تبیین ساختار مفهومی توانمندسازی بومی سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی پیرامون شهر یاسوج با استفاده از نظریه داده بنیاد
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری
مجید جوادی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری گروه آموزشی شهرسازی، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی کرمان، کرمان ایران.)
نیما جهانبین
2
(استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی کرمان، کرمان ایران.)
آرمان حیدری
3
(استادیار گروه گروه جامعه شناسی دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.)
عمران کهزادی سیف آباد
4
(گروه آموزشی شهرسازی دانشکده فنی و مهندسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شوشتر .ایران)
کلید واژه: توانمندسازی, گراندد تئوری, سکونتگاه غیر رسمی,
چکیده مقاله :
مهم‌ترین اثر رشد و گسترش شهرنشینی مهاجرت عظیم به شهرها، پیدایش بحران حاشیه‌نشینی و ظهور سکونتگاه های غیررسمی است. فقر، بی‌سوادی، سطح پایین آگاهی، نرخ بیکاری، سکونت غیررسمی، اشتغال غیررسمی و ... از مشکلات بنیادین سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی به شمار می‌روند. آسیب‌پذیر بودن زیستی این محیط‌ها در برابر بحران نیز از دیگر ویژگی‌های بارز این سکونتگاه ها می‌باشد.هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر ارائه مدل مفهومی توانمندسازی بومی سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی می‌باشد که در زمره تحقیقات کیفی قرار دارد و با رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد انجام‌شده است. جهت تحلیل داده‌های کیفی از روش فراترکیب و تحلیل محتوا به‌صورت توأم استفاده‌شده است. روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات مطالعه اسنادی و مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند از افراد متخصص و صاحب‌نظر، اساتید دانشگاه در رشته شهرسازی (با بیش از 15 سال سابقه کار) و مدیران و تصمیم گیران در امور مسائل شهری می‌باشد. جهت تحلیل داده‌های کیفی و کدگذاری از نرم‌افزار Nvivo استفاده شد. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش 6 مؤلفۀ اصلی توانمندسازی سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی عبارت‌اند از: حکمروایی، مشارکت و اعتماد، فرهنگ و اجتماع، هویت، ادراک محیط و سرزندگی. بر اساس سؤالات مطرح‌شده در فرایند مصاحبه، 937 ارجاع ارائه گردید. با بازبینی متعدد و ادغام کدها بر اساس تشابه در طی چندین مرحله تلخیص داده‌ها، 19 زیر درون‌مایه استخراج گردید. بر اساس کشف روابط علی و معلولی بین مؤلفه‌ها، مدل اسپیرال به‌عنوان مدل مفهومی نهایی توانمندسازی بومی سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی ارائه گردید که دارای 6 چرخه می‌باشد. درونی‌ترین چرخه با سه مؤلفۀ برنامه‌ریزی نهادینه و تخصص‌گرا، تقویت نقش و وظیفه‌های محلی و تشکیل ستاد بین بخشی مؤلفۀ حکمروایی می‌باشد. به ترتیب سایر چرخه‌ها مشارکت و اعتماد، فرهنگ و اجتماع، هویت، ادراک محیط و چرخۀ خارجی توانمندسازی بومی سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی مؤلفۀ ایجاد سرزندگی در فرایند طراحی و برنامه‌ریزی سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی می‌باشد.
