سنجش ابعاد کالبدی تاب‌آوری شهری در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی (زلزله) (مطالعه موردی منطقه 12 شهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایحجت اله پاشاپور 1 , محمد پوراکرمی 2
1 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: تاب آوری کالبدی, AHP Fuzzy, منطقه 12 شهر تهران, سوانح طبیعی,
چکیده مقاله :
میزان خسارات و تلفات ناشی از مخاطرات طبیعی به میزان آمادگی جامعه در برابر واقعه بستگی دارد.تاب آور ساختن شهرها در ابعاد مختلف، راهی مناسب و کارا در جهت تقویت ساختار شهر برای مقابله با بحران‌ها و مخاطرات طبیعی و غیرطبیعی است. مطالعه حاضر به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ روش شناسی توصیفی - تحلیلی است. در این تحقیق برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از روش کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی و برای تجزیه تحلیل داده‌ها از مدلAHP Fuzzy استفاده‌شده است.نتایج نشان داد که معیار ویژگی‌های کالبدی بافت با ضریب اهمیت نسبی 0.424 و در بین زیر معیارها نیز، عرض معابر با وزن 0.238، مقاومت ساختمان با وزن0.120 و دسترسی به پارک با وزن 0.102، بیشترین اهمیت را در تاب‌آوری کالبدی منطقه 12 شهر تهران دارند. همچنین نقشه نهایی تاب‌آوری کالبدی منطقه نشان داد که فقط 1.03 درصد از بافت منطقه دارای تاب‌آوری زیاد می‌باشد و 74.64 درصد از منطقه دارای تاب‌آوری متوسط و 24.33 درصد از منطقه دارای تاب‌آوری کم می‌باشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که سکونت‌گاه‌های منطقه 12 شهر تهران با توجه به قدمت بناها و کیفیت آن‌ها، دسترسی‌های کم‌عرض، قطعه‌بندی ریزدانه و افزایش سطح اشغال و کمبود فضای باز که همگی زمینه‌ها و عوامل تهدیدکننده جان انسان‌های ساکن این منطقه است، در تقابل با تاب‌آوری شهری قرار دارند. اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ از آﺳﯿﺐ و ﺧﺴﺎرات ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ اﯾـﻦ منطقه در ﺻﻮرت وﻗﻮع زمین‌لرزه ﺧﺒﺮ می‌دهد.
The damage and casualties caused by natural disasters will depend on the state of readiness of the event. Building resilient cities of various sizes is a suitable and effective way to strengthen the structure of the city to deal with crises and natural and unnatural disasters. This study in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of method is descriptive - analytical. In this study, data collection was based on library and documentary methods and for data analysis we used AHP Fuzzy model. Results showed that the measure of physical properties of texture with a weight of 0.424, and sub-criteria’s such as Street width with a weight of 0.238, building resistance with a weight of 0.120, access to the park with a weight of 0.102 are the most important criteria and sub-criteria in physical resilience of Tehran's 12th district. The final maps of regional physical resilience showed that only 1.03 percent of the area texture has high resiliency and 74.64% of the area has medium resilience and 24.33% of the area has low resilience. Also, the results showed that Tehran's 12th district buildings according to the age of buildings and their quality, the narrow access, the fine-grained segmentation, the increased occupancy levels, and the lack of open space that threaten the peoples’ lives in this area are in contrast with urban resilience. This issue warns us of more damage and casualties when an earthquake occurs.
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Amaratunga, D., & Haigh, R. (20011). Post Disaster Reconstruction of the Built Environment Building for Resilience. U.K.: Wiley Blackwell.
Asadzadeh, A., Kötter, T., & Zebardast, E. (2015). An augmented approach for measurement of disaster resilience using connective factor analysis and analytic network process (F’ANP) model. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 504-518.
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Bahraini, H. (1996). Land Use Planning in Seismic Areas Case Study of Manjil Loshan and Roodbar Towns. Tehran: Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation. (In Persian)
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Brooks, N., Adger, W. N., & Kelly, P. M. (2005). The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation. Global environmental change, 15 (2), 151-163.
Burby, R. J., Deyle, R. E., Godschalk, D. R., & Olshansky, R. B. (2000) creating hazard resilient communities through land-use planning. Natural hazards review, 1 (2), 99-106.
Colten, C.E. et al. (2008), Community resilience: lessons from New Orleans and Hurricane Katrina, CARRI Research Report 3, Community and Regional Resilience Initiative, pp.1-5.
Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., & Webb, J. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global environmental change, 18 (4), 598-606.
Cutter, S. L., Christopher, G., Burton, & Christopher, T. E. (2010). Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarking Baseline Conditions. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 7 (1), 14.
