واکاوی نگرش و زمینه شکل‌گیری واژه فمینیسم در دانشجویان دختر
محورهای موضوعی : جامعه شناسی
افسانه توسلی
1
,
زهرا میرحسینی
2
,
معصومه کمالی
3
1 - دانشیار، گروه مطالعات زنان و خانواده، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهراء، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه مطالعات زنان و خانواده، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهراء، تهران، ایران.
3 - کارشناسی ارشد گروه مطالعات زنان و خانواده، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهراء، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: دانشجویان دختر, فمینیسم, نگرش,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر واکاوی نگرش و زمینه شکل‌گیری واژه فمینسیم در دانشجویان دختر بود. جامعه پژوهش کلیه دانشجویان دختر کشور می‌با‌شد. نمونه پژوهش 15 نفر بود که به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. روش پژوهش، تحقیق کیفی و انجام مطالعات پدیدارشناسانه بود. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه نیمه‌عمیق و نیمه‌ساختاریافته جمع‌آوری شد و سه مقوله اصلی و 10مقولۀ فرعی استخراج شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد: واژه فمینیسم دارای مفاهیم متعدد و رویکردهای متفاوت است. با توجه به زمینه‌های خانوادگی و اجتماعی هر فرد و کلیشه‌های جنسیتی هر جامعه می‌توان زمینه‌ها و بسترهای نگرشی و بازتعریف فرد از فمینیسم را توصیف کرد. وجود تصورات و ذهنیت متنوع نسبت به فمینیسم باعث توصیف متفاوت افراد شده است. فهم نگرش‌های گروه‌های مختلف در جامعه در خصوص تفکرات فمینیستی به مطالعه، کشف، توصیف و درک نگرش دانشجویان دختر به عنوان بخشی از جامعه، حائز اهمیت است. فهم نگرش دانشجویان می‌تواند محققین و دانشگاهیان را نسبت به تفکرات و معنای فمینیسم، از منظر دختران و میزان رواج آن در میان افراد جامعه آگاه سازد. هم‌چنین بازخوردهای متفاوتی نسبت به این واژه به دلیل بومی نبودن رویکرد فمینیستی وجود دارد. از نظر دانشجویان آموزه‌های غربی مبنای فمینیسم بوده و انتشار آن‌ها بدون بومی شدن موجب تسلط بر فرهنگ جامعه می‌شود. بنابراین با توجه به مفاهیم ومقولات به دست آمده لازم است رویکرد فمینیست بر مبنای آموزه های اسلامی و فرهنگ غنی ایرانی بازنگری شود و به عنوان رویکردی در جهت تحقق برابری میان زن ومرد بر اساس شان و جایگاه یگانه خودشان بازتعریف شود.
The purpose of the current research was to analyze the attitude and context of the feminism term formation among female students. The research population included all the female students in over the country. The research sample subsumed 15 subjects who were selected via purposive sampling procedure. The research method was qualitative research and phenomenological study. Data was collected through semi-in-depth and semi-structured interviews and three main categories and 10 sub-categories were extracted. The findings showed: the word feminism has many concepts and different approaches. And according to the family and social background of each person and the gender stereotypes of each society, it is possible to describe redefinition of feminism. The existence of various ideas and mentality towards feminism caused it to be described differently by individuals. The understanding of the attitudes of different groups in society regarding feminist thoughts is important to study, discover, describe and perception of the female students’ attitude. Understanding the attitude of students can inform researchers and academicians about the thoughts and the meaning of feminism, the female students’ point of view and its prevalence among people in society. Also, there were different feedbacks regarding this word due to the non-nativeness of the feminist approach. According to the students’ point of views, western teachings were the basis of feminism and their dissemination without localization would cause them to be dominated on the society's culture. Therefore, according to the obtained concepts and categories, it is necessary to revise the feminist approach based on Islamic teachings and rich Iranian culture and redefine it as an approach towards the realization of equality between men and women based on their dignity and their unique position.
