مقایسه اثربخشی واقعیت درمانی نوین گروهی و رویکرد مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر سرمایه روانشناختی در بین کارمندان شهر بوشهر
محورهای موضوعی : روش ها و مدل های روانشناختییونس قیصی زاده 1 , مولود کیخسروانی 2 , علی پولادی ریشهری 3 , ناصر امینی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری رشته روانشناسی عمومی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه پیام نور بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران.
کلید واژه: سرمایه روانشناختی, کارمندان, واقعیت درمانی, درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده
هدف: امروزه نیروی انسانی حیاتی‌ترین عنصر راهبردی و اساسی‌ترین راه برای افزایش اثربخشی کارایی سازمان محسوب می‌شود. بنابراین افزایش سرمایه‌های روانشناختی یک ضرورت اجتناب‌ناپذیر برای هر سازمان است. هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه اثربخشی واقعیت درمانی نوین گروهی و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر سرمایه روانشناختی در بین کارمندان شهر بوشهر بود.
روش: روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون، پس آزمون و گروه کنترل است. جامعه آماری کلیه کارمندان شهر بوشهر در سال 1400 بودند. نمونه پژوهش 45 نفر از کارامندان بود که به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه‌های آزمایشی (پذیرش و تعهد و واقعیت درمانی) و کنترل قرار گرفتند. برای جمع آوری داده‌ها از پرسش‌نامه سرمایه روانشناختی (لوتانز، 2007) استفاده شد. داده‌های جمع آوری شده با استفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیری (MANCOVA) مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیری نشان داد که واقعیت درمانی نوین گروهی و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد باعث افزایش سرمایه‌های روانشناختی گروه‌های آزمایشی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل شده‌اند (001/0>P). نتایج آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی نشان داد که تأثیر درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر خودکارآمدی، تاب‌آوری و سرمایه روانشناختی به طور معناداری بیشتر از آموزش مبتنی بر واقعیت درمانی بوده است (05/0>P).
نتیجه‌گیری: نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که هر دو روش واقعیت درمانی نوین گروهی و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد برای بهبود سرمایه‌های روانشناختی کارمندان مؤثرند و می‌توان از این مداخلات برای افزایش بهره‌وری سازمانی سود برد.
Abstract
Introduction: today human resources is considered the most vital strategic element and the most fundamental way to increase the effectiveness of the organization. Therefore, increasing psychological capital is an inevitable necessity for any organization. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of modern group reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological capital among the employees of Bushehr city.
Materials and Method: The current research method is semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and control group design. The statistical population was all the employees of Bushehr city in 2022. The sample of the research was 45 employees who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (acceptance and commitment therapy and reality therapy) and control. Psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans, 2007) was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that modern group reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy increased the psychological capital of the experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). The results of post hoc Bonferroni test showed that the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on self-efficacy, resilience psychological and capital was significantly higher than training based on reality therapy (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It is concluded that both modern group reality therapy methods and therapy based on acceptance and commitment are effective for improving the psychological capital of employees and these interventions can be used to increase organizational productivity.
References
1. Mutonyi BR, Slåtten T, Lien G, González-Piñero M. The impact of organizational culture and leadership climate on organizational attractiveness and innovative behavior: a study of Norwegian hospital employees. BMC health services research, 2022, 22(1), 637. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08042-x
2. Zarei Z, Pourshafei H, Asgari A. The role of knowledge leadership and organizational culture in job performance. Scientific Quarterly of Social-Cultural Studies of Khorasan, 2022, 16 (3), 67-99. Doi: 10.22034/fakh.2022.150384
3. Tagoe, T., Nii-Boye Quarshie, E. (2017). The relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among nurse in Accra. Willey Nursing, 4(2), 84-9.
4. Coetzee M, Oosthuizen RM. Work-role psychosocial flourishing: Its mediation role on workplace bullying and employee urnover intention. Journal of Psychology in Africa. 2017 Jun 26;27(3):211-5.
5. Redelinghuys K, Rothmann S, Botha E. Flourishingat-Work: The role of positive organizational practices. Psychological reports, 2019, 122(2), 609-631.