Farzad Behtash, M. R. (2014). Evaluation and Analysis of Dimensions and Components of Resilience of Tabriz City. Ph.D dissertation. Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian)
Farzad Behtash, M. R., Pierre Babaei, M. T., Kee Nejad, A. M., & Aqa Babaei, M. T. (2012). Explaining Resizing Dimensions and Components of Islamic Cities. Iranian Islamic Studies Journal, 3 (9), 113-121. (In Persian)
Habibi, K., Pourahmad, A., Meshkini, A., Asgari, A., & Nazari Adeli, S. (2009). Determining the Construction Factors Influencing the Zanjan Urban Textile Vulnerability using GIS and Fuzzy Logic. Journal of Honarhaye Ziba. 33, 27-36. (In Persian)
Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 4, 1-23.
Hosseini, M. (2008). Crisis Management. Tehran: Publishing Institute. (In Persian)
Klein, R. J., Nicholls, R. J., & Thomalla, F. (2003). Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept? Global Environmental Change Part B. Environmental Hazards, 5 (1), 35-45.
Kobe city council. (2008). Lessons Learned from the great Hanshin Awaji earthquake case. Japan: Kobe.
Magsino, S. L. (2009). Applications of social network analysis for building community disaster resilience. Workshop summary. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Mayunga, J.S. (2007). Understanding and Applying the Concept of Community Disaster Resilience: A capital based approach. A draft working paper prepared for the summer academy for social vulnerability and resilience building, 22-28 July 2007, Munich.
Mileti, D.S. (1999). Disasters by design: a reassessment of natural hazards in the United States. Natural hazards and disasters. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press.
Mohammadi, A. A., & Ghiasvand, A. (2015). Resilience Risk Management Approach. Tehran: Supreme National Defense University. (In Persian)
Monzavi, M., Soleimani, M., Tavalayi, Simin & Chavoshi, I. (2008). The vulnerability of worn-out tissues in the city center of Tehran against earthquakes (area of study area 12). Journal of Human Geography Research. 42 (73), 1-18. (In Persian)
Normandin, J. M., Therrien, M. C., & Tanguay, G. A. (2009). City strength in times of turbulence: strategic resilience indicators. In Proc. of the Joint Conference on City Futures, Madrid, pp: 4-6.
Rafiean, M., Rezaie, M. R., Asgari, A., Parizgar, A., & Shayan, S. (2010). Conceptualization of resilience and its indexation in community-based disaster management (CBDM). The Journal of Spatial Planning (Teacher of Human Sciences). 1 (4), 41-19. (In Persian)
Rezaei, M. R. (2010). Explaining resilience of urban communities in order to reduce the effects of natural disasters (earthquake) (case study: Tehran metropolis). Ph.D dissertation. Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
San Francisco Department Building Inspection. (2011). under the community Action Plan for Seismic Safety (CAPSS) Project. Here today- Here tomorrow: The road to Earthquake Resilience in San Francisco a Community Action Plan for Seismic Safety. Community Action Plan for Seismic Safety. USA.
Sharif Nia, F. (2012). Investigating the relationship between urban land use and earthquake resilience and providing solutions in urban planning (Case study: Tehran 10). Master's thesis, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Sharif Zadegan, M. H., & Fathi, H. (2008). Design and application of spatial models of seismic vulnerability assessment and analysis in urban planning and management. The Journal of Soffeh, 17 (46), 109-124. (In Persian)
UN/ISDR. (2002). Living with Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives. Preliminary version prepared as an interagency effort co-ordinated by the ISDR Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland.
Verrucci, E., Rossetto, T., Twigg, J., & Adams, B. J. (2012). Multi-disciplinary indicators for evaluating the seismic resilience of urban areas. In Proceedings of 15th world conference earthquake engineering, Lisbon.
Ziari, K., & Darab Khani, R. (2010). Investigating Urban Vulnerability to Earthquake (Case Study: District 11 of Tehran Municipality). Journal of geographic research. 25 (4), 48-25. (In Persian)
_||_Allan, p., Bryant, M. (2010). The Critical role of Open Space in Earthquake Recovery: A Case study. NZSEE Conference, Victoria university of Wellington, Wellington New Zealand.
Amaratunga, D., & Haigh, R. (20011). Post Disaster Reconstruction of the Built Environment Building for Resilience. U.K.: Wiley Blackwell.
Asadzadeh, A., Kötter, T., & Zebardast, E. (2015). An augmented approach for measurement of disaster resilience using connective factor analysis and analytic network process (F’ANP) model. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 504-518.
Azizi, M. M., & Akbari, R. (2008). Urban considerations in assessing the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes by applying a hierarchical analytical method and geographic information system. Journal of Honarhaye Ziba, 34, 25-36. (In Persian)
Bahraini, H. (1996). Land Use Planning in Seismic Areas Case Study of Manjil Loshan and Roodbar Towns. Tehran: Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation. (In Persian)
Bavand Consulting Engineers. (2006). Detailed plan of the 12th district of Tehran. Tehran: District 12 Municipality. (In Persian)
Brooks, N., Adger, W. N., & Kelly, P. M. (2005). The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation. Global environmental change, 15 (2), 151-163.
