بررسی اثرات شاخص های تاب آوری و تدوین راهبردهای موثر بر مبنای پایداری بوم محور(مورد مطالعه: محله فیض آباد شهر کرمانشاه)

محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری

میرسالار حبیبی ¹ , سیدعلی نوری ² , سیدجمال الدین دریاباری ³

1 - گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران ، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/10/10 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/02/18 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/04/01

کلید واژه: شهر کرمانشاه, تاب آوری شهری, محله فیض آباد, پایداری بوم محور, راهبردهای اصلاح تاب آوری,

چکیده مقاله :

شهرها همواره در معرض خطرات و آسیب های جدی هستند که این موضوع اهمیت مدیریت و پیش بینی مخاطرات را بیشتر نشان می دهد. تاب آوری، رویکردی است که می تواند به بهبود مناطق شهری و واکنش آنها در مواجهه با بحران کمک نماید. ارزیابی شهرها از نظر شاخص های مختلف و وضعیت آنها می تواند یک چارچوب مناسب در اختیار مدیران قرار دهد. هدف این تحقیق، بررسی تاثیرات شاخص های تاب آوری و تدوین راهبردهای موثر در راستای اصلاح آنها بر مبنای پایداری بوم محور است. روش تحقیق توصیفی–تحلیلی و مبتنی بر داده های میدانی است. ابزار گردآوری داده ها پرسش نامه است. جامعه آماری را ساکنان محله فیض آباد به تعداد 4830 نفر تشکیل داده اند. بر اساس فرمول کوکران حجم نمونه به تعداد 356 نفر تعیین شد. همچنین برای تدوین راهبرد نیز از 50 کارشناس مرتبط استفاده شد. روایی ساختاری و محتوایی پرسش نامه تایید و همچنین پایایی نیز با آلفای کرونباخ بالای 70/0 تایید شد. نتایج نشان می دهد که بیشترین تاثیرگذاری شاخص ها در بهبود تاب آوری مربوط به شاخص بهداشت محیط با مقدار 95/0 است. همچنین شاخص تعلق اجتماعی توان تبیین 85/0 ، تهدیدات زیست محیطی و مکانی 85/0، زیرساخت اقتصادی 82/0، مشارکت اجتماعی 80/0 و رفاه اقتصادی نیز 78/0 را در زمینه بهبود تاب آوری محله فیض آباد دارد. نتایج نشان داد که 7 راهبرد شامل راهبرد حمایت و تسهیل در رونق بسترهای اقتصادی محله، ارتقاء سرمایه اجتماعی و آموزش، برنامه ریزی توسعه گردشگری محله، بازسازی، توسعه و ایجاد فضاهای کالبدی، تسهیلات نوسازی و طرح های تشویقی، بهداشت محیط محله، اصلاح و بازنگری در تعامل نهادها با مردم، در راستای اصلاح تاب آوری شهری بر مبنای رویکرد بوم محور قابل تاکید است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Cities are always exposed to serious risks and damages, which shows the importance of risk management and prediction. Resilience is an approach that can help improve urban areas and their response in the face of crisis. The assessment of cities in terms of different indicators and their status can provide a suitable framework for managers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of resilience indicators and developing effective strategies for their modification based on eco-oriented sustainability. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population is made up of 4830 residents of Faiz Abad neighborhood. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 356 people. Also, 50 related experts were used to formulate the strategy. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed as well as the reliability with Cronbach's alpha above 0.70. The results show that the most effective indicators in improving resilience are related to the environmental health index with a value of 0.95. Also, the index of social belonging has the ability to explain 0.85, environmental and spatial threats 0.85, economic infrastructure 0.82, social participation 0.80 and economic welfare also has 0.78 in the field of improving the resilience of Faiz Abad neighborhood. The results showed that 7 strategies can be emphasized in order to improve urban resilience based on the eco-oriented approach that including supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the economic foundations of the neighborhood, promoting social capital and education, planning the development of neighborhood tourism, reconstruction, development and creation of physical spaces, renovation facilities and incentive schemes, neighborhood environmental health, reforming and reviewing the interaction of institutions with people.Extended AbstractIntroduction:With the development of urbanization and the increase of urban population, managers and urban planners should pay more attention to the challenges caused by development in urban areas. One of the challenges facing urban managers and planners is natural or human crises. Crises are the product of unsustainable development compared to balancing the social, economic and natural environment. Urban crises, by adversely affecting the three indicators of society, economy and environment, cause great and sometimes irreparable damages to urban areas, which is one of the basic priorities of all urban planners in terms of identifying, planning and optimal management of crises; Therefore, making urban communities resilient is of particular importance. Faizabad neighborhood is one of the old neighborhoods located in the old context of Kermanshah city. This neighborhood has an economic function and valuable historical structures such as residential buildings Rande Kash, Manzi Yazdi, Teke Biglarbigi, Sarai Tawakkel, Bazaar, Teke Faiz Abad, Zorkhane Alamdar have historical and identity value. On the other hand, this neighborhood has an unfavorable physical and environmental condition, a significant percentage of the buildings in the neighborhood are dilapidated and of poor quality. Therefore, if a crisis occurs in this neighborhood, its effect will be double, so the resilience of this neighborhood is necessary to reduce the effect of the crisis. Therefore, in this research, considering the important location of this ancient fabric in Kermanshah city, it has been tried to influence various resilience indicators based on eco-oriented sustainability and provide effective strategies in order to improve them in this neighborhood.Methodology:According to its nature, the research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the intended research includes citizens living in Faiz Abad neighborhood and experts familiar with the subject. According to the statistics of the improvement and modernization plan of 2010, there are 4830 citizens living in the central part of Kermanshah. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample for the statistical population of citizens at the individual level was calculated as 356 people. The sampling method is at the level of citizens, which is done randomly. A statistical sample of 50 experts was also selected. There are two types of information collection methods: library (documents) and field (survey). The research collection tools are questionnaires and interviews. For analysis, the data are summarized, coded and categorized and finally processed to provide the basis for analyzes and connections between these data in order to answer the questions. The collected raw data was entered into SPSS, AMOS software and finally the data was analyzed.Results and discussion:The results of structural equation modeling have been used to investigate the effectiveness of various components or indicators of urban resilience. Examining the model shows that the drawn model has the ability to measure the effectiveness of resilience components; Because the factor loading of 18 investigated indicators was equal to 0.75 and more than 3, and this indicates the influence and role of social, economic, environmental, physical and institutional indicators (a total of 18 factors) in urban resilience.  In total, it can be said that the 18 examined indicators including place belonging, social participation, resources and human capital, economic support, economic infrastructure, economic well-being, etc. can be effective in improving resilience. Examining the role of 18 in improving urban resilience shows that the total effect value is 0.75, and in total, the analyzed indicators can account for about 0.75% of the variance, role-playing and positive effects in improving urban resilience (Faizabad neighborhood). ) to explain. Based on the results of this model, the most effective is related to the environmental health index with an explanation of 0.95. The index of social belonging can explain 0.85, environmental and spatial threats can explain 0.85, economic infrastructure can explain 0.82, social participation can explain 0.80, and economic prosperity also can explain 0.78 in the field of neighborhood resilience. It has Faizabad.The results of various factors show that 7 strategies are effective in improving urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city. These 7 strategies include supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the economic foundations of the neighborhood; improving social capital and education; neighborhood tourism development planning; Reconstruction, development and creation of desirable physical spaces; Renovation facilities and incentive plans; Health of the neighborhood environment; reforming and revising the interaction of institutions with people. Therefore, the mentioned strategies have been proposed from different aspects of economic, social, physical and environmental resilience, and they have tried to emphasize all aspects of urban resilience. In addition, at the level of the examined solutions or factors, the solution of promoting public belief in the government with a factor load of 0.873 is recognized as the most effective solution in the direction of urban resilience. Two indicators of the development and creation of social groups and non-governmental organizations with a factor load of 0.868 and also the continuous development of physical restoration with a priority of habitable residential buildings with a factor load of 0.816 in the second and third ranks of effective solutions in the direction of improving the components of urban resilience are knownAccording to the stated contents, in order to improve the urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city, 7 strategies have been mentioned that can be effective in this field.Conclusion:The general result of this research confirms that various indicators can be effective in the urban resilience of Faizabad neighborhood. These indicators affect different social, economic, physical and environmental aspects of resilience. In this context, two indicators of environmental health and social belonging have the most impact on urban resilience. Also, in line with the improvement of urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city; Supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the neighborhood's economic platforms; improving social capital and education; neighborhood tourism development planning; Reconstruction, development and creation of desirable physical spaces; Renovation facilities and incentive plans; Health of the neighborhood environment, reforming and revising the interaction of institutions with people, were recognized as key strategies. According to what was said, the resilience of Faiz Abad neighborhood requires a good and systematic management perspective in order to achieve a level of improvement and good performance.

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