بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر کیفیت مکانیِ نواحی روستایی (مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی شهرستان نیکشهر)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
هادی راستی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران)
بشیر امیری
2
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: نواحی روستایی, اقتصادی و اجتماعی, عوامل مکانی- فضایی, کیفیت مکان, شهرستان نیکشهر,
چکیده مقاله :
نواحی روستایی به عنوان مکان های جغرافیایی، تحت شرایط نظام طبیعی و انسانی خود از تغییرات درونی و بیرونی فراوانی در طول زمان متأثرند، که در نتیجه آن، فضاهای زندگی متنوعی با کیفیت های متفاوت زندگی و رفاه اجتماعی شکل یافته است. این مسأله تحت تأثیر عوامل متعددی در ابعاد مکانی- فضایی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی است. از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر کیفیت مکانی نواحی روستایی یکی از محروم ترین مناطق کشور (شهرستان نیکشهر)، انجام گرفته است. عوامل مورد بررسی عبارتند از: عوامل مکانی- فضایی (شکل استقرار، موقعیت ارتباطی، نوع راه ارتباطی، فاصله)، اقتصادی (نرخ اشتغال، متوسط مالکیت زمین کشاورزی و دام) و اجتماعی (میزان جمعیت، نرخ سواد، نسبت مهاجرت، کیفیت مسکن، نسبت امکانات عمومی). روش تحقیق توصیفی - تحلیلی است و جامعه آماری کلیه روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان نیکشهر هستند که مشتمل بر 143 سکونتگاه روستایی و 45228 تن جمعیت (10762 خانوار) است. در این میان 20 سکونتگاه و 305 سرپرست خانوار ساکن در آنها به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده ها از روش کتابخانه ای و پرسشنامه استفاده شده است. داده ها به کمک روش های آماری در محیط SPSS پردازش و تحلیل شد. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از سطح پایین کیفیت مکانی نواحی روستایی در سایر شاخص ها (به استثنای شاخص امنیت) و نیز وجود تفاوت معنادار بین سطح کیفیت مکانی با عوامل مکانی- فضایی، اقتصادی (به جز شاخص مالکیت دام)، اجتماعی (به استثنای شاخص نسبت مهاجرت) است.
Rural areas as geographical locations affected a lot of over time under the terms of natural and human systems, internal and external changes, as a result is formed a variety of living spaces with different quality of life and social welfare. This issue influenced by several factors in terms of spatial, economic, social. Hence, this study was conducted aimed to investigate the factors affecting the quality of place in rural areas, one of the most deprived areas of the country (Nikshahr Township). Factors examined include spatial (deployment form, connection position, connection way, distance), economic (employment rates, average of agricultural land and livestock ownership) and social factors (population size, literacy rates, migration rates, housing quality, rate the public facilities). Research method is descriptive - analysis and population are of all rural areas of the central part Nikshahr Township that includes 143 rural settlements and a population of 45,228 people (10,762 households). In the meantime were selected the 20 settlements and 305 households living in them as sample. For data collection were used from library and questionnaires. Data by statistical methods processed and analyzed in SPSS. Research results indicated a low level of quality of place in rural areas in other indicators (with the exception of security) and significant differences between quality of place level with spatial factors, economic factors (exception livestock ownership) and social factors (immigration rats).
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Arova, A., Richard, F., Gary, J., & Kamlet, K. (2000). Human Capital, Quality of Place and Location. journal Canadian Studie, 38 (3), 1- 44.
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Dehghani, K. (2011). Analysis of the quality of rural areas (District of Doshmanziare in Township Mamasani). MA thesis. Zabol University, Zabol, Iran. (In Persian)
Fazelnia, Gh., Shams al-Dini, A., & Dehghani, K. (2013). Analysis of the quality of rural settlements locations in the Mamasani Township (Case Study: Doshmanziare). Geographic explres Journal of wilderness areas, 1 (2). 195-220. (In Persian)
Florida, R. (2006). Quality of Place & the New Economy analysis of quality rural development. Evidence from Carnegie Mellon University, 34, 202-218.
Fraser, C., & Henry, J.F. (2008). Changing places the impact of rural restructuring on mental health in Australia. journal of Health & Place, 11 (2), 157-171.