6. Luthans F, Broad JD. Positive psychological capital to help combat the mental health fallout from the pandemic and VUCA environment. Organizational dynamics, 2022, 51(2), 100817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2020.100817.
7. Nolan A, Molla T. Teacher confidence and professional capital. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2017, 62(1), 10-18.
8. Jurek K, Niewiadomska I. Relationship between psychological capital and quality of life among seniors working after retirement: The mediating role of hope of success. PloS one, 2021, 16(11), e0259273. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259273.
9. Avey JB, Reichard RJ, Luthans F, Mhatre KH. “Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance”. Human Resource Development Quarterl, 2011, 22 (2), 127-152.
10. Prasath PR, Xiong Y, Zhang Q, Jeon L. Psychological Capital, Well-being, and Distress of International Students. International journal for the advancement of counseling, 2022, 44(3), 529–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-022-09473-1.
11. Howard MC. The empirical distinction of core self-evaluations, psychological capital, and the identification of negative core self-evaluations and negative psychological capital. Personality and Individual Differences, 2017, 114(Supplement C): 108-118.
12. Ziaee A, Nejat H, Amarghan HA, Fariborzi E. Existential therapy versus acceptance and commitment therapy for feelings of loneliness and irrational beliefs in male prisoners. European journal of translational myology, 2021, 32(1), https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2022.10271
13. Salanova M, Ortega-Maldonado A. Psychological Capital Development in Organizations: An Integrative Review of Evidence Based Intervention Programs. In: Van Zyl L., Rothmann Sr. S. (eds) Positive Psychological Intervention Design and Protocols for Multi Cultural Contexts. Springer, Cham. 2019.
14. Parviniannasab AM, Bijani M, Dehghani A. The mediating role of psychological capital in relations between spiritual well-being and mental health among nursing students. BMC psychology, 2022, 10(1), 230. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00935-0.
15. Paliga M, Kożusznik B, Pollak A, Sanecka E. The relationships of psychological capital and influence regulation with job satisfaction and job performance. PloS one, 2022, 17(8), e0272412. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272412.
16. Fang SH, Ding DD. The efficacy of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological capital and school engagement: A pilot study among Chinese adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2020, 16, 134-143.
17. Han J, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Tang R, Bi L. Effect of a group-based acceptance and commitment therapy programme on the mental health of clinical nurses during the COVID-19 sporadic outbreak period. Journal of nursing management, 2022, 10.1111/jonm.13696. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13696.
18. Hayes Strosahl KD, Wilson KG. Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). Guilford Press. 2012.
19. Harris R. ACT made simple: An easy-to-read primer on acceptance and commitment therapy (2nd ed.). New Harbinger Publications. 2019.
20. Knight L, Samuel V. Acceptance and commitment therapy interventions in secondary schools and their impact on students' mental health and well-being: A systematic review. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2022,25, 90-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.06.006.
21. Pleger M, Treppner K, Diefenbacher A, Schade C, Dambacher C, Fydrich T. Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy compared to CBT+: Preliminary results. The European Journal of Psychiatry. 2018, 32 (4), 166-173.
22. Walser RD, O'Connell M. Acceptance and commitment therapy and the therapeutic relationship: Rupture and repair. Journal of clinical psychology, 2021, 77(2), 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23114.
23. Ferreira MG, Mariano LI, Rezende JV, Caramelli P, Kishita N. Effects of group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, 2022, 309, 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.134.
24. Moens M, Jansen J, De Smedt A, Roulaud M, Billot M, Laton J, Rigoard P, Goudman L. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Increase Resilience in Chronic Pain Patients: A Clinical Guideline. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2022, 58(4), 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58040499.
25. Prudenzi A, Graham CD, Flaxman PE, Wilding S, Day F, O’Connor DB. A workplace Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention for improving healthcare staff psychological distress: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS ONE 2022, 17(4), e0266357. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266357.
26. Duff H, Larsson A, McHugh L. Evaluations of self-referential thoughts and their association with components of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Journal of contextual behavioral science, 2016, 5, 39-47.
27. Mirsharifa SM, Mirzaian B, Dousti Y. The Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Matrix on Depression and Psychological Capital of the Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences, 2019, 7(3), 421–427. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.076.
