تحلیل نقش الگوی حکمروایی خوب شهری در کاهش آسیب پذیری مسکن شهری در برابر زلزله
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایحسین حاتمی نژاد 1 , شهرام بزرافکن 2 , محمود آروین 3
1 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: زلزله, مدیریت شهری, حکمروایی خوب شهری, مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری, آسیب‌پذیری مسکن,
چکیده مقاله :
در مدل‌های اخیر توسعه که از سوی سازمان‌های بین‌المللی ترویج می‌شود، برای بهبود کیفیت زندگی شهری و نیل به توسعه پایدار شهری، الگوی حکمروایی خوب شهری مطرح می‌شود که بر مبنای آن می‌توان سلامت، نظم و امنیت، پیشرفت و رفاه را به صورت توأمان محقق کرد. نظریه‌ی حکمروایی خوب شهری که موردپذیرش نخبگان و صاحب‌نظران و تأکید سازمان‌های جهانی و به ویژه هبیتات قرارگرفته، درصدد است تا شهرها کارآمدتر، عادلانه‌تر، ایمن‌تر و پایدارتر شوند. هدف تحقیق، تحلیل نقش الگوی حکمروایی خوب شهری در کاهش آسیب‌پذیری مسکن شهری در برابر زلزله می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر بر مبنای هدف از نوع کاربردی و از لحاظ نحوه گردآوری داده‌ها از نوع توصیفی – همبستگی می‌باشد. در قسمت تحلیل داده‌ها از فن مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار smart pls3برای بررسی مدل مفهومی تحقیق بهره گرفته شده است. در این پژوهش از شاخص‌های مشارکت، قانونمندی، شفافیت، توافق جمعی، مسئولیت‌پذیری، عدالت محوری، پاسخگویی و کارایی و اثربخشی با38 سوال استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری،کارشناسان حوزه برنامه‌ریزی شهری می‌باشند که با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند 40نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب گردید. نتایج حاصل از تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که همه شاخص‌های حکمروایی خوب شهری در کاهش آسیب‌پذیری مسکن دارای اهمیت می‌باشند. لذا در ایجاد شهرهای پایدار و ایمن، مشارکت مردم، رعایت قوانین، احترام به حقوق دیگران، عدالت و برابری، مسئولیت‌پذیری و پاسخگویی، شفاف بودن عملکرد مدیران و مسئولان شهری در قبال شهروندان منجر به افزایش کارایی و اثربخشی؛ و در نهایت منجر به رهیافت حکمروایی خوب شهری خواهد شد که می‌تواند متضمن و کاهش آسیب‌پذیری مسکن باشد.
In the later development models which have been promoted by the international organizations, for improving the quality of urban life and achieving sustainable urban development, a pattern of good urban governance will be presented, on the basis of which, health, order and security, progress and welfare can be achieved, simultaneously. Theory of good urban governance which is accepted by elites and experts and is emphasized by international organizations, in particular Habitat, intends to make cities more efficient, equitable, safer and more sustainable. The objective of this study is an Analysis of the role of good urban governance in reducing urban housing vulnerability against earthquake. The present study is applied and also descriptive-correlation research in terms of purpose and also in terms of way of collecting data, respectively. In the data analysis, the structural equation modeling technique was used with smart pls 3 software to examine the conceptual model of the research. In this study, indexes of participation, legitimacy, transparency, collective agreement, taking responsibility, justice, accountability, and efficiency and effectiveness were used by means of 38 questions. The population of the study is urban planners who were selected as 40 numbers as a sample using purposeful sampling. The results of this study show that all good urban governance indexes are important in reducing housing vulnerability. Therefore, in creating sustainable and safe cities, participation of people, observance of laws, respect for others rights, justice and equality, taking responsibility and responsiveness, transparency of city managers and city officials' performance vis-à-vis citizens leads to increased efficiency and effectiveness; and finally, leads to a good urban governance approach that can ensure and reduce the housing vulnerability.