Burby, R. J., Deyle, R. E., Godschalk, D. R., & Olshansky, R. B. (2000) creating hazard resilient communities through land-use planning. Natural hazards review, 1 (2), 99-106.
Colten, C.E. et al. (2008), Community resilience: lessons from New Orleans and Hurricane Katrina, CARRI Research Report 3, Community and Regional Resilience Initiative, pp.1-5.
Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., & Webb, J. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global environmental change, 18 (4), 598-606.
Cutter, S. L., Christopher, G., Burton, & Christopher, T. E. (2010). Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarking Baseline Conditions. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 7 (1), 14.
Farzad Behtash, M. R. (2014). Evaluation and Analysis of Dimensions and Components of Resilience of Tabriz City. Ph.D dissertation. Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian)
Farzad Behtash, M. R., Pierre Babaei, M. T., Kee Nejad, A. M., & Aqa Babaei, M. T. (2012). Explaining Resizing Dimensions and Components of Islamic Cities. Iranian Islamic Studies Journal, 3 (9), 113-121. (In Persian)
Habibi, K., Pourahmad, A., Meshkini, A., Asgari, A., & Nazari Adeli, S. (2009). Determining the Construction Factors Influencing the Zanjan Urban Textile Vulnerability using GIS and Fuzzy Logic. Journal of Honarhaye Ziba. 33, 27-36. (In Persian)
Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 4, 1-23.
Hosseini, M. (2008). Crisis Management. Tehran: Publishing Institute. (In Persian)
Klein, R. J., Nicholls, R. J., & Thomalla, F. (2003). Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept? Global Environmental Change Part B. Environmental Hazards, 5 (1), 35-45.
Kobe city council. (2008). Lessons Learned from the great Hanshin Awaji earthquake case. Japan: Kobe.
Magsino, S. L. (2009). Applications of social network analysis for building community disaster resilience. Workshop summary. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Mayunga, J.S. (2007). Understanding and Applying the Concept of Community Disaster Resilience: A capital based approach. A draft working paper prepared for the summer academy for social vulnerability and resilience building, 22-28 July 2007, Munich.
Mileti, D.S. (1999). Disasters by design: a reassessment of natural hazards in the United States. Natural hazards and disasters. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press.
Mohammadi, A. A., & Ghiasvand, A. (2015). Resilience Risk Management Approach. Tehran: Supreme National Defense University. (In Persian)
Monzavi, M., Soleimani, M., Tavalayi, Simin & Chavoshi, I. (2008). The vulnerability of worn-out tissues in the city center of Tehran against earthquakes (area of study area 12). Journal of Human Geography Research. 42 (73), 1-18. (In Persian)
Normandin, J. M., Therrien, M. C., & Tanguay, G. A. (2009). City strength in times of turbulence: strategic resilience indicators. In Proc. of the Joint Conference on City Futures, Madrid, pp: 4-6.
Rafiean, M., Rezaie, M. R., Asgari, A., Parizgar, A., & Shayan, S. (2010). Conceptualization of resilience and its indexation in community-based disaster management (CBDM). The Journal of Spatial Planning (Teacher of Human Sciences). 1 (4), 41-19. (In Persian)
Rezaei, M. R. (2010). Explaining resilience of urban communities in order to reduce the effects of natural disasters (earthquake) (case study: Tehran metropolis). Ph.D dissertation. Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
San Francisco Department Building Inspection. (2011). under the community Action Plan for Seismic Safety (CAPSS) Project. Here today- Here tomorrow: The road to Earthquake Resilience in San Francisco a Community Action Plan for Seismic Safety. Community Action Plan for Seismic Safety. USA.
Sharif Nia, F. (2012). Investigating the relationship between urban land use and earthquake resilience and providing solutions in urban planning (Case study: Tehran 10). Master's thesis, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Sharif Zadegan, M. H., & Fathi, H. (2008). Design and application of spatial models of seismic vulnerability assessment and analysis in urban planning and management. The Journal of Soffeh, 17 (46), 109-124. (In Persian)
UN/ISDR. (2002). Living with Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives. Preliminary version prepared as an interagency effort co-ordinated by the ISDR Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland.
Verrucci, E., Rossetto, T., Twigg, J., & Adams, B. J. (2012). Multi-disciplinary indicators for evaluating the seismic resilience of urban areas. In Proceedings of 15th world conference earthquake engineering, Lisbon.
Ziari, K., & Darab Khani, R. (2010). Investigating Urban Vulnerability to Earthquake (Case Study: District 11 of Tehran Municipality). Journal of geographic research. 25 (4), 48-25. (In Persian)