سنجش میزان تأثیر زاویه تمایل آتریوم بر آسایش بصری دانش آموزان توسط کارایی نور روز در ساختمان های آموزشی شهر تهران " یک مطالعه میدانی و شبیه سازی"
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهریاحمدرضا تورانی 1 , سید مجید مفیدی شمیرانی 2 , منصوره طاهباز 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد امارات، دبی، امارات متحده عربی
2 - استادیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ، تهران، ایران،
3 - دانشیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: آتریوم- زاویه تمایل, کارایی نور روز- برنامه شبیه ساز رادیانس- آزمون فتومتریک,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق به این موضوع که چگونه می توان از راهکارهای جدید جهت مهیا کردن آسایش بصری دانش آموزان و کاهش مصرف انرژی در ساختمان های آموزشی استفاده کرد، پرداخته شده است، چرا که ساختمان های آموزشی زمانی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند که نور روز وجود دارد. به دلیل اهمیت نور روز در افزایش بهره وری و تأثیر آن بر سلامتی، رفاه و افزایش کارایی بصری در یادگیری، خواندن و نوشتن، ضرورتاً این نوع ساختمان ها مورد توجه واقع شده اند. هدف این مقاله بررسی تأثیر زاویه تمایل آتریوم بر عملکرد نور روز به وسیله تحلیل پارامترهای مؤثر است به گونه ای که تأمین کننده آسایش بصری باشد. در راستای تحقق این هدف یک مدرسه ابتدایی که دارای آتریوم مورب می باشد و در شمال غربی شهر تهران قرار دارد به عنوان نمونه مطالعاتی بر اساس روش تحقیق کمی و طبق ماهیت داده ها انتخاب شد که در راستای تحقق تحقیق میدانی، بر مبنای محاسبات کمی در روش تحقیق بنیادین-کاربردی بوده است. زاویه های تمایل متفاوت آتریوم برمبنای جهت گیری به سمت دیاگرام خورشیدی و تأثیر آن بر مقدار نفوذ نور روز در زمان های مشخص در 3 کلاس مجاور آتریوم با زاویه های تمایل رو به شمال و جنوب تحلیل شدند. نتایج محاسبه شده نرم افزارهای شبیه سازی رادیانس[1] و دیسیم[2] براساس موضوع ضوابط انرژی روشنایی، CIBSE (LG10[3]& Guide A)[4] و CIBSE(2007)[5] (طراحی مدرسه) و (طراحی محیطی) و شاخص سنجش اعتبار در ساختمان های سبز[6](LEED8.1) به عنوان شاخص های کمی برای بررسی سنجش اعتبار روشنایی بررسی شده اند و مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نهایتاً آزمون میدانی فوتومتریک با استفاده از ابزار سنجش روشنایی[7] مورد استفاده قرار گرفت تا نتایج تحلیلی و یافته های تحلیل محاسباتی تأیید اعتبار شوند و بنابراین نتیجه گیری ارائه شد.
[1] Radiance
[2] Daysim
[3] Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers, a Guide for Designers, Daylighting and window design
[4] Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers, a Guide for Designers, CIBSE, (2006). Environmental design: CIBSE guide A. 7th ed., London: CIBSE: p. 2- 8.
[5] CABE, (2007), CABE‘s new schools design quality program, London
In this research it has been discussed how new solutions can be used in order to provide visual comfort of students and decrease the energy consumption in educational buildings, because the educational buildings are used when daylight exists. For the importance of daylight in increasing the productivity and its impact on the health, convenience and increasing visual efficiency in learning, reading and writing, these buildings have necessarily been considered. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of the inclination angle of atrium on the daylight performance by parametric analysis while visual tranquility has been provided. For achieving to goal of this research, a primary school which has a diagonal atrium and is located in the northwest of Tehran was chosen as a case study. Different inclination angles of the atrium based on the orientation towards the solar diagram and its effect on the amount of daylight penetration at certain times in 3 adjacent classes to the atrium with inclination angles towards north- south were analyzed. The calculated results of the simulator software Radiance and Daysim, according to the subject of the regulations of lighting energy CIBSE(LG10 & Guide A ) (1999&2006) and school design CIBSE (2007), were analyzed and used. Eventually the field photometric examination by the use of an illumination tool (Data Logger) was utilized to compare and validate the analytical results and the findings of the analysis by software and thus the conclusion was presented .
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