Abdollahi, M. (2012). Crisis Management in Urban Areas. Tehran: Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Dignitaries of the country. (In Persian)
Ahmadpur-e-Dariani, M. (2000). Intrepreneurship, definitions, theories, models. (2nd Ed.). Tehran: Pardis Company Publication. (In Persian)
Arab Ella Firooz, jah, A. (2011). The Role of Urban Development Plans (Comprehensive and Detailed) in Reducing the Babylonian Vulnerability of the Earthquake. Master's Thesis for Geography and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. (In Persian)
Amini, E. (2004). Urban Role in Reducing Urban Vulnerability, International Conference on Earthquake (Bam Disaster Memorial). Kerman Shahid Bahonar University. (In Persian)
Anabestani, A. (2009). The physical effects of second homes on rural development: Case Study: rural villas in Mashhad. Rural & Development Journal. 12 (4), 149-166. (In Persian)
Bański, J., & Wesołowska, M. (2010). Transformations in housing construction in rural areas of Poland's Lublin region Influence on the spatial settlement structure and landscape aesthetics. Landscape and Urban Planning, 94 (2), 116-126.
Bovaird, T. (2005). Public Governance: Balancing Stakeholder Power in a Network Society. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 71 (2): 217-228.
Burkpour, N. (2006). Urban Governance and City Administration System in Iran, First Conference on Urban Planning and Management. Mashhad, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
Burkpour, N., & Basirat, M. (2011). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Rural Settlements:Housing and texture (rural governance system). Tehran, Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation. (In Persian)
Burkpour, N., & Asadi, I. (2011). Urban Management and Management. Tehran: Second Edition, Tehran Art University Press. (In Persian)
Baycan-Levent, T. & Nijkamp, P. (2006).Quality of Urban Life: a Taxonomic Perspective. Journal of Studies in Regional Science. 36 (2), 269-281.
Fornel, C., & Lacker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistic. Journal of Marketing Research, 28, 39-50.
Haus, M., & Heinelt, H. (2005). How to achieve governability at the local level? In M. Haus, H. Heinelt, & M. Stewart (Eds.), urban governance and democracy, 12-39, London: Routledge.
Healey, P. (2015). Planning Theory: The Good City and its Governance. international Encyclopedia of the social & Behavioural sciences, 202-210.
Ismailzadeh, H., & Sarafi, M. (2006). Place good governance in urban planning Tehran Metro project. Quarterly journal of humanities, 10 (1), 1-28. (In Persian)
Kazemian, GH. (2007). Income on Urban Governance Model. Urban Places, No. 19-20, 5-7. (In Persian)
Kadago, J., Sandholz S., & Ham Haber, J. (2010). Good urban governance, actor’s relations and paradigms: Lessons from Nairobi, Kenya, and Recife, Brazil, 46th ISOCARP Congress
Kardos, M. (2012). The reflection of good governance in sustainable development strategies, 8th International Strategic Management Conference, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 58.
Mafunsia, M. (2004). The role of civil society in promoting good governance in the Republic of South Africa. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 70 (3).
