دیپلماسی آب و سکونتگاههای شهری (با تأکید بر شهر مرزی زابل و رودخانه مرزی هیرمند)
محورهای موضوعی : مخاطرات محیطی (طبیعی و انسانی) و سکونتگاههای انسانیافشین متقی دستنایی 1 , آرش قربانی سپهر 2
1 - دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: زابل, شهر مرزی, سکونتگاه شهری, دیپلماسی آب, رودخانه مرزی,
چکیده مقاله :
بسیاری از حوضه‌های رودخانه‌های مرزی در جهان به‌طور همزمان به‌عنوان موتورهای مهم توسعه اقتصادی منطقه، پایگاه‌های مهم منابع امرار معاش و همچنین مکان‌های بحرانی حفاظت از تنوع زیستی شناخته شده‌اند. این مزایا اغلب نقش رقابتی را برای حکومت‌ها ایجاد می‌کند و آن‌ها را به چالش می‌کشد. با توجه به موقعیت جغرافیایی، استراتژیک ایران و قرارگیری در حوضه‌های آبی مشترک، بکارگیری دیپلماسی آب‌های مرزی و فرامرزی، به‌عنوان ابزاری ضروری برای مدیریت بحران آب و سازگاری با مشکلات ناشی از کم آبی در کشور تلقی می‌شود. بر این مبنا، جهت نگارش پژوهش حاضر از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی بهره گرفته شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان از آن دارد که تنها ابزار جهت به‌سامان کردن اوضاع در شرایط کنونی شهر مرزی زابل استفاده درست از دیپلماسی آب است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد تدوین دیپلماسی آب از سوی جمهوری اسلامی ایران با کشور افغانستان، یکی از الزاماتی است که باید با جدیت در آینده با استفاده از ظرفیت‌های ایجابی و با بهره‌گیری از اصول حقوق بین‌الملل دنبال شود تا وضعیت سکونتگاه شهر مرزی زابل قبل از رسیدن به مرحله بحران با سناریوهای ساده تر و کم هزینه تر حل شود.
Many of the frontier river basins in the world are simultaneously recognized as key engines of regional economic development, major livelihoods sources, as well as critical biodiversity conservation areas. These benefits often create a competitive role for governments and challenge them. Given the geographical location, strategic location of Iran and the presence of common water basins, the use of border and transboundary water diplomacy is considered as an essential tool for managing water crisis and adaptation to the problems caused by dehydration in the country. Based on this, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to write the present research. The findings of the research show that the only tool for organizing the situation in the current situation in Zaza Mazzi is the correct use of water diplomacy. The results of the research show that the formulation of water diplomacy by the Islamic Republic of Iran with the country is one of the requirements that should be pursued with seriousness in the future, using positive capacities and using the principles of international law, in order to address the situation of the Zabul border town before it arrives. The crisis can be solved with easier and less costly Scenarios.
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