بررسی و تحلیل عوامل بازدارنده اشتغال زنان روستایی در شهرستان کاشمر
محورهای موضوعی : زن و جامعهسید امیر محمد علوی زاده 1 , علی شمس الدینی 2 , فاطمه حسینی 3
1 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران.
3 - کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: تحلیل عاملی, عوامل بازدارنده, موانع, اشتغال زنان, کاشمر,
چکیده مقاله :
زنان از نظر اشتغال در مقام مقایسه با مردان، در یک حالت نا متعادل هستند. این امر از عوامل و موانع زیادی ناشی میشود. گستردگی دامنه موانع اشتغال زنان نشان میدهد که جز با برنامه‌ریزی یکپارچه و اصولی و تلاش گسترده در سطح ملی، نمیتوان به بهبود وضعیت اشتغال زنان خوش‌بین بود. بدین ترتیب، در این پژوهش در پی شناخت موانع فراروی اشتغال زنان روستایی در دهستان بالاولایت شهرستان کاشمر هستیم. اینپژوهش به لحاظ روش از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی بوده و دادهها به روش میدانی با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه گردآوری شدهاند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از تحلیل عاملی و آزمون فریدمن (Spss)، استفاده شد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را تمامی زنان روستایی در سن فعالیت دهستان بالاولایت شهرستان کاشمر( 10194 نفر) تشکیل میدهند که از این جامعه تعداد 370 نفر از روش فرمول کوکران به عنوان حجم نمونه تعیین شدند.براساس نتایج تحلیل عاملی، 8 عامل نهایی تبیین شدند، که در مجموع توانستهاند 314/60 درصد از واریانس تمامی متغیرهای پژوهش را تبیین کنند. عامل سیاستگذاری بیش‌ترین واریانس (189/9) و عامل روان‌شناختی کمترین واریانس را دارا میباشند. هم‌چنین، از بین موانع مؤثر بر اشتغال زنان روستایی بعد فرهنگی با میانگین 24/4 بیش‌ترین تاثیرگذاری را داشته و شاخصهای «نداشتن پشتوانه مالی و پس انداز کافی»، «پایین بودن سطح سواد زنان روستایی» و «وظایف زیاد زنان در خانه» با میانگین 26/19، 04/18 و 24/17 به عنوان اثرگذارترین موانع اشتغال زنان در این دهستان شناخته شدهاند. بدین ترتیب میتوان گفت که رفع این موانع با برنامهریزیهای متنوع به وسیله مسئولان، به اشتغال هرچه بیش‌تر زنان روستایی کمک خواهد کرد.
The employment of women in comparison with men exists in an unstable state. This results from a number of factors and obstacles. The large extent of obstacles in women’s employment shows that the only optimistic solution for the improvement of women’s employment is implementing an integrated and systematic planning and making extensive efforts at the national level. Therefore, this study discusses the obstacles for employment of the rural women in Balavelayat village located in Kashmar city. This is a descriptive - analytical study by use of a survey method and a questionnaire for data collection. Factor analysis and Friedman test is used for data analysis. The statistical population of this study included all rural women who were in their activity age (10194 people) in Balavelayat village of whom 370 people were selected as a sample by Cochran’s formula. Based on the results of the factor analysis, eight final factors were determined which could explain 60.314 percent of the variance of all research variables. The policy-making factor (9.189) and psychological factor were respectively the highest and the lowest variances. Cultural factors with an average of 4.24 percent were the most effective factors and “lack of adequate funding and saving”, “the low level of education of rural women” and “women’s heavy duty at home” indicators with the average of 19.26, 18.04 and 17.24 respectively were considered as the most effective obstacles for the employment of women in this village. Therefore, removing these obstacles by implementing the various plans presented by authorities is effective in the higher employment of rural women.
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