Torabi, A. (2004). Sustainable Urban Management in Good Governance, Monthly Magazine of Municipalities, (6) 69, 5-10. (In Persian)
Maharyti, Y., Hosni Honzai, V., & Hamidi, M. (2012). Evaluation of Strategic Planning Based on Good Urban Governance (Comparative Study) of Tehran and Mashhad Planning, 4th Conference on Urban Planning and Management, Mashhad. (In Persian)
Masoumi Rad, R. (2012). the role of good urban governance on urban quality of life. Good urban governance conference, Vol. I, Fall. Tehran. (In Persian)
Moezzen, S. (2012). Evaluation of neighborhood management model based on desirable urban governance indexes: Evin neighborhood, Tehran, Master's thesis of geography and urban planning, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Moussapur, A. (2005). Citizen Participation in Urban Planning. Master's Thesis for Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Qa'ed Rahmati, S., Bastanifar, I., & Soltani, L. (2011). Study of the effects of congestion on earthquake-induced vulnerability in Isfahan. Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, 22 (41), 169-190. (In Persian)
Qa'ed Rahmati, S., Gandomkar, A., & Khoshkalampoor, A. (2013). Evaluation of Variable Variables Affecting Urban Housing Vulnerability to Earthquake (Case Study: Borujerd City), Environmental Issue Quarterly, 7 (24), 83-103. (In Persian)
Qa'ed Rahmati, S., & Ghaneai, R. (2012). Analysis of the effect of Tehran's spatial expansion on increasing the earthquake-induced vulnerability (period: physical expansion of the last 200 years), Quarterly Journal of Geographical Research, 2, 169-190. (In Persian)
Rajab doost, M. (2007). Urban management role in the physical development of urban areas (study: Fasa between the years 1981- 2001). Master's Degree in Geography and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. (In Persian)
Schimitter, P. C. (2002). Participatory governance arrangements: Is there any reason to expect it will achieve ‘Sustainable and innovative policies in a multilevel context?’ (51-70).
Sarafi, M., & Abdollahi, M. (2008). Analysis of the concept of citizenship and its assessment of the laws, regulations and urban management. Geographical research, 61, 115-164. (In Persian)
Sharifian Thani, M. (2001). Citizenship Participation, Urban Governance and Urban Management. Urban Management Quarterly, 8, 42-55. (In Persian)
Shia, I. (2003). The Need for Urban Management Development in Iran. Geography and Development Magazine, spring and summer, 1, 37- 62. (In Persian)
Taghvaei, A., & Tajdar, R. (2009). Income on Good City Governance in Analytical Approach. Urban Management Quarterly, 7 (23), 45-58. (In Persian)
Talebi, K., & Dehghan Najmabadi, A. (2013). the impact of structural funds on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. Entrepreneurial development, 6 (3), 76-86. (In Persian)
Xue, M, a., & Ryuzo, O. (2012). Examination of Vulnerability of Various Residential Areas in China for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation. journal of Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 35, 369-377.
_||_Abdollahi, M. (2012). Crisis Management in Urban Areas. Tehran: Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Dignitaries of the country. (In Persian)
Ahmadpur-e-Dariani, M. (2000). Intrepreneurship, definitions, theories, models. (2nd Ed.). Tehran: Pardis Company Publication. (In Persian)
Arab Ella Firooz, jah, A. (2011). The Role of Urban Development Plans (Comprehensive and Detailed) in Reducing the Babylonian Vulnerability of the Earthquake. Master's Thesis for Geography and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. (In Persian)
Amini, E. (2004). Urban Role in Reducing Urban Vulnerability, International Conference on Earthquake (Bam Disaster Memorial). Kerman Shahid Bahonar University. (In Persian)
Anabestani, A. (2009). The physical effects of second homes on rural development: Case Study: rural villas in Mashhad. Rural & Development Journal. 12 (4), 149-166. (In Persian)
Bański, J., & Wesołowska, M. (2010). Transformations in housing construction in rural areas of Poland's Lublin region Influence on the spatial settlement structure and landscape aesthetics. Landscape and Urban Planning, 94 (2), 116-126.
Bovaird, T. (2005). Public Governance: Balancing Stakeholder Power in a Network Society. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 71 (2): 217-228.
Burkpour, N. (2006). Urban Governance and City Administration System in Iran, First Conference on Urban Planning and Management. Mashhad, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
Burkpour, N., & Basirat, M. (2011). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Rural Settlements:Housing and texture (rural governance system). Tehran, Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation. (In Persian)
Burkpour, N., & Asadi, I. (2011). Urban Management and Management. Tehran: Second Edition, Tehran Art University Press. (In Persian)
Baycan-Levent, T. & Nijkamp, P. (2006).Quality of Urban Life: a Taxonomic Perspective. Journal of Studies in Regional Science. 36 (2), 269-281.
Fornel, C., & Lacker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistic. Journal of Marketing Research, 28, 39-50.