Hagget, P. (2005). Geography: a modern synthesis. Translated Shapur Goudarzi Nejad, Tehran: Samt.
Helen, E., Berrya, R., Krannicha, S., & Thomas G. (2008). A longitudinal analysis of neighboring in rapidly changing rural places Department of Sociology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0730, U.S.A. Journal of Rural Studies, 6 (2), 175-186.
Lim, L. (2008). Reflection on Quality of Life Studies, Ragers University An approach integrating opportunities human needs and subjective Well – being Ecological Economics. 61, 267-27.
ozsoy, H. (1996). Housing Quality Assessment Model (Case Study exterior spaces Istanbul). Translated by Ali Khorshid Doust and Rahmat Mohammad Zadeh. Journal of Geographical Research, 43, 119-134.
Pourahmad, A. (2010). Territory and philosophy of geography. (fourth edition), Tehran: Tehran University. (In Persian)
Pishgahifard, Z., Pourahmad, A., & Vasegh, M. (2005). The philosophy of location in geography (Initial Quality in Geography). Journal of philosophical ideas, 2 (4), 179-202. (In Persian)
Johnston, R.J. (2000). Subject geographical location. Translated by Jalal Tabrizi, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Mottakian A.A., Pourahmad, A., Mansourian, H., Mirbagheri, B., & Hosseini Hasel, A. (2009). Measuring the quality of urban places (Case Study of Tehran). Journal Remote Sensing and GIS of Iran, 1 (4), 1-20. (In Persian)
Mozaffar, F., Hosseini, S.B., Soleimani, M., Torkashvand, A., & Samadi, A. (2008). Impact assessment of conducting projects on the environment in rural areas of Iran. Journal Environmental Sciences, 5 (3), 11-32. (In Persian)
Mahdavi, M. (2005). Introduction on rural geography of Iran. (Sixth Edition), Tehran: Samt. (In Persian)
Norberg-Schulz, C. (1974). Universe, space and architecture. Translated by Mohammad Hasan Hafezi. Tehran: Ketab Foroushi. (In Persian)
Relph, E. (1986). Place and placelessness, poin limited, 61.
Saeedi, A. (2010). Ten articles in recognition of rural settlements.Tehran: Mehre-Mino. (In Persian)
Saeedi, A. (2005). Principles of rural geography. (Sixth Edition), Tehran: side. (In Persian)
Saeedi, A., & Hosseini sure, S. (2009). Locating foundation and establishment of new villages. Tehran: Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation.
Saeedi, A., & Taleb M. (1996). Types of Settlement and Typology of Rural Housing. Tehran: Housing Fondation of Islamic Revolution. (In Persian)
Shakouie, H. (2004). New ideas in the philosophy of geography. Vol I, Seventh Edition. Tehran: Publication of the Gita. (In Persian)
Shakouie, H. (2006). New ideas in the philosophy of geography. Vol II, Third Edition. Tehran: Publication of the Gita. (In Persian)
Ismail, sh. (1999). With the city and the region in Iran. Tehran: Iran University of Science and Technology. (In Persian)
Van Kamp, I., Kees L., Meijer, G., & Marsman, A. (2003). Urban Environmental Quality and Human Well-being towards a Conceptual Framework and Demarcation of Concepts: a literature study. In landscape and urban planning, (65), 5-18.
Van Poll, R. (1997). The perceived quality of the urban residential environment. A multiattribute evaluation. PhD-thesis, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies (IVEM), University of Groningen (RuG), The Netherlands.
_||_Akbar Qoli, F., & Velayati, S. (2007). Investigating the role of natural factors in the establishment of rural settlements, Case Study: Rural Settlements in highlands Kopeh Dagh-Hezar Masjed. Journal of Geography (Geographical Society of Iran), 5 (12-13), 45-66. (In Persian)
Arova, A., Richard, F., Gary, J., & Kamlet, K. (2000). Human Capital, Quality of Place and Location. journal Canadian Studie, 38 (3), 1- 44.
Bullock, J.R. (2007). An analysis of technology quality of life in rural west texas community. A dissertation in Agricultural Education Submitted to the Graduate faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education, 34, 110-120.