Abchian Langroudi, R. (2010). Measuring the level of feminist tendencies among female students of the Islamic Azad University, Garmsar branch in the academic year 2010-2009 and its comparative study in the faculties of humanities and technical-engineering. Islamic Azad University, Garmsar branch. [Persian[ URL: https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/5a90a7432047f12c88caa4023c4a9aae/search/10220d6033869e21ae097f67e3894769
Ahmadi Ghasem Abad Sofla, Y., & Zakrof, G. N. (2015). The Survey of Modernization Process Problems in Contemporary of Iran and Its Effect on Globalization. Political Science Quarterly, 11(30), 7-34. [Persian[ URL: https://psq.karaj.iau.ir/article_523575.html?lang=en
Anastasopoulos, V., & Desmarais, S. (2015). By name or by deed? Identifying the source of the feminist stigma. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 45(1), 226-242. [Persian] URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12290
Aronson, P. (2003). Feminists Or “Postfeminists”?:Young women’s attitudes toward feminism and gender relations. Gender & Society, 17(6), 903-922. URL: https://doi:10.1177/0891243203257145
Bakhtiari, A., Nasiri, B., & Haghighi, M. R. (2013). Theoretical formulation of feminism in media studies (by presenting a model). Media studies, 8(23), 97-106. [Persian] URL: https://www.sid.ir/paper/211781/en
Chamani Moghadam, M., Salim, M., & Hasani, M. M. (2020). A comparative study of nationalism and the women's movement in Iran and Egypt (1285-1342). Research Letter of Political Science, 15(3), 7-47. [Persian] URL: https://doi:10.22034/ipsa.2020.406
Cree, V. E., & Dean, J. S. (2015). Exploring social work students’ attitudes towards feminism: opening up conversations. Social Work Education, 34(8), 903-920. URL: https://doi:10.1080/02615479.2015.1081884
Gandami Nasrabadi, Z. (2013). Phenomenological analysis of women's employment in government organizations of Qom province in 2011. (master's thesis), Tarbiat Modares University, Tabriz. [Persian] URL: https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/ca339a91a0b92af7566475b601432688/search/31f42764cd6dc8475379d463030d55d0
Ghaneirad, M. A., Mohamadi, N., & Ebrahimi Kheirabadi, J. (2009). Post feminism ideas and the problem of the human totality. Woman in Development & Politics, 7(4), 115-138. [Persian] URL: https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_19746.html?lang=en
Keramati, M., Sajadi, S. M., , Sadeqezade Ghamsari, A. S., & & Imani, M. (2011). Explanation of feminism exsentialism and Islamic Idea (foundation, principle, and method): presentation Strategy. Women's Strategic Studies,, 13(52), 225-287. [Persian] URL: https://www.sid.ir/paper/94072/en
Michael, F., Molly, D., & Pease, B. (2021). Resistance and backlash to gender equality. International Women's Day, 56(3), 393-408. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.137
Moshirzadeh, H. (2012). From movement to social theory, History of two centuries of feminism. Tehran: Shirazeh Publishing. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1739084/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B4-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85/
Moustakas, C. E. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Polit: Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. URL: http://www.psyking.net/HTMLobj-3856/Moustakas.Phenomenological_Theory.pdf
Murphy, G., Murray, E., & Gough, D. (2021). Attitudes towards feminism predict susceptibility to feminism-related fake news. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 35(5), 1182– 1192. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3851
Nabavi, S. A., & Ahmadi, L. (2007). Investigating the impact of social factors on symbolic gender inequality in the family (inequality in decision-making power). Sociology of Iran, 8(2), 59-82. [Persian] URL: https://www.sid.ir/paper/963504/en
Phillips, R., & Cree, V. E. (2014). What does the ‘Fourth Wave’ mean for teaching feminism in twenty-first century social work?. Social Work Education, 33(7), 930-943. [Persian] URL: https://10.1080/02615479.2014.885007
Pishgahi fard, Z., & Ghodsi, A. (2010). The feminist cultural theories and their impact on Iran? society. Journal of Woman in Culture Arts, 7(3), 109-132. [Persian] URL: https://jwica.ut.ac.ir/article_20570_4ea4d00ab4ba976971a2309c85cdf745
Ritzer, G. (1990). Sociological theory in the contemporary. Translated by Mohsen Solasi. (2008). Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1829452/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1/
Rodger, N. (2011). Feminism; History, Theories, Trends, Criticism. Qom: Publications of Women's Studies and Research Office. [Persian[ URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11089056/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF/
Safiri, K., & Imanian, S. (2011). Sociology of gender: Tehran: Sociologists. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1628350/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA/
Safvat Safaii, S., & Ghodsi, S. F. (2019). Comparative Study of Mother and Motherhood in Simone de Beauvoir and Islamic Mysticism. Islamic Mysticism, 16(62), 240-263. [Persian] URL: https://mysticism.zanjan.iau.ir/article_670452.html?lang=en
Shamsi, A., & Nasiri, A. A. (2015). The intellectual and cultural flow of feminism in contemporary Iran, Imam Sadiq (AS) Research Institute of Islamic Sciences. Qom: Zamzam Hedayat. [Persian] URL: https://ketab.ir/book/422d9dbd-2cd0-4cc3-9bba-475f5eea36a5
Tufford, L., & Newman, P. (2012). Bracketing in qualitative research. Qualitative Social Work, 11(1):80-96. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1473325010368316
Weis, A. S., Redford, L., Zucker, A. N., & Ratliff, K. A. (2018). Feminist identity, attitudes toward feminist prototypes, and willingness to intervene in everyday sexist events. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 42(3), 279-290. URL: https://10.1177/0361684318764694
Zarabi, H., Keshavarz, F., Sangari, K. O., & Baseri, B. (2020). Feminism's understanding of the concept of equality with the approach of international human rights documents. International Police Studies, 11(2), 142-160. [Persian] URL: https://www.sid.ir/paper/388745/en
_||_