Haus, M., & Heinelt, H. (2005). How to achieve governability at the local level? In M. Haus, H. Heinelt, & M. Stewart (Eds.), urban governance and democracy, 12-39, London: Routledge.
Healey, P. (2015). Planning Theory: The Good City and its Governance. international Encyclopedia of the social & Behavioural sciences, 202-210.
Ismailzadeh, H., & Sarafi, M. (2006). Place good governance in urban planning Tehran Metro project. Quarterly journal of humanities, 10 (1), 1-28. (In Persian)
Kazemian, GH. (2007). Income on Urban Governance Model. Urban Places, No. 19-20, 5-7. (In Persian)
Kadago, J., Sandholz S., & Ham Haber, J. (2010). Good urban governance, actor’s relations and paradigms: Lessons from Nairobi, Kenya, and Recife, Brazil, 46th ISOCARP Congress
Kardos, M. (2012). The reflection of good governance in sustainable development strategies, 8th International Strategic Management Conference, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 58.
Mafunsia, M. (2004). The role of civil society in promoting good governance in the Republic of South Africa. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 70 (3).
Torabi, A. (2004). Sustainable Urban Management in Good Governance, Monthly Magazine of Municipalities, (6) 69, 5-10. (In Persian)
Maharyti, Y., Hosni Honzai, V., & Hamidi, M. (2012). Evaluation of Strategic Planning Based on Good Urban Governance (Comparative Study) of Tehran and Mashhad Planning, 4th Conference on Urban Planning and Management, Mashhad. (In Persian)
Masoumi Rad, R. (2012). the role of good urban governance on urban quality of life. Good urban governance conference, Vol. I, Fall. Tehran. (In Persian)
Moezzen, S. (2012). Evaluation of neighborhood management model based on desirable urban governance indexes: Evin neighborhood, Tehran, Master's thesis of geography and urban planning, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Moussapur, A. (2005). Citizen Participation in Urban Planning. Master's Thesis for Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Qa'ed Rahmati, S., Bastanifar, I., & Soltani, L. (2011). Study of the effects of congestion on earthquake-induced vulnerability in Isfahan. Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, 22 (41), 169-190. (In Persian)
Qa'ed Rahmati, S., Gandomkar, A., & Khoshkalampoor, A. (2013). Evaluation of Variable Variables Affecting Urban Housing Vulnerability to Earthquake (Case Study: Borujerd City), Environmental Issue Quarterly, 7 (24), 83-103. (In Persian)
Qa'ed Rahmati, S., & Ghaneai, R. (2012). Analysis of the effect of Tehran's spatial expansion on increasing the earthquake-induced vulnerability (period: physical expansion of the last 200 years), Quarterly Journal of Geographical Research, 2, 169-190. (In Persian)
Rajab doost, M. (2007). Urban management role in the physical development of urban areas (study: Fasa between the years 1981- 2001). Master's Degree in Geography and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. (In Persian)
Schimitter, P. C. (2002). Participatory governance arrangements: Is there any reason to expect it will achieve ‘Sustainable and innovative policies in a multilevel context?’ (51-70).
Sarafi, M., & Abdollahi, M. (2008). Analysis of the concept of citizenship and its assessment of the laws, regulations and urban management. Geographical research, 61, 115-164. (In Persian)
Sharifian Thani, M. (2001). Citizenship Participation, Urban Governance and Urban Management. Urban Management Quarterly, 8, 42-55. (In Persian)
Shia, I. (2003). The Need for Urban Management Development in Iran. Geography and Development Magazine, spring and summer, 1, 37- 62. (In Persian)
Taghvaei, A., & Tajdar, R. (2009). Income on Good City Governance in Analytical Approach. Urban Management Quarterly, 7 (23), 45-58. (In Persian)
Talebi, K., & Dehghan Najmabadi, A. (2013). the impact of structural funds on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. Entrepreneurial development, 6 (3), 76-86. (In Persian)
Xue, M, a., & Ryuzo, O. (2012). Examination of Vulnerability of Various Residential Areas in China for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation. journal of Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 35, 369-377.