Fatigue Failure Analysis of Trailing Arm Using Numerical Methods
Subject Areas :
Mechanical Engineering
Aidin Ghaznavi
1
,
S Mirzaei
2
1 - Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, Iran
2 - Faculty of Physics and Energy Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic),Tehran, Iran
Received: 2022-09-13
Accepted : 2022-12-08
Published : 2023-03-01
Keywords:
Trailing arm,
Volvo method,
Dang van theory,
Fatigue analysis,
Seam weld analysis,
Non-proportional loads,
Abstract :
The suspension system, one of the essential parts of any vehicle which has a significant role in vehicle steering, accelerating, and braking. One of the suspension system's main components is the trailing arm, which is exposed to frequent loadings and is made by welding method. Due to the use and nature of this piece, its fatigue analysis is crucial. Since this part is made by welding process, its fatigue analysis is much more complicated than other parts. In this paper, fatigue life of the trailing arm is investigated by using different numerical method. At first, safety factor of the component is calculated using dang van criteria. Dang van is one of the most famous and appropriated method for multi axial non proportional loads. However it is not a good criterion in order to calculate the damage of the weld line. So Volvo method that developed base on the weld process and properties is consider for fatigue analysis of the weld line. The obtained results improve the necessity of using this kind of method for welding process. Finally, it could be concluded that for fatigue analysis of a welded component such as trailing arm, using both method are necessary. Considering two different criteria for a component and comparing the obtained results of the trailing arm under non proportional applied load is one of the achievement of this paper. Of course by using this method, the calculated fatigue life of the trailing arm is accurate. At the end, it should be noted that the both applied methods, Dang Van and Volvo, are completely verified by the available experimental result in the reliable references.
References:
Gillespie T. D., 1992, Fundamental of Vehicle Dynamics (SAE International), Revised Edition.
Rill G., 2011, Road Vehicle Dynamics: Fundamentals and Modeling, CRC
Shijil P., Vargheese, Devasia A., Joseph C., Jacob J., 2016, Design and Analysis of Suspension System for an all Terrain Vehivle, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 7(3): 164-190.
Reimpell J., Stoll H., Betzler J., 2001, The Automotive Chassis: Engineering Principles, Elsevier.
Dixon J.C., 2009, Suspension Geometry and Computation, John Wiley & Sons.
Choi H.-H., Hwang S.-M., Kang Y., Kim J., Kang B., 2002, Comparison of implicit and explicit finite-element methods for the hydroforming process of an automobile lower arm, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 20(6): 407-413.
Kazemi M., Heydari Shirazi K., Ghanbarzadeh A., 2012, Optimization of semi-trailing arm suspension for improving handling and stability of passenger car, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics 226(2): 108-121.
Godefroid L.B., Faria G.L.D., Cândido L.C., Araujo S., 2014, Fatigue failure of a welded automotive component, Procedia Materials Science 3: 1902-1907.
Fischer C., Fricke W., Rizzo C.M., 2016, Review of the fatigue strength of welded joints based on the notch stress intensity factor and SED approaches, International Journal of Fatigue 84: 59-66.
Kim Y.-S., Kim J.-G., 2017, Evaluation of corrosion fatigue and life prediction of lower arm for automotive suspension component, Metals and Materials International 23(1): 98-105.
Adalarasan R., Santhanakumar M., 2015, Parameter design in fusion welding of AA 6061 aluminium alloy using desirability grey relational analysis (DGRA) method, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 96(1): 57-63.
Pramod R., Shanmugam N.S., Krishnadasan C., 2020, Studies on cold metal transfer welding of aluminium alloy 6061-T6 using ER 4043, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234(7): 924-937.
Kavitha C., Shankar S.A., Ashok B., Ashok S.D., Ahmed H., Kaisan M.U., 2018, Adaptive suspension strategy for a double wishbone suspension through camber and toe optimization, Engineering science and Technology, An International Journal 21(1): 149-158.
Sert E., Boyraz P., 2017, Optimization of suspension system and sensitivity analysis for improvement of stability in a midsize heavy vehicle, Engineering Science and Technology , An International Journal 20(3): 997-1012.
Nadot Y., Denier V., 2004, Fatigue failure of suspension arm: experimental analysis and multiaxial criterion, Engineering Failure Analysis 11(4): 485-499.
Kashyzadeh R., Gholam Hossein Farrahi K., Shariyat M., Taghi Ahmadian M., 2018, The role of wheel alignment over the fatigue damage accumulation in vehicle steering knuckle, Journal of Stress Analysis3(1): 21-33.
Kashyzadeh R., Amiri, 2022, Experimental study of the effect of vehicle velocity on the ride comfort of a car on a road with different types of roughness, InRecent Trends in Mechatronics Towards Industry 4: 593-604.
Farrahi G.H., Ahmadi A., Kasyzadeh, 2020, Simulation of vehicle body spot weld failures due to fatigue by considering road roughness and vehicle velocity,Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 105: 102168.
Kashyzadeh , 2020, Effects of axial and multiaxial variable amplitude loading conditions on the fatigue life assessment of automotive steering knuckle,Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 2020: 1-9.
Kashyzadeh R., 2020, A new algorithm for fatigue life assessment of automotive safety components based on the probabilistic approach: the case of the steering knuckle,Engineering Science and Technology, An International Journal 23(2): 392-404.
Shariyat, 2009, Three energy‐based multiaxial HCF criteria for fatigue life determination in components under random non‐proportional stress fields, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 32(10): 785-808.