The most important effect of the growth and expansion of urbanization is the massive migration to the cities, the emergence of the crisis of marginalization and the emergence of informal settlements. Poverty, illiteracy, low level of awareness, unemployment rate, informal residence, informal employment, etc. are among the fundamental problems of informal settlements. The biological vulnerability of these environments against the crisis is another characteristic of these settlements.The purpose of this research is to present a conceptual model of local empowerment of informal settlements. Therefore, the current research was conducted in the category of qualitative research and with the approach of foundational data theory. In order to analyze the qualitative data, meta-composite method and content analysis were used together. The data collection method is document study and semi-structured interview. nvivo software was used for qualitative data analysis and coding.Based on documentary studies and the use of meta-synthesis method, the theoretical framework of the research and the initial conceptual model of local empowerment were presented. The main components of local empowerment are: governance, participation and trust, culture and community, identity, perception of the environment and vitality. Based on the questions raised in the interview process, 937 referrals were provided. 19 sub-themes were extracted by multiple revisions and integration of codes based on similarity during several stages of data summarization. Based on the discovery of cause and effect relationships between the components, the spiral model was presented as the final conceptual model of indigenous empowerment of informal settlements, which has 6 cycles.Extended AbstractIntroduction:In Iran, as in other developing countries, we have witnessed the growth and expansion of urbanization and the subsequent emergence of informal settlements, the most important effect of which is massive migration to cities and the emergence of the crisis of marginalization. Poverty, illiteracy, low level of awareness, unemployment rate, informal residence, informal employment, etc. are among the fundamental problems of informal settlements. The population growth percentage of Yasouj city based on calculations from the latest official data is equal to 1.6%, which is one of the highest growth rates among the provincial centers of the country and has had one of the highest urban population growth and spatial expansion in the last 4 decades. . The population of immigrants who entered Yasuj during the years 2010-2015 was equal to 18,715 people, which caused the emergence of informal settlements and the need for reform programs, especially local empowerment, as an unavoidable necessity. According to the statistics, there are more than 80,000 marginal residents in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces, of which nearly 60,000 people live in Yasouj city, and this has disrupted the urban and rural balance, which can be considered an irreparable crisis in the future.Methodology:The current research is of the "parallel single method" type. It should be noted that the parallel single method design (like Morse's typology) uses two qualitative methods at the same time, one of which is the basic method and the other is the complementary method, then the results are combined with each other. Therefore, the method of conducting this research includes two steps as follows: A) Qualitative part (first part - basic part) [meta-composition]: to present the initial conceptual model of local empowerment of informal settlements b) Qualitative part (second part - supplementary part) [content analysis]: to explain the components of the conceptual model of indigenous empowerment of informal settlements (conceptual model of indigenous empowerment of informal settlements). Nvivo software was used for qualitative data analysis.Results and discussion:The findings of the research in the first part indicate 937 references, which were extracted through multiple reviews of 6 themes and 19 sub-themes.In accordance with the themes and sub-themes and the discovery of cause and effect relationships, the spiral model was presented in the first step as a secondary model of "Native Empowerment of Informal Settlements".The structure of the mentioned model includes six cycles, which are governance, participation and trust, culture and community, identity, perception of the environment and vitality of the model structure.In the second part, first, the components presented by the T-Test were compared with the theoretical mean, and then, by the multivariate regression test, the regression equations were presented to investigate the relationship between the components. The regression equations answer the level of support of the empowerment components of the biological quality of informal settlements, which was declared as the result in most of the regression equations.Conclusion:Institutional planning, formation of interdepartmental headquarters and strengthening the role and duties of institutions were presented as sub-themes of governance.The literature on empathy and synergy and participation in institutions are other important components in the participation sector. Paying attention to faith and human dignity and civic responsibility and promotion of endogenous social interactions are the main axes of the indigenous empowerment framework.Other important axes are looking at the past and paying attention to the historical precedent, adjustment and stabilization of tradition in planning.Other axes corresponding to the six cycles of the spiral model are given in the form of the final framework of indigenous empowerment of the informal settlement with an emphasis on the native origin of the residents. According to the cycles of the spiral model, the text of the final interview was prepared and 39 components were used to develop the final framework.Presented. Among the residents, the social customs of the elders and influential people of the tribe have an acceptable and influential position in helping to solve issues related to various areas of the residents' lives, and in solving the problems and dilemmas of the tribe members with the residents of other tribes living in the settlement.It is effective according to the existence of tribal blood and social interactions and relative and causal relations between clan members and other clans of the settlement, in the case of educating the residents and familiarizing them with the culture of the city and citizenship and taking advantage of the social potential of influential and organized people.The role of these people in the form of non-governmental organizations can be useful as mediators facilitating relations between service providers on behalf of the government and the people in order to solve problems and pave the way for the empowerment of residents. Respecting the tribal values and looking back, actions such as creating a house-neighborhood (formation of the local management core) for local actions (bottom-up approach) are important in the local empowerment of the informal settlement.Therefore, by recognizing local-traditional institutions, urban planners and designers have strengthened the belief in collective wisdom among residents and have included human dignity in planning.On the other hand, the design considerations for the optimal use of natural potential (congruence of the plan and context) and the principled design in accordance with the conditions, in inducing a sense of readability and belonging to the place, were evaluated positively, which managers and urban planners should pay due attention to in the aspect of physical planning.
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