Dehghani, K. (2011). Analysis of the quality of rural areas (District of Doshmanziare in Township Mamasani). MA thesis. Zabol University, Zabol, Iran. (In Persian)
Fazelnia, Gh., Shams al-Dini, A., & Dehghani, K. (2013). Analysis of the quality of rural settlements locations in the Mamasani Township (Case Study: Doshmanziare). Geographic explres Journal of wilderness areas, 1 (2). 195-220. (In Persian)
Florida, R. (2006). Quality of Place & the New Economy analysis of quality rural development. Evidence from Carnegie Mellon University, 34, 202-218.
Fraser, C., & Henry, J.F. (2008). Changing places the impact of rural restructuring on mental health in Australia. journal of Health & Place, 11 (2), 157-171.
Hagget, P. (2005). Geography: a modern synthesis. Translated Shapur Goudarzi Nejad, Tehran: Samt.
Helen, E., Berrya, R., Krannicha, S., & Thomas G. (2008). A longitudinal analysis of neighboring in rapidly changing rural places Department of Sociology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0730, U.S.A. Journal of Rural Studies, 6 (2), 175-186.
Lim, L. (2008). Reflection on Quality of Life Studies, Ragers University An approach integrating opportunities human needs and subjective Well – being Ecological Economics. 61, 267-27.
ozsoy, H. (1996). Housing Quality Assessment Model (Case Study exterior spaces Istanbul). Translated by Ali Khorshid Doust and Rahmat Mohammad Zadeh. Journal of Geographical Research, 43, 119-134.
Pourahmad, A. (2010). Territory and philosophy of geography. (fourth edition), Tehran: Tehran University. (In Persian)
Pishgahifard, Z., Pourahmad, A., & Vasegh, M. (2005). The philosophy of location in geography (Initial Quality in Geography). Journal of philosophical ideas, 2 (4), 179-202. (In Persian)
Johnston, R.J. (2000). Subject geographical location. Translated by Jalal Tabrizi, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Mottakian A.A., Pourahmad, A., Mansourian, H., Mirbagheri, B., & Hosseini Hasel, A. (2009). Measuring the quality of urban places (Case Study of Tehran). Journal Remote Sensing and GIS of Iran, 1 (4), 1-20. (In Persian)
Mozaffar, F., Hosseini, S.B., Soleimani, M., Torkashvand, A., & Samadi, A. (2008). Impact assessment of conducting projects on the environment in rural areas of Iran. Journal Environmental Sciences, 5 (3), 11-32. (In Persian)
Mahdavi, M. (2005). Introduction on rural geography of Iran. (Sixth Edition), Tehran: Samt. (In Persian)
Norberg-Schulz, C. (1974). Universe, space and architecture. Translated by Mohammad Hasan Hafezi. Tehran: Ketab Foroushi. (In Persian)
Relph, E. (1986). Place and placelessness, poin limited, 61.
Saeedi, A. (2010). Ten articles in recognition of rural settlements.Tehran: Mehre-Mino. (In Persian)
Saeedi, A. (2005). Principles of rural geography. (Sixth Edition), Tehran: side. (In Persian)
Saeedi, A., & Hosseini sure, S. (2009). Locating foundation and establishment of new villages. Tehran: Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation.
Saeedi, A., & Taleb M. (1996). Types of Settlement and Typology of Rural Housing. Tehran: Housing Fondation of Islamic Revolution. (In Persian)
Shakouie, H. (2004). New ideas in the philosophy of geography. Vol I, Seventh Edition. Tehran: Publication of the Gita. (In Persian)
Shakouie, H. (2006). New ideas in the philosophy of geography. Vol II, Third Edition. Tehran: Publication of the Gita. (In Persian)
Ismail, sh. (1999). With the city and the region in Iran. Tehran: Iran University of Science and Technology. (In Persian)
Van Kamp, I., Kees L., Meijer, G., & Marsman, A. (2003). Urban Environmental Quality and Human Well-being towards a Conceptual Framework and Demarcation of Concepts: a literature study. In landscape and urban planning, (65), 5-18.
Van Poll, R. (1997). The perceived quality of the urban residential environment. A multiattribute evaluation. PhD-thesis, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies (IVEM), University of Groningen (RuG), The Netherlands.