بررسی تنوع و جمعیت پرندگان خشکی زی حاشیه تالاب میانگران در دو فصل زمستان و بهار
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی ، فلور، تنوع زیستی
بهروز بهروزی راد
1
(محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
عضو هیئت علمی)
کلید واژه: جمعیت, پرندگان خشکی زی, تنوع گونه, تالاب میانگران,
چکیده مقاله :
در این بررسی 32 گونه پرنده خشکی زی، از 17 تیره در حاشیه تالاب میانگران شناسایی شد. شناسایی پرندگان هرماه یک روز از دی‌ماه سال 1395 تا پایان خردادماه سال 1396 با پیاده‌روی در حاشیه تالاب با دوربین چشمی 10×40 زایس و تلسکوپ 15×60 به روش مشاهده مستقیم و تمام شماری Total count با هدف بیان اهمیت بوم سازگان تالابی میانگران برای پرندگان خشکی زی انجام‌شده است. درمجموع 1643 پرنده خشکی زی شمارش شد که بیشترین تعداد در بهمن‌ماه 386 قطعه و کمترین تعداد در خردادماه 209 قطعه و بیشترین جمعیت پرندگان 970 قطعه در زمستان و کمترین جمعیت در بهار 673 پرنده شمارش‌شده است. بیشترین یکنواختی در اسفندماه (691/0) و کمترین یکنواختی در خردادماه (448/0) بود. بیشترین تنوع گونه‌ای مارگالف، شانون، و منهینیک در اسفندماه به ترتیب 926/4، 807/1 و 854/2 بود. تنوع β ویتاکر، هریسون و ویلیام در بین دو فصل زمستان و بهار صفر بود. ضریب تشابه بین جامعه پرندگان خشکی زی در دو فصل زمستان و بهار 5/95 درصد و تفاوت اقلیدسی 22/125 بود. آزمون t نشان داد تفاوت معنی‌داری بین جمعیت و تعداد گونه در دو فصل بهار و زمستان باحدود اطمینان 95 درصد وجود ندارد. این بررسی نشان داد نقش تالاب میانگران برای تامین زیستگاه برای پرندگان خشکی زی نیز دارای اهمیت است و بایستی در مدیریت و حفاظت آن مورد توجه قرار گیرند.
In this study, 32 bird species from 17 families on the margin of Miangharan wetland were identified. The identification of birds carried out every month in a day from December 2017 to the end of June 2017 by walking along the edge of the Miangharan marsh with the camera and the telescope through direct observation and the total count method. A total of 1,643 birds was counted, with the highest number in February of 386, and the lowest number in June was 209 individuals, and the highest number of birds was 970 in the winter and the lowest population in the spring of 673 birds. The similarity coefficient between the community of terrestrial birds in winter and spring was 95.5% and Euclidean difference was 125.22. The highest evenness was observed in March (0.691) and the lowest evenness was in June (0.448). The most diversity of Margalf, Shannon, and Menhinink were in March, 926/4, 807/1 and 854/2 respectively. Diversity of Whitaker, Harrison and William were zero in between winter and spring bird communities. The t-test showed that there was no significant difference between population and the number of species in both spring and winter seasons with 95% confidence. These studies have shown that the Miangharan wetland, in addition to protecting and maintaining waterbirds in the winter, is also important for the conservation and provides habitats for terrestrial birds and should be considered in its management.
References
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diversity of water birds in wetland areas of Yankari National Park, Bauchi,
State, Nigeria. Environmental Research Journal 2 (1): 28 – 32.
2. Amat, J.A. &A. J. Green,. 2010. Waterbirds as bioindicators of environmental conditions. Conservation monitoring in freshwater habitat, a practical guide and case studies, edited by Hurford, C., Schneider, M. & Cown, I., Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New Yourk. 421p.
3. Aynalem. S.H., & A. Bekele. 2008. Species composition, relative abundance and distribution of bird fauna of riverine and wetland habitats of Infranz and Yiganda at Southern tip of Lake Tana, Ethiopia, Tropical Ecology 49(2): 199-209.
4. Behrouzi-Rad. B. 2014. Waterbirds population, species diversity and similarity fluctuation in relation to water pollution in Miangaran Wetland in south of Iran. International Journal of Marine Science. Vol. 2, No. 12: 1-5.
5. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2008. Wetlands of Iran. Department of geography of Iranian
Army, pp 239-312 (In Persian).
6. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2012. Seasonal identification and comparison of the diversity and density of water birds in Kolahi and Tiab the strait of Hormuz. Iournal of Environmental Sciences No3:113-126(In Persian).
7. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2012. The effect of some water quality factors on the species diversity and water bird population in Miangaran watland. Presented at the 6th national conference on the international day of the environment, Tehran University, 14-16 June (In Persian).
8. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2016. The environmental challenges of Iran's wetlands and wildlife environment and their preservation strategies, presented at the first international conference on natural hazards and environmental crises in Iran, solutions and challenges, Tehran (In Persian).
9. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2016. Investigating the effect of water loss in Lake Urmia on the composition of the population and variation of water birds of the Kani-Bazan wetland in 1995, 2005 and 2015. Environmental studies, Vol. 7, No. 41: 59 -70. (In Persian).
10. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2017. A study on the community structure and variety of water birds of Shohada Ramshyer Dam in the winter and spring, Journal of Zoological Environment, Vol. 9, No. 2: 87-98 (In Persian).
11. Boyd, l. 2001. Buffer zones and beyond: wildlife use of wetland buffer zones and their protection under the Massachusetts protection act, Massachusetts publication, 191 pp.
12. Evans, M.I. 1994. Important Birds Area in the Middle East, Birdlife International, Cambridge. 65-158p
13. Hammer, H.Ø., 2012. Paleontological Statistics, Version 2104, natural history museum, University of Oslo 411p.
14. Hussien, M.E. 2015. Waterbirds of Sinnar Dam Reservoir. Pollutant fish wildlife Science. Vol. 2: 29-49.
15. Iranian Birds Register Committee, 2017. List of birds of Iran. Accessible on the site: http://www.iranbirdrecords.blog.ir
16. Khuzestan Water and Power Organization, 2000. Summary report on the status of Izeh wetlands, provincial planning management. Khouzestan water and power Organization, 150 p (In Persian).
17. Khaleghizadeh, A. & B. Behrouzi-Rad, 2000. Investigation of monthly variability and density of water birds in Selke wetland. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, Vol. 55, No. 2: 253-260 (In Persian).
18. Khalilipour, A. S.M. Nabavi, & B. Behrouzi-Rad, 2005. Investigating changes in the diversity and abundance of water birds in the southern Khazar wetlands, Environmental Sciences, Volume 30, No. 36: 41-50 (In Persian).
19. Kariminejad, J., Behrouzi-Rad, B.,& A. Hussin-Al-Hashemi, 2016. Investigating pollution caused by agricultural activities in Shadegan Marsh with birds index, Journal of Science, Research and Educational Green Wave55: 3-10.
20. Kiabi, B.H., & H. Magnonian, 2008. Activity report No. 3, wetlands validation, Dep. of The Environmental, Unpublished. 25 p (In Persian).
21. Marques, J. C., Salas, F., Patricio, J., Teixeira, H. & J. M. Neto, 2009. Ecological indicators for coastal and estuarine environmental assessment. A user guide. Wit press.183: 34-50.
22. Pillisson, J. M., S. Reeber, & L. Marion, 2002. Bird assemblages as bioindicators of water regime management and hunting disturbance in natural wet grasslands. Jpournal of Biologic Conservation, Vol. 106: 115-127.
23. Ramsar Convention Secretariat.2004. Ramsar handbooks for the wise use of wetlands. 2nd edition. Ramsar Convention Secretariat: Gland, Switzerland, 160 p.
24. Rotenberry, T. 1985. The role of habitat in avian community composition. physiognomy or floristics? Oecologia. Vol. 02, No. 4: 402-402.
25. Simpson, E. H. 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature 163: 688-698.
26. Shannon, C. E. & W. Weaver, 1963. The mathematical theory of communication, Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. 144p.
27. Sepidnameh, Z. 2009. Comparison of variety of water birds and their dependence on different parts of the Izeh wetland in four seasons, Master's Degree, Islamic Azad University, Khouzestan Science and Research Branch, 165P (In Persian).
28. Sepehrinia, S., & B. Behrouzi-Rad, 2001. The Importance of Band-e-Ali Khan wetland for the conservation of birds. Journal of Environmental Studies No. 44:19-25 (In Persian).
29. Shayankia, S., 2007. Identification and study of biodiversity of Gavkhoni water birds for comparison with Ramsar Convention criteria, Master's Degree, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Khuzestan. 125 PP. (In Persian).
30. Yousefian, S., M., S. Nabavi, & B. Behrouzi-Rad, 2001. Determination of Density, Distribution and Variety of water birds in Shadegan Marsh, Journal of Environment, No. 38: 116-109 (In Persian).
31. Yazdani, S. 2010. Investigation of Waterbirds in Polluted and non-poluuted part of Shadeghan marsh. Science and Research Branch of Khuzestan, 165pp(In Persian)
32. Zakaria. M., M.N. Rajparand, & A. Sajap. 2009. Species diversity and feeding guilds of birds in Paya Indah Wetland Reserve, Peninsular malayisa, International Journal of Zoological Research 38(2):120-128.
_||_References
1. Akosim, C., A. A. Isa, & B. T. K. waga, 2008. Species absolute population and
diversity of water birds in wetland areas of Yankari National Park, Bauchi,
State, Nigeria. Environmental Research Journal 2 (1): 28 – 32.
2. Amat, J.A. &A. J. Green,. 2010. Waterbirds as bioindicators of environmental conditions. Conservation monitoring in freshwater habitat, a practical guide and case studies, edited by Hurford, C., Schneider, M. & Cown, I., Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New Yourk. 421p.
3. Aynalem. S.H., & A. Bekele. 2008. Species composition, relative abundance and distribution of bird fauna of riverine and wetland habitats of Infranz and Yiganda at Southern tip of Lake Tana, Ethiopia, Tropical Ecology 49(2): 199-209.
4. Behrouzi-Rad. B. 2014. Waterbirds population, species diversity and similarity fluctuation in relation to water pollution in Miangaran Wetland in south of Iran. International Journal of Marine Science. Vol. 2, No. 12: 1-5.
5. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2008. Wetlands of Iran. Department of geography of Iranian
Army, pp 239-312 (In Persian).
6. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2012. Seasonal identification and comparison of the diversity and density of water birds in Kolahi and Tiab the strait of Hormuz. Iournal of Environmental Sciences No3:113-126(In Persian).
7. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2012. The effect of some water quality factors on the species diversity and water bird population in Miangaran watland. Presented at the 6th national conference on the international day of the environment, Tehran University, 14-16 June (In Persian).
8. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2016. The environmental challenges of Iran's wetlands and wildlife environment and their preservation strategies, presented at the first international conference on natural hazards and environmental crises in Iran, solutions and challenges, Tehran (In Persian).
9. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2016. Investigating the effect of water loss in Lake Urmia on the composition of the population and variation of water birds of the Kani-Bazan wetland in 1995, 2005 and 2015. Environmental studies, Vol. 7, No. 41: 59 -70. (In Persian).
10. Behrouzi-Rad, B. 2017. A study on the community structure and variety of water birds of Shohada Ramshyer Dam in the winter and spring, Journal of Zoological Environment, Vol. 9, No. 2: 87-98 (In Persian).
11. Boyd, l. 2001. Buffer zones and beyond: wildlife use of wetland buffer zones and their protection under the Massachusetts protection act, Massachusetts publication, 191 pp.
12. Evans, M.I. 1994. Important Birds Area in the Middle East, Birdlife International, Cambridge. 65-158p
13. Hammer, H.Ø., 2012. Paleontological Statistics, Version 2104, natural history museum, University of Oslo 411p.
14. Hussien, M.E. 2015. Waterbirds of Sinnar Dam Reservoir. Pollutant fish wildlife Science. Vol. 2: 29-49.
15. Iranian Birds Register Committee, 2017. List of birds of Iran. Accessible on the site: http://www.iranbirdrecords.blog.ir
16. Khuzestan Water and Power Organization, 2000. Summary report on the status of Izeh wetlands, provincial planning management. Khouzestan water and power Organization, 150 p (In Persian).
17. Khaleghizadeh, A. & B. Behrouzi-Rad, 2000. Investigation of monthly variability and density of water birds in Selke wetland. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, Vol. 55, No. 2: 253-260 (In Persian).
18. Khalilipour, A. S.M. Nabavi, & B. Behrouzi-Rad, 2005. Investigating changes in the diversity and abundance of water birds in the southern Khazar wetlands, Environmental Sciences, Volume 30, No. 36: 41-50 (In Persian).
19. Kariminejad, J., Behrouzi-Rad, B.,& A. Hussin-Al-Hashemi, 2016. Investigating pollution caused by agricultural activities in Shadegan Marsh with birds index, Journal of Science, Research and Educational Green Wave55: 3-10.
20. Kiabi, B.H., & H. Magnonian, 2008. Activity report No. 3, wetlands validation, Dep. of The Environmental, Unpublished. 25 p (In Persian).
21. Marques, J. C., Salas, F., Patricio, J., Teixeira, H. & J. M. Neto, 2009. Ecological indicators for coastal and estuarine environmental assessment. A user guide. Wit press.183: 34-50.
22. Pillisson, J. M., S. Reeber, & L. Marion, 2002. Bird assemblages as bioindicators of water regime management and hunting disturbance in natural wet grasslands. Jpournal of Biologic Conservation, Vol. 106: 115-127.
23. Ramsar Convention Secretariat.2004. Ramsar handbooks for the wise use of wetlands. 2nd edition. Ramsar Convention Secretariat: Gland, Switzerland, 160 p.
24. Rotenberry, T. 1985. The role of habitat in avian community composition. physiognomy or floristics? Oecologia. Vol. 02, No. 4: 402-402.
25. Simpson, E. H. 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature 163: 688-698.
26. Shannon, C. E. & W. Weaver, 1963. The mathematical theory of communication, Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. 144p.
27. Sepidnameh, Z. 2009. Comparison of variety of water birds and their dependence on different parts of the Izeh wetland in four seasons, Master's Degree, Islamic Azad University, Khouzestan Science and Research Branch, 165P (In Persian).
28. Sepehrinia, S., & B. Behrouzi-Rad, 2001. The Importance of Band-e-Ali Khan wetland for the conservation of birds. Journal of Environmental Studies No. 44:19-25 (In Persian).
29. Shayankia, S., 2007. Identification and study of biodiversity of Gavkhoni water birds for comparison with Ramsar Convention criteria, Master's Degree, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Khuzestan. 125 PP. (In Persian).
30. Yousefian, S., M., S. Nabavi, & B. Behrouzi-Rad, 2001. Determination of Density, Distribution and Variety of water birds in Shadegan Marsh, Journal of Environment, No. 38: 116-109 (In Persian).
31. Yazdani, S. 2010. Investigation of Waterbirds in Polluted and non-poluuted part of Shadeghan marsh. Science and Research Branch of Khuzestan, 165pp(In Persian)
32. Zakaria. M., M.N. Rajparand, & A. Sajap. 2009. Species diversity and feeding guilds of birds in Paya Indah Wetland Reserve, Peninsular malayisa, International Journal of Zoological Research 38(2):120-128.