفتابگردان و ذرت به ترتيب به ترکیب های تیماری N2S1 و N3S5 با 462 و 1319 گرم در متر مربع اختصاص داشت. بيشترين و كمترين شاخص نسبت برابري زمين (LER) به ترتيب مربوط به تركيب تيماري N2S2 و N3S4 به ميزان 85/1 و 08/1 بود. علاوه بر اين ضريب نسبي تراكم (K) مشخص نمود كه كمترين و بيشترين مقدار اين شاخص به تركيب تيماري N3S4 و N3S2 به ترتيب به ميزان 2/0 و 2/7 تعلق داشت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangements keeping different nitrogen rates, (50, 100 and 150 kg from urea resource) as main plots and various rates of intercropping corn-sunflower as sub plots with three replications. The intercropping treatments were S1 (100% sunflower), S2 (25% corn plus 75% sunflower), S3 (50% corn plus 50% sunflower), S4 (75% corn plus 25% sunflower) and S5 (100% corn). The results of the study indicated that seed yield of sunflower and grain yield of corn, total yield of sunflower and corn, 1000-seed weight and oil percentage of sunflower were significant. But 1000-grain weight and the grain number per pod wasn’t significant. The highest grain yield observed in N2S1 and N3S5 for sunflower and corn, was respectively (462 and 1319 per gr.m-2). In intercropping got the highest and the lowest seed yield of sunflower to pure stand and in S3, and at corn got to pure stand and in S4, respectively. An increase in nitrogen proportion raised the land equivalent ratio (LER). The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio for grain yield were observed in hybrid levels of S4 and S3, respectively. The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER) were relevant to N1S2 and N3S4 (1.85 and 1.08, respectively). In addition, the highest and the lowest relative crowding coefficient (K) were relevant to N3S4 and N3S2 (0.2 and 7.2, respectively).

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