Shariyat, 2009, New multiaxial HCF criteria based on instantaneous fatigue damage tracing in components with complicated geometries and random non-proportional loading conditions, International Journal of Damage Mechanics 19(6): 659-690.
Shariyat, 2008, A fatigue model developed by modification of Gough’s theory, for random non-proportional loading conditions and threedimensional stress fields, International Journal of Fatigue 30(7): 1248-1258.
Zoroufi M., Fatemi A., 2004, Durability comparison and life predictions of competing manufacturing processes: An experimental study of steering knuckle, 25th Forging Industry Technical Conference, Detroit.
Fatemi A., Zoroufi M., 2004, Fatigue performance evaluation of forged versus competing manufacturing process technologies: A comparative analytical and experimental study, American Iron and Steel Institute, Toledo.
Zoroufi M., Fatemi A., 2006, Experimental durability assessment and life prediction of vehicle suspension components: a case study of steering knuckles, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 220(11): 1565-1579.
Froustey, 1987, Multiaxial Fatigue of a 30NCD16 Steel, PhD Thesis, ENSAM Bordeaux, Paris.
Benedetti M., 1993, Multiaxial Fatigue of a Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron, Notch and Surface Treatment Effects, PhD Thesis, ENSAM Bordeaux, Paris.
PapadopoulosV., 1987, High Cycle Fatigue of Metals – A new Approach, PhD Thesis, ENPC, Paris.
Dang Van K., 1999, Introduction to Fatigue Analysis in Mechanical Design by the Multiscale Approach, In High-Cycle Metal Fatigue, Springer, Vienna.
Gannon L.G., Pegg N.G., Smith M.J., Liu Y., 2013, Effect of residual stress shakedown on stiffened plate strength and behaviour,Ships and Offshore Structures 8(6): 638-652.
Zhang X., Kee Paik J., Jones N., 2016, A new method for assessing the shakedown limit state associated with the breakage of a ship's hull girder,Ships and Offshore Structures 11(1): 92-104.
Van Lieshout P. S., Den Besten J. H., Kaminski M. L., 2017, Validation of the corrected Dang Van multiaxial fatigue criterion applied to turret bearings of FPSO offloading buoys,Ships and Offshore Structures 12(4): 521-529.
Kang H.T., Khosrovaneh A., Amaya M., Bonnen J., Shih H.-C., Mane S., Link T., 2011, Application of fatigue life prediction methods for GMAW joints in vehicle structures and frames, SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0192.
Radaj D., Sonsino C.M., Frickle W., 2009, Recent developments in local concepts of fatigue assessment of welded joints, International Journal of Fatigue 31: 2-11.
British Standard, BS 7608, 1993, Code of Practice for Fatigue Design and Assessment of Steel S
DNV-RP-C203, 2010, Recommended Practice for Fatigue Design of Offshore Steel S
Zhigang W., Hamilton J., Yang F., Luo L., Shengbin L., HongTae K., Dong P.,2013, Comparison of verity and volvo methods for fatigue life assessment of welded structures, SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2357.
nCode: DesignLife Theory Guide, Accessed, https://www.ncode.com/.
Papuga J., 2011, A survey on evaluating the fatigue limit under multiaxial loading,International Journal of Fatigue 33(2): 153-165.
Charkaluk E., Constantinescu A., Maïtournam H., Dang Van K., 2009, Revisiting the dang van criterion,Procedia Engineering 1(1): 143-146.
Bathias C., Pineau A., 2010, Fatigue of Materials and Structures : Fundamentals, John Wiley & Sons.
Ballard P., Van K.D., Deperrois A., Papadopoulos Y., 1995, High cycle fatigue and a finite element analysis, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 18(3): 397-411.
Charkaluk E., Constantinescu A., Maïtournam H., Van K.D., 2009, Revisiting the dang van criterion, Procedia Engineering 1(1): 143-146.
Chmelko V., Margetin M., 2020, The performance of selected multiaxial criteria under tension/torsion loading conditions, International Journal of Fatigue 135:
Tahir Z., Aso R., Yates T., Bell M., Muse A., 2018, Aluminium weld fatigue: From characterisation to design rules, Procedia Engineering 213: 549-570.
Structures: Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures, Part 1-9 Fatigue; Eurocode 4: Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures, John Wiley & Sons.
Ling J., 2000, The evolution of the ASME boiler and pressure vessel code, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122(3): 242-246.
Beretta S., Bernasconi A., Carboni M., 2009, Fatigue assessment of root failures in HSLA steel welded joints: A comparison among local approaches, International Journal of Fatigue 31(1): 102-110.
BS8118, 1991, Structural use of Aluminium, Part 1: Code of Practice for D
Andrėasson M., Frodin B., 1997, Fatigue Life Prediction of MAG-welded Thin Sheet Structures-Theory and Experiments, M.Sc. Thesis, Division of Solid Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, and Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg.
Fermėr M., Andrėasson M., Frodin B., 2018, Fatigue life prediction of MAG-welded thin-sheet structures, Downloaded from SAE International by University of California Berkeley, International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, 1998.
Lindqvist J., 2002, Fatigue Strengths Thickness Dependence in Welded Construction, M. Sc. Thesis, Borlänge University, Sweden.
Thakur A., Aregawi G.-e., 2019, Static and fatigue failure analysis of rear trailing arm, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 9: 67-79.
Fatemi A., Socie D. F., 1988, A critical plane approach to multi axial fatigue damage including out‐of‐phase loading, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 11(3): 149-165.