28. Nasiri A, Sharifi T, Ghazanfari A, Chorami M. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Reality Therapy on Psychological Capital of Preschool Teachers. Quarterly of Applied Psychology, 2021, 15(3):511-536.
29. Glasser W. Choice Theory, New York: Harper Collins. 2006.
30. Caponnetto P, Triscari S, Maglia M, Quattropani MC. The Simulation Game-Virtual Reality Therapy for the Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021, 18(24), 13209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413209.
31. Haskins NH, Appling B. Relational-Cultural Theory and Reality Therapy: A Culturally Responsive Integrative Framework. Journal of Counseling and Development, 2017, 95 (1), 87-99.
32. Yao Y, Chen P, Li CR, Hare TA, Li S, Zhang J, Liu L, Ma S, Fang X. Combined reality therapy and mindfulness meditation decrease intertemporal decisional impulsivity in young adults with Internet gaming disorder. Computers in Human Behavior, 2017, 68, 210-216.
33. Vianez A, Marques A, Simões de Almeida R. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Armed Forces Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Focus Group. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022, 19(1), 464. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010464.
34. Glasser NF, Gudmundsson GH, Longitudinal surface structures (flowstripes) on Antarctic glaciers. The Cryosphere, 2012, 6, 383-391.
35. Cortés-Pérez I, Sánchez-Alcalá M, Nieto-Escámez FA, Castellote-Caballero Y, Obrero-Gaitán E, Osuna-Pérez MC. Virtual Reality-Based Therapy Improves Fatigue, Impact, and Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021, 21(21), 7389. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217389
36. Emmelkamp P, Meyerbröker K. Virtual Reality Therapy in Mental Health. Annual review of clinical psychology, 2021, 17, 495–519. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-115923.
37. Wubbolding R E. Reality therapy and self-evaluation: The key to client change. American Counseling Association. 2017.
38. Nunez K. Reality therapy techniques, benefits, and limitations. Healthline. Retrieved November, 3, 2021, from https://www.healthline.com/health/reality-therapy#limitations
39. Vinolo Gil MJ, Gonzalez-Medina G, Lucena-Anton D, Perez-Cabezas V, Ruiz-Molinero M, Martín-Valero R. Augmented Reality in Physical Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JMIR serious games, 2021, 9(4), e30985. https://doi.org/10.2196/30985
40. Sadeghian A, Fakhri MK, Hasanzadeh R. The Effectiveness of Group Reality Therapy on the Psychological Capital and Responsibility among Children of Divorce. SALĀMAT-I IJTIMĀĪ (Community Health), 2019, 7(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v7i1.23704
41. Snyder CR. Hopelessness and health. In N. Anderson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of health and behavior. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2008.
42. Farnicka M, Wojciechowska L, Wojciechowski Ł. Positive Psychology in Poland Between 2001 and 2020: A Review of Available Articles. Frontiers in psychology, 2021, 12, 659337. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659337.
43. Seligman M. Flourish. New York: Simon & Schuster. 2011.
Arab, S. "The role of social capital and psychological capital on marital adjustment." Unpublished master’s thesis). Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.2015.
45. Fassbinder E, Schweiger U, Martius D, Brand-de Wilde O, Arntz A. Emotion regulation in schema therapy and dialectical behavior therapy. Frontiers in psychology, 2016, 7, 1373.
46. Francis AW, Dawson DL, Golijani-Moghaddam N. The development and validation of the Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (Comp ACT). Journal of contextual behavioral science, 2016, 5, 134-145.
47. Han A, Kim TH. The Effects of Internet-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Process Measures: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of medical Internet research, 2022, 24(8), e39182. https://doi.org/10.2196/39182
48. Xu Q, Hou Z, Zhang C, Yu F, Guan J, Liu X. Human capital, social capital, psychological capital, and job performance: Based on fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Frontiers in psychology, 2022, 13, 938875. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.938875
49. Hajikaram A, Ghamari M, Amiri-Majd M. The Effectiveness of Reality Group Therapy on Work-Family Conflict and Psychological Well-being of Married Women Employed in Telecommunication Company. Community Health, 2019, 6(2), 139-148. https://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v6i2.22100
_||_
```````````