Simulation and analysis of electromagnetic fields resulting from lightning in the proximity of watercraft using Maxwell v.15 software

Subject Areas : Majlesi Journal of Telecommunication Devices

Shahrouz Nasiri ¹ , Mehdi Tabasi ² , Alireza Bakhshinejhad ³

1 - Department of electrical engineering, Sowmesara branch, Islamic Azad University, Sowmesara Iran, Islamic Republic of
2 - Department of electrical engineering, Sowmesara branch, Islamic Azad University, Sowmesara Iran, Islamic Republic of
3 - Department of electrical engineering, Sowmesara branch, Islamic Azad University, Sowmesara Iran, Islamic Republic of

Received: 2017-11-24 Accepted : 2017-12-03 Published : 2017-12-01

Keywords: Sea, Maxwell, Electromagnetic field, watercraft, lightning,

Abstract :

Strike of lightnings with sea, due to the high conductivity of salty water creates more extreme electromagnetic fields in comparison with lightnings in land. This paper deals with analysis and simulation of electromagnetic fields resulting from lightning in the proximity of a watercraft in sea and its effect on the equipment on the watercraft. The magnitude of electric and magnetic fields is first calculated using Uman integral equations to calculate the electric field resulting from a limited current channel on a perfect conductor. To solve the field integrals, dual precision exponential model was used for the lightning’s current. Due to limitations of the solution of field integrals, parametric analysis is difficult. For this reason, the lightning channel and watercraft model was simulated in Maxwell software and the obtained fields were compared with the results of integral solution. Considering the closeness of integral and simulation results, with alteration of the peak lightning current and its distance off the watercraft, the field sensitivity to these variables was measured and the results of parametric analysis have been presented for different parts of the watercraft.

References:

[1] S. Zheng, D. Hou. Q. Liu and F. Deng, “Electromagnetic Pulse Threats to Electronic Information system and Corresponding Protection Measures,” Proceedings 2011 4th IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, Nov. 2011.

[2] M.J. Master and M.A. Uman, “Lightning induced voltages on power lines: theory,” IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. PAS-103, pp. 2502-2518, 1984.

[3] M. Rubinstein, “An approximate formula for the calculation of the horizontal electric field from lightning at close, intermediate and long ranges,” IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat., vol. 38, pp. 531-535, 1996.

[4] V. Cooray, “Some considerations on the" Cooray-Rubinstein" formulation used in deriving the horizontal electric field of lightning return strokes over finitely conducting ground,” IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat., vol. 44, pp. 560-566, 2002.

[5] P. D. Kannu and M. J. Thomas, “Influence of lightning electric field components on the induced voltages on a power distribution line,” Electric Power Systems Research., vol. 64, pp. 247-255, 2003.

[6] A. Shoory, R. Moini, S.H.H. Sadeghi and V.A. Rakov, “Analysis of lightning-radiated electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of lossy ground,” IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat., vol. 47, pp. 131-145, 2005.

[7] Ming, Y. and V. Cooray, “Propagation effects caused by a rough ocean surface on the electromagnetic fields generated by lightning return strokes,” Radio Sci., vol. 29, pp. 73-85, 1994.

[8] M. Uman, D. K. McLain, and E. P. Krider, “The electromagnetic radiation from a finite antenna,” Am. J. Phys, vol. 43, pp. 33-38, 1975.

[9] J. Wang and Z. Xiaoqing, “Double-exponential expression of lightning cuRent waveforms, Envir. Electromag.,” The 2006 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on. IEEE, (320-323), 2006.

[10] Z. Sheng-quan, H. Dong-yun, D. Feng and W. Dong-dong, “Lightning Menace to Ship and Corresponding Protection Design Requirements,” 2014 3rd Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Nov. 2014.

[11] D. R. Poelman, W. Schulz, G. Diendorfer and M. Bernardi, “European cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics,” 2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China, 2014.

[12] K. Yamamoto, T. Nakashima, S. Sumi and A. Ametani, “About 100 Years Survey of the Surface Temperatures of Japan Sea and Lightning Days along the Coast,” 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), September 2016.

[13] Jorge A. Cristancho C., John J. Pantoja, C. Rivera and F. Roman, “Analysis of two nonfatal lightning accidents in Colombia,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 153, pp. 159-169, 2016.

[14] E. P. Nicolopoulou, A. C. Alexandrou, M. F. Georgopoulos, D. E. Vatistas, I. F. Gonos and I. A. Stathopulos, “Investigation of lightning incidence on ships,” 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), September 2016.

[15] K. Sheshyekani and J. Paknahad, “The Effect of an Ocean-Land Mixed Propagation Path on the Lightning Electromagnetic Fields and Their Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery., vol. 30, pp. 229-236, 2015.

[16] E. P. Nicolopoulou, I. F. Gonos and I. A. Stathopulos, “Lightning shielding analysis on ships,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification., vol. 3, pp. 779-791, 2017.

[17] J. R. Dwyera and M. A. Umanb, “The physics of lightning,” Physics Reports, vol. 534, pp. 147-241, 2014.

[18] V. Cooray, M. Fernando, T. Sörensen and T. Götschl, “A. Pedersen, Propagation of lightning generated transient electromagnetic fields over finitely conducting ground,” Journal of Atm. & Solar-TeRestr. Physics, vol. 62, pp. 583-600, 2000.

[19] Παπούτσογλου, Θεόδωρος Γ., and Theodoros G. Papoutsoglou. “A Cold Ironing Study on Modern Ports, Implementation and Benefits Thriving for Worldwide Ports,” School of Naval Archit. & Marine Eng., National Tech. Univ. of Athens, 2012.