عوامل موثر بر احتمال طلاق در ایران با استفاده از روش داده های شبه تابلویی
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
1 - استاد/دانشگاه مازندران
کلید واژه: طلاق, مدل لاجیت, استانهای ایران, دادههای شبهتابلویی, ریز دادههای طرح هزینه درآمد خانوار,
چکیده مقاله :
طلاق، زنگ خطر جدی است که هزینه بهسامان سازی آن بیش از هزینههای مقابله با پیامدهای اجتماعی- اقتصادی و سیاسی آن است. از اینرو، بررسی علل و پیامد آن و راههای برونرفت از آن باید در برنامههای سیاستگذاران کلان کشور باشد. در این مقاله صرفا با هدف درک بهتر از ارتباط میان آموزش و اشتغال زنان با طلاق، عوامل اقتصادی اجتماعی موثر بر طلاق در سطح استانهای ایران با استفاده از ریزدادههای طرح هزینه-درآمد خانوار شهری در سال ۱۳۹۳ و کاربرد روش دادههای شبهتابلویی بررسی شدهاست. دادههای اولیه شامل 18885 خانوار شهری بودهاست که در مرحله اول زیر بخشی از دادهها شامل سرپرستان خانوار مرد و زنِ مطلقه و متاهل (۱۶۵۰۳ مشاهده) انتخاب و در سطح استانها دستهبندی شدند. براساس دادههای اولیه و دستهبندی شده، توصیف دادهای صورت گرفت. در مرحله بعد با روش دادههای شبهتابلویی دیتون(۱۹۸۵) و قزوانی و گواید(2001)، مدل تحقیق با لحاظ سن و سواد سرپرست خانوار با تاکید بر آموزش و اشتغال زنان، اندازه و درآمد خانوار، شاغل بودن سرپرست خانوار، به روش حداکثر درستنمایی برآورد گردید. براساس نتایج حاصل از برآورد، اندازه خانوار، اشتغال سرپرست خانوار و با سوادی او و درآمد خانوار احتمال طلاق را کاهش میدهد در حالیکه اثر تحصیلات عالی برای زنان و اشتغال آنان بر احتمال طلاق مثبت بودهاست. همچنن رابطه سن و طلاق U وارونه است. یعنی در سالهای اولیه زندگی مشترک و سالهای انتهایی آن، احتمال طلاق کمتر از سالهای میانی زندگی سرپرست خانوار است.
In this paper, with the purpose of better understanding of the relationship between education and the employment of women with their divorce, the socio-economic factors which affect on divorce are investigated in the provinces of Iran by using the micro data of Household Expenditure and Income Survey in 2014 which covers 18885 households and the application of pseudo-panel data method. At first step, a subset of the data was collected include male and female who were divorced or married (16503 breadwinner) and categorized them on the base of the provinces. Data was analyzed based on the initial classification. Then On the base of Deaton(1985), and Goaed and Ghazouani (2001) the logit model of this research with pseudo-panel data and including explanatory variables; household size, the occupation of the head and his/her literacy and household income, age and age square of head, with emphasis of female education and occupation; was regressed by using the Maximum Likelihood method.
On the base of results, household size, the occupation of the head and his/her literacy and household income reduces the probability of divorce, while the effect of women's higher education on the probability of divorce is positive. Also, the relationship between age and divorce is U inverted. It means in the early years of their household common life, and in the latter years, the probability of divorce is less than the average age of the head